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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ! h$ u1 ]% U( B( o" M
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一、厕所 5 `' w/ g t: {+ \) ^. Y
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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" V. @9 k s& T7 y3 J3 G6 U2 B 二、解小便 # ]9 \: O/ w1 i, z( ?0 m) d( f
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
* }1 J4 c. \7 x: H Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: 8 j0 F# j9 ?8 }- p
Do you have trouble urinating? 8 h1 n9 ]; I0 n1 n; W6 W! N) n" u2 r
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 1 Q5 y: o/ R# t" q0 J0 ]4 Z" g2 l
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此外,还有其他的说法:
# Q3 m& Z8 b* ?6 F5 s; @, J to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
6 w5 e D. q2 m3 [, H' T' L * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. + K2 K4 e* b9 b& Q7 x& R7 w; P
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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" }- B' ~) y$ \! M2 R; K+ v) K 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
h3 D4 q# X% j. ]0 e/ ?# B * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
) w- O: ^0 S2 Z+ p' D" A' B+ | 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ) }9 x: K4 u- \0 B5 w
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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O: ?4 h8 D6 l1 C& C * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. # G0 u: w' l) r+ N5 ^' X
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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) e% b2 G/ N4 E9 z1 f9 G 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
, F2 U$ h5 I l+ n$ i6 f$ X$ I * The boy needs to pee.
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8 y: T# S" O, M! S. J 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
& Y* I+ r! `4 s2 ?# x7 j @ * Do I need a urine test? 2 J/ O& {0 e6 L( p0 M1 ~9 E
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: * i( y6 {: e7 W) K7 h- G" ?$ ]
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
8 W! r& G: |3 o# k2 N * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
6 Z V! P& d1 L- J * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
: Y$ h+ U4 [2 |! w * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
5 k+ d" t6 d; }/ } * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
. `# a$ b7 d5 c* F) {" _ N * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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/ N ]! A6 i7 i, m 三、解大便
9 }. F7 {0 T) X1 s9 [4 y! @ 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: 0 O1 @4 c2 N: u7 T% {/ h
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 9 H* a5 |3 c7 F& Y3 W- x# L. G
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: . }: h& g8 K2 D' ~: b1 Q
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 8 F& |# Y' `) C- o
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 9 ~2 F+ l8 {/ c/ d9 H6 t
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
5 D$ q8 A6 b& m: I6 `9 K) ~ A * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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* U7 \( h; P! z) S: U% _ B: R 四、放屁
( f1 o: W) M- _% @ F 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: & _1 M+ y# Z; J( r
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
( i. }2 x, h8 _. D& y2 x 你放屁的次数很多吗?
4 p, e: m; K8 I3 H% A; M( g, ], } * Is the gas expelled by belching?
- o' \9 m* g) O+ H; ]6 y# e 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
' M g! v* D$ J# U! F$ J$ I1 c * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
( R# e& D. H9 \/ V* t 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 ! V. V4 Y% O# m# X' b
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 6 y8 n; a. z" B
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
+ N [$ }: P$ k e * Be careful not to fart in the public.
( a) q% Q' ~; u/ g2 k' O' C& R' r- s 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 5 m; z+ w3 B4 b* o
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ( D* S+ j. l) m
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
: k% J% k% `4 {" R3 @9 T = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. , a0 C; t5 k5 C8 L5 ? U
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
$ ^& z- O4 O. ]2 {7 U2 S$ M8 i 胃不舒服有两星期了。) / y* P! J- j( v: v4 T/ y# |
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
. o, Z W" M E4 {% Z f 他经常便秘。) 或 # U8 q$ W: r2 N: f6 v
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 6 S6 V$ b: M/ ]$ S" {; ~/ H
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
2 V" v5 Q0 o$ S, y * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ! \& N. H7 m! t# s/ }
5 f* Y( ?) a5 V/ A * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. / h+ [: n9 F% {# O
他拉了一阵肚子。 4 k& [ h& Y9 `
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) ! v5 h d T) ~6 ^+ Y0 h* \
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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