从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
/ U" h  y5 a, b3 u6 ^例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

: |; q7 r: a4 t9 s' _! BA：I like apples.
* a* _* u6 Z8 e8 _
/ ^2 ~( }$ g2 e6 w+ MB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
' n2 d/ w5 J% H4 y: f0 Z" s* \4 X
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
! n* G, \/ _: s0 Y- g3 a
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

' B5 K8 W* t3 o' B  `2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

! ]* b# @% S( ~" I又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

8 D7 P% _. m: i9 h第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
( {6 U9 l2 h+ y! N
- ^9 Q4 Y# K8 m7 @. r第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

- l0 m) w6 J  B' U, N/ C3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

- h; o% O. e) l& _- p! j5 m; q4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
! Y) Z/ |& g0 W+ C& \1 z
' D) O" g1 H' ?如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
) d4 Z( q9 l9 T# L
1 ?% z0 G* ?' l/ [6 V1 K* K! ?& X4 MThis cup hasn't got a handle!

---Nor it has!

" S1 ^9 [' I( F8 Z$ t: A& z四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!
; _9 ?. b6 B; {1 P
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

: E$ p8 P3 |7 I; s7 f$ vDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
, N& Z6 n4 V4 n6 h) ~6 {6 j
7 e3 o3 d' _8 g. p1 K- I0 |1 ~# \Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
, _4 o- Q8 F2 S( G4 N9 H3 T5 }. i
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

  Q/ u) W* ^& s4 M" z6 jDenald: Yes, let's.
, `' `6 D' @9 g3 Q7 z0 @) x
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
9 x7 q. t- F5 S' K
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

8 Z! b. u3 R& h+ P/ M4 I4 DDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
5 h# @; s8 b" s7 P# }
) A8 s  U4 F1 ^: D$ IDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
: D# Z8 p: h! w% k( ~% ?' p* J7 G
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
- S" p# {) c8 l' o) l" R
. N* z4 }) S3 A$ k6 h* V$ {" t6 mDorothy: It's the postman.
4 i/ v$ D- V9 r" H- q5 T5 s
4 j3 s, g+ n! t/ E6 P% ZDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
% i% @$ d4 i, O% X: @: ^( [
1 c# v. V( K& Z  l# h; VDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

- M# H# {+ ]5 Y( P! LDorothy: Nor do I!
/ f4 s+ p0 s( B# p
) M3 k* Y7 e; @+ B. m4 D" iDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

6 D3 J. h1 W; n- o9 g; a: M: tDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

2 l$ i/ M- o( V6 H4 V0 @% ZDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
0 Q9 E8 {" Z- U: K
) d  C# [$ O: T( |8 v7 m; DDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

+ q+ j4 b7 G: D  VDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
$ p7 P5 O; _; F; F* i! v4 F
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
+ j$ @' H$ h! C  @
Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.