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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n); }4 E1 v ^: Y! U
: o0 j* P& D, wProof: / f" j. {5 R) |' A' a
Let n >1 be an integer $ j5 {- d# a K) X0 j1 s
Basis: (n=2)
' x, Z" s& j( S: k- L( R 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3
9 n& X1 M: U2 Y- g* m
0 s9 L; Z+ S1 Y: n. QInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that6 X( l, R; a# K+ z
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.0 N; C' a8 @% N+ k3 J) y
) q9 |/ \! _, B+ FNow, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3
, n6 X6 ?( q5 y* L& L0 L; p0 Csince we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
, K/ D. P/ Y5 o. |Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
; }: X5 r! K* E8 V = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K- @4 o/ H( y5 I; G, j: P
= ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K) @6 q5 z: D- n% T9 [
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)9 c) P: c4 T3 E) n i# r6 z
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>07 ]5 }- [/ V9 J/ d
So we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)8 p' T( Y- `# u
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)& ?% {* s$ Z0 L8 W1 h$ d1 _
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
3 ?4 v T' {- m; y @0 ?0 Q) _6 m9 o, \7 K
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.# ?* Y" w: l5 a+ a( s5 N, v
" v! H _) E. U2 n( t6 H[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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