从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
& L. r* a- B" X' j5 t$ ^* w例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
: H7 s1 w4 l' J7 @- H+ _! L6 a
A：I like apples.
- `0 M+ n3 ]+ s+ X3 c$ b
B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
5 b; x6 d! I0 \% Y0 Y, g3 J
  o6 {- Z# j, c　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

3 y- r+ J9 t% q) q+ W: B7 D本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
; S7 M+ l0 T( S; C
5 J. ?! G' c. h- |第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　

3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

9 ?  _4 O$ }1 d/ K) `如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
# v" y( B& J$ D" y
This cup hasn't got a handle!
4 i6 S+ h! d! k: l0 X/ ]
---Nor it has!
. C: t+ U+ y* {, L
2 {# S8 e7 R/ w1 ^/ e, P4 X- ~四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

Derothy: Look it's raining!
# S) _; P7 B% g/ \, q
Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
1 _& u7 M8 |! a3 v2 y
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

1 g! H; ?, W* O* {5 PDonald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

3 R( r+ Z- F. P4 e- o5 oDerothy: So we can.

5 k6 _+ n; A5 dDonald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
0 X, O. ^8 ?( w, K5 w, c+ C+ v
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
0 }: X3 y* K" `8 K) c) s- ^
Denald: Yes, let's.

- W5 H0 g+ {# t- |# g; ~  W* ]: PDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.

Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
, e0 L9 N  `4 Y* V+ }, _
; D* O  n' B; f4 y7 g$ BDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
1 Y, d# |# h9 c6 u% {/ m
( l5 t* K  s6 g; c; |Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

! f2 i6 J' d2 Q% `5 F$ vDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
* R' J. L# r) }8 q) }
* K' j. {$ j6 C* vDorothy: It's the postman.
8 F8 X, ?& F2 b3 a' H+ C' ]/ O
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

) d, g( V& _6 W7 \Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

9 O: I" @" m& `! B. M2 \% s9 i" W' |Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!

Dorothy: Nor do I!
0 U3 n7 r+ r! e. \
2 @( [% T" t& {4 ^Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
! a5 i$ L6 W* ^+ ^
  y8 J; ^' ]8 v: N6 [1 wDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

2 |0 D8 C. G$ ODonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
$ k* m% A# a0 F. h- P6 h9 X
. G, E8 X! L' J! l6 ADorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
; Q6 o. f" {5 I6 G0 w/ z
Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

1 B7 _& I( v! a. N: iDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.