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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! ) p9 x# c$ W: t6 h. G: H3 O0 i7 Z
# @5 Z5 Y9 |( e" K% x 一、厕所
! r7 `( L# L5 S 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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/ }4 n9 n1 e& E% ^* h& s8 n 二、解小便 . [% a0 D$ \2 `+ a- b
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
7 ]5 S/ o4 S8 H; P Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: 5 P5 s5 P" l! x5 p
Do you have trouble urinating? ) H1 X0 P( d# S8 o
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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: p+ l3 Q4 Q3 E+ m5 F8 k 此外,还有其他的说法: , E7 @ j( }' S0 Y$ J/ [' S7 N
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
( B; {: f( @; S * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. & X: x x1 g7 U1 _4 G: Q' k* I) ~
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
( i- q( _$ _8 I% V& m0 ? * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 7 W3 _/ x( ~6 V' E/ k* Z
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. % Q6 ]) T2 I: J; @
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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" H5 V. Z3 o% {% i * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 1 E$ e( z) [2 S* O8 M0 r
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ( U5 z+ n- A0 i* W: `! W6 z& {
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
+ q5 a8 ~) ~8 R+ ~+ V* h * The boy needs to pee. - ?2 L* n2 m# b2 R& Y
6 T/ r. h* P/ F" ?- y 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 4 c# {9 j9 D) `& [2 y
* Do I need a urine test? ( w( P1 d) n- c* a+ b- d
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 0 R0 ]9 b( `# w+ D9 p3 e/ Q
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
5 }! S0 v- e ~: J * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) ' g+ e" {# R- c& J; R0 j9 H3 |
$ p# }) ^) O4 g/ I: L( @8 E" a 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ) F' L5 g# g2 }! ~4 J w1 d
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 8 X2 m8 N3 j2 F* Z( F
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 1 `8 S, I1 y! x7 S
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
+ V7 [* l/ F& [- R * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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- Y* \, ^: o* K/ \% K 三、解大便 & w: v ^, A' S7 f. x
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ' e- q. U9 t! B7 E7 }1 ^
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ) d7 E+ E, Z k$ \' K5 f* x9 O
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ! q. i' f9 R& r/ L! X4 T. D
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ; C% C1 T; u! v- v3 J1 A- s
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 2 f$ b3 Z; s/ s
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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5 o0 }1 V, \6 g7 H 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 9 c# h% n$ [+ g6 @9 R6 ~2 M& w
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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2 E# a; p& {# ] 四、放屁 9 A4 d0 J1 C. E
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
( d/ M9 p' I0 Y' W8 w% \ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
+ Z4 g$ u; M0 O4 y* m 你放屁的次数很多吗?
1 h: }: N& n( | E4 I * Is the gas expelled by belching?
6 Q+ [! K& H6 R$ L4 [ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
7 c8 R! X6 }5 N/ d# D( N4 {" s * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 Q6 M- j6 {. M; p2 C& k 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 9 u" K0 Z( F& o6 V0 i
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
( ?1 H) k% B* j$ n/ G- K8 d 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
2 C( M @, i1 m {$ _( \3 i3 d9 w0 R5 k * Be careful not to fart in the public.
: _) o2 }" b) \9 U* n: h* v5 L 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
) U+ L# f$ a8 u7 H' _+ Z5 V* W * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
% I% R7 h8 ~; H+ N, L/ l, s& p4 T = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
7 f% Q# k& z) L: G7 l! ^' @- P 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) * e% u F8 E- i' u* V3 B
2 v8 U1 H- g" _5 A+ m6 ^" J * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. , z* A* _7 V4 }8 X6 }8 |, Z
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
& }+ g8 N j9 t& i * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
! k, W C' Y3 D5 s+ m3 E0 f d 他经常便秘。) 或
" i% w& J5 S- E0 |& q" j v' w0 o/ Y * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
. C7 V; b7 X$ ]" E$ T8 [) a1 i: i * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 , r* c+ ^7 [' n
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ?7 Z8 U" y" G d2 R6 [( {8 \
! @, }# p5 N K3 {" p9 K8 U Z1 [ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. # U/ _& V7 t( v0 e- @2 {) r
他拉了一阵肚子。 # z1 r: X# X) \' k, O5 a, u& Z* N
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) - o9 V; ]0 L+ a& ]9 R4 v
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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