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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
$ y, \( V; F9 J: [/ oInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the) r! c; m( O3 Y5 y4 ?4 W I
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
U1 L$ h6 v3 K$ Tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial% f/ b# y. H' y5 R9 c
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of5 \, Z9 @6 A r
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).2 m5 w2 n, r/ I4 ~2 x
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 m; y+ f, V/ d2 K w[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 n y3 n! y8 S- N# B9 Q+ h3 M(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
$ m4 ]5 |$ t# e! D" Xretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) v! ~0 u4 r. k7 xpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# s: \# h+ \; [( ~4 Y+ u
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two" K% q% _5 S+ W3 x
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ D1 ?4 F0 J- Qsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
9 C3 S0 [9 N- n0 S" N6 lend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 {9 i7 v! K* q* f9 ?( c- Q
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
# l6 Q: e/ n( [" S% n2 |3 k/ c: |- g, Ithe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..' j; z1 m6 \8 S
N8 n+ n4 x! q
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
0 h6 g% A" P6 y7 G3 ~. o" E: }4 land American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
