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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! & x, \0 u' H% N. I7 |; c
! B, ^/ b& ^7 K, r* O/ w, h) j 一、厕所
* u" [6 P" W; o A 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便
) {( o3 h. A8 f2 }" K' v7 A, A 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ; R; C/ q8 u W2 s' {
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ; q) q7 Y! A5 N# s) O3 ^
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医生或许也会问: 7 s8 u8 T. ~" h
Do you have trouble urinating?
) D4 b4 q- ^. a1 Y: }$ C/ H =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) $ z9 _) h2 a2 U& S. {
7 a' X. o8 ?5 ~# l3 v# |/ _# S 此外,还有其他的说法: . ]0 G0 {# G0 v) Z0 R* Z! p
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
0 { q& o9 T+ F- q: Z" j6 p8 r * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
+ J! [: }/ ^# W2 [+ E * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
2 V& |9 M2 i" n; |! `$ k! G7 J, g * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
) m; E$ W7 L/ ~' ~+ J& l D 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 - c( e5 j* X e+ P# a' }3 f$ D
- f/ [8 I0 b: \ * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
9 ^! N' o; l: v 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 " g; X. W s: M# ~; G- e
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ) [/ J1 h0 H. Z: s3 l/ b2 i3 h* [
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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( M( N$ r/ H# s: o+ ? 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
8 h3 l0 O! p' T3 I H * The boy needs to pee. 6 V7 _7 F9 q1 M5 H5 v' M+ l
5 K6 U1 h$ u5 C C* [% j 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
/ f* }8 F5 `3 v8 { * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
" O9 M) L/ E/ Y$ ^) L0 } * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
! ~3 C2 {# U" b3 w * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) * n+ l$ I% t/ A* j1 v
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
2 g& f3 T' e4 Z* D2 k0 Q/ B# _ * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) a+ d# Z0 z' x/ z; _. n
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
C1 ?0 d8 X* \ * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
; A! r& D: b$ _ * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) $ {" S& a& T0 K" C, I+ U7 V9 f
) ]+ H* G% U0 R 三、解大便 : I2 p3 Q# |6 V6 M C. R4 r0 Z
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
, ]0 l% P) J$ f; a to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
# j& I) |3 k U2 F9 f% Q =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 5 ^, L# y: P) }
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) 2 o, V: u! V8 _
Z: r' G" J! ~4 N9 M+ i 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: , I/ C' ^9 @- Z7 g: d3 T
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / P, W, I! ^1 \4 l8 H" ~6 h
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
) o0 D R4 i/ M) s9 P * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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) i* S; H0 y' X) K) e6 |7 e 四、放屁 ( z7 g+ ^: W+ Z4 }( x& q9 F" U' h
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: # I$ v8 m1 m1 S" ^% `4 K0 Y! h+ ], W
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ; V1 R) u( X! Y
你放屁的次数很多吗?
4 W' S" n9 |& g$ V * Is the gas expelled by belching? & p2 x1 f" s- c! P% F
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) : ]- \" H& _) B- E# o h) }
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 2 p) k! H9 j) I4 v, S9 {
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 + y4 ?8 S8 M/ C% s# e! r# N, Z
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
" J1 |' r* V! G- L( k# l 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 : K9 p0 P V: W( P# v4 ?( m
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
. w% W0 X6 h" i5 b% |* C# V: @ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ) }' T7 Q1 ^5 D0 l8 p: U
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
* m! J+ `+ }' m! ]. |# d = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. - ^8 C2 {) V1 d2 b
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ! Z/ o, y C5 F5 D. |
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
0 H/ Y& n- p$ t ^$ S3 f" d * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) - n3 a/ z2 U, M7 R4 v
他经常便秘。) 或 ; d* L+ ^+ @ M1 L: e2 w9 j
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
1 t# W5 b, H7 ~$ @5 z' I * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
2 L! ^1 ^8 t U- B0 F2 _ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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9 A1 L' d4 w$ K; ], M0 A * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 5 W% J% C, d' a) }4 g! i; T
他拉了一阵肚子。
) l X, r# T) W# S; Q6 c * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
7 ]8 t k& R7 j+ ]7 y. \ 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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