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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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* X D) ?' _. }+ k8 `* G+ r/ o! A 一、厕所
! v) h3 v% b2 D9 T 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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9 F9 `% l: n) r- n 二、解小便 & s. r" t+ {4 M* ?! e9 v
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: . Q4 B2 ~4 a* Q, h$ y* `' ?2 o
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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$ ]# y2 c, c# P5 H 医生或许也会问: 0 j# c* L0 w$ ~* c0 X
Do you have trouble urinating? & u0 z3 \0 | ~7 W3 i `
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) . r6 u/ D+ y! ^
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此外,还有其他的说法:
+ V( V* u+ S4 P x% O; E to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
; @+ h& n6 Z/ o: R2 {+ B: s h * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 0 L, K7 Q4 n+ _. F# I+ c0 P
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ; l( p# H+ w! u3 O
9 |6 d7 z7 N, u% U, | 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 4 s+ b* u. y+ W5 R6 Q9 p5 s
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
s3 [! [0 \% P& d 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 : L3 B- S V* m! k+ H
; G& W, i" G$ t% t/ {2 s * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 4 Y; [) {) L# |# |5 A$ e/ {9 ^3 n7 ^5 d4 Z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 / A6 L L) t4 c; O- D
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
5 }5 D s$ o* h8 W6 A7 ]2 k7 e 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 , W0 D7 L& N: ]0 E
1 R* K) L; z+ _# ^ 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ( I- v7 y3 b( r* k8 W2 {
* The boy needs to pee. + x/ j9 F( u y. H* Q- l9 p
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
2 y* S6 {- p$ Y4 P2 C* G8 d * Do I need a urine test?
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, S& M3 z3 P; q/ [' }! A1 d5 | 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 1 V6 v- k' x; K; O4 T
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. % d1 p# _! N! E Z
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
$ h+ ^5 T- O- w * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ) Q3 f: L) n% c9 ]# p0 ~
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
. O- ~5 J/ x* g& a4 {5 Z& n' H * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
/ n3 B3 q$ ?9 r: D4 g. P3 C * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
; M# J! r" u' w+ f% T2 f0 D" m* O/ V 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: + ?& [* Y0 R' P- {1 ?
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 9 |$ H9 h# h; w+ A
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 2 L2 {# S' ? M9 ]+ {
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
: W4 V# S. v' X2 l& I6 ? * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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8 r7 G, }4 ]3 k5 R8 H 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
( Z0 q( g r" t+ w' U * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁
9 B& e: U5 H& z% ? 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: * o. O7 F1 o u3 c+ p% h* W7 V4 T- {
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
/ y5 ?9 O* j) |1 o) T 你放屁的次数很多吗?
, `( A) O, l/ H3 s * Is the gas expelled by belching? . m U) ?, I+ ?
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ) T& [" v3 ?4 Q! N7 Z
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 6 _" B0 l2 W3 W7 H- p% w
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 7 t' p( ?! M7 C6 z- o
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. + I- ^/ q% r D& d
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
( n; _, e' |: a * Be careful not to fart in the public.
7 o! r5 H, O- @% \, h 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 / S5 I$ O% F! j8 _3 W8 p
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 4 z6 e4 L- s' h$ \ \, ~2 @( B
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
1 f( [+ y' J5 C6 I = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 1 w8 n8 R4 R8 k& j2 M" j" @
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 9 m" O) g* t* B% S0 P4 ]/ c4 C
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
! z' \- i! R5 ^) j, { 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
4 U: ~4 g& M( [3 T9 U! s- c * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
' S: ~+ D8 I- r; q6 I 他经常便秘。) 或
6 s% a; S; R8 P$ W * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
, f8 Q! p! P' {3 O+ P+ N. x8 D1 l$ n * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ) i% A) g* w; L& ^) |
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
- {+ _% R( v/ M+ c% G& |. d 他拉了一阵肚子。
8 m( M! {! k4 z4 \ * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # c) Y% e* T2 A7 @8 v) o$ D
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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