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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! 1 ]; a4 k# v, \4 O- I
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一、厕所
: Q; [/ j, M1 m f ~" F* }0 R$ N 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 7 l6 `& j, Q3 @. F# ]( D% x( }
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 1 R6 x c$ X6 \- ]: O
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 5 U h' d# T8 O6 f( r* f
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医生或许也会问: % R! Z7 m8 I/ w* _ a0 Y8 U! p
Do you have trouble urinating?
! d; v) k' r& |3 o: U =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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) `2 s/ V% o1 z% S; P 此外,还有其他的说法:
% B# w6 P) `! ]" q9 C8 `, L to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: + L3 R( _1 @, ~
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
. F4 }) }# A; @- {7 @3 J * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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1 S c ^$ g. N 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
7 U6 P0 D4 L" c. o, y' [$ M6 z * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 1 Q! G: x7 v! x$ P
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
& g" }+ H G. X% } 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 5 N; u* a5 w& m& J
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 / \' }- R/ K( C: w: M6 _
6 e2 ^: L1 T' t- C, i. x 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 6 Z% g7 Z- A0 X9 P2 L" e" }% |9 q
* The boy needs to pee.
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3 |5 a* C- N% e7 d& o- {7 O 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: " {- B3 r( _+ o- q2 }
* Do I need a urine test?
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0 y* X. o7 J5 b: `: G4 S$ f 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
, T8 t# M. b8 L1 Q5 z8 z0 K * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 5 W$ l/ e' _% v. a4 `
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) " E3 k. S5 Z! g: g
2 X: l( v- `/ S; L+ K& S ~; v 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ( n5 ~/ A. \( m9 O( l, Q
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 4 M' u4 k+ H! O/ w5 _* ~7 y% R: |
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) , ^! x' ]' H4 q
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 0 t0 ^* v* n y+ q( h+ D; Z0 t$ T7 I# h
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
' N' ^+ {$ O- X# k. g 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
3 v) J2 b* K4 ?' ? to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
! C( E4 h: G/ j- b2 |! Q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
1 Y* M S" \% W( E8 H) N/ o: ^( ? * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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" O9 A# T% \' E4 @ 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 3 i! v8 m. w4 t8 W. g$ r+ v
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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$ R1 {# i; }, C7 K# O! L 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
9 L f6 Q# R, B' }; G * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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a' K0 l# z+ p- @$ C 四、放屁
) D& p; y1 Y9 ]( ^6 A1 k) f 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 8 t- g% K$ g6 P
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ' K. `# z; X# b1 w4 Y1 P+ z
你放屁的次数很多吗?
6 v6 B( j3 E9 d3 T) ? * Is the gas expelled by belching?
; i7 _ K2 X5 Z0 H; Y( K( Q' U( @1 P7 O 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
) Z- `- R4 l3 q% c l5 N * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
! ^4 O1 L* i H* t7 A0 T: i7 Q! } _ 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
( T1 Q. G, U( R" p( d# b * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. ! u" l7 j' G/ `! R- c+ F1 v
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
. a1 a* {8 r2 ]5 S: ~: ] * Be careful not to fart in the public.
% e+ ^- u; h' I8 @5 b2 B 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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- ?4 b q( p: E% G 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
3 R/ M: R/ w# V3 ] * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 9 Z. ]% @' T4 [8 x, j7 E
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
- t0 S5 p; l3 [3 u; x8 ?8 m 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. }; {# W; X6 ^+ f- }" i
胃不舒服有两星期了。) 4 W" o+ c- \* J$ R1 W8 m
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
( |: S/ O' q$ D( }, _ 他经常便秘。) 或 0 }! V9 [$ L4 ?/ R# h7 R) j
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 5 t O# {& d C5 |( n- {. j
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ; p) ^1 Q5 @/ q, f' f2 Y7 _3 _; h
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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0 f6 L. A- e9 e( n* W6 { * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
q; d' [8 f: ` O/ M 他拉了一阵肚子。
+ P6 E9 b2 l$ P% t5 B7 C$ f * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
) f* s2 n) A, C, T( I$ W 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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