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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 2 j4 v ^- [$ ]& y' X1 U
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9 T1 b* y% I# gCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?) o/ d/ p. r- q# ` p/ X
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
% O% q- h' e) D% s7 G: }Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.1 S5 g! R( A9 C6 {0 J6 y* F
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.% D4 A' {" x; g/ x2 ?
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.0 N( ~; z/ s! t
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.3 W5 [9 b4 T' ?' t
The country codes used are :" c3 P5 O+ j) m7 r" Y. j
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CODE \COUNTRY
+ a$ n3 U3 U; x6 o" J00-13 USA & Canada2 b; a$ S- B) M1 b" u
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
8 U: j& G* H+ @% H" \; C+ {' I, u30-37 France( @& i: `! Q+ x* Z- C5 l- G' d
380 Bulgaria
, Y4 _7 g8 W. Y& W( q0 E383 Slovenia4 u3 h, f& b4 u( d' }5 [
385 Croatia
! U; t! S* U e' \! M387 Bosnia-Herzegovina$ c3 x. j$ G N) n/ E
400-440 Germany+ H4 X) V+ A s% _, \" V
45 Japan0 j# N2 F. n7 E* W9 z* X+ a+ B
46 Russian Federation% o. u8 z7 n! M% c1 l0 {4 `' e
471 Taiwan
% ]: [( _. N y- p474 Estonia0 K! b6 }9 {: N, H; }! c8 o7 z
475 Latvia x" _' g- g/ n* W Z& ]& [
476 Azerbaijan# R: n; u- V! b& T& |
477 Lithuania3 ?- ?* V, B" r1 b( Z
478 Uzbekistan
0 l$ E" M" L+ M0 g$ g. f479 Sri Lanka
|& \# h3 S3 D& y* ~: r, N480 Philippines
- w* E7 a& ~3 a$ ]6 R481 Belarus6 w: ^2 ~& T Z& J
482 Ukraine
0 S0 l7 }: N, Q& n8 M6 z* X. f/ Q484 Moldova
9 C' c+ l6 W6 p% Y485 Armenia
- f' U5 |& ~9 d8 f. O486 Georgia+ V. `$ L L' q8 D* \! x4 S/ n5 R
487 Kazakhstan
& F3 _8 J" T8 d3 e- `% c489 Hong Kong
5 I- s( h' k8 f+ ^49 Japan5 [( X/ R. c. Q' Y' H
50 UK
3 I7 e2 J0 h/ w5 a V. d a& U; l520 Greece! _9 ~6 x9 |" r" R* V/ F
528 Lebanon5 r; |+ M% }. g! m1 d4 v' A* g& ?
529 Cyprus2 @4 g @- E5 Z7 e3 N! a9 V
531 Macedonia
" Y4 g9 x3 R* L" j0 u535 Malta
% r0 y C9 K. E) B1 c539 Ireland/ O" F/ G# W' ~7 Z2 y* n: r' c
54 Belgium & Luxembourg+ ~# H/ {) t4 @7 p
560 Portugal
) b; E; D. U7 H4 Y( |, S, G% j569 Iceland
1 a+ q9 ^7 `) _' ~8 Z9 B/ ?57 Denmark6 n' ?1 j0 \# M: ?4 U
590 Poland
0 L8 E4 C' X: U3 E594 Romania
" u. f: Y! S$ D599 Hungary* u/ U( ^+ w7 n3 K4 k! T
600-601 South Africa
+ h& n6 P% R7 f, v: t; E609 Mauritius9 b* i5 T. f& I2 v; U
611 Morocco6 d5 N/ P% L! \! ^/ G
613 Algeria
) m* a- @3 R9 }! z619 Tunisia1 ^! P/ C0 V7 G3 _
621 Syria$ C p; D) ?" S: L" B5 D, x
622 Egypt
% `' W1 w6 q; X. ]1 S, s Q624 Libya1 F* g. z$ E: {; R5 z1 B2 u
625 Jordan
; d" Z d9 E& A626 Iran' p; Q- B) D% h& B; z
627 Kuwait
# K+ k. T" M1 s" D- A+ |7 F628 Saudi Arabia% l/ g( S6 }4 \1 R
629 United Arab Emirates, |2 l0 p* u' o; h# ~5 ~6 L
64 Finland9 ^# ]) ]+ z+ V b! t, \6 M" R: j/ N
690-692 China
1 T/ t0 |* Z5 F) z1 G70 Norway, z/ U" s0 m+ D0 m- B
729 Israel. `* ~$ E( h1 S2 g0 V9 c& |- ?
73 Sweden2 s5 T$ _% [# h1 v- C- @
740 Guatemala. A [! ^- A Q$ a
741 El Salvador6 y: I3 ~0 {' ^$ F5 u
742 Honduras5 p# N' p) Z! i7 ]7 e# E- d
743 Nicaragua
% H4 \9 b0 k: U& z3 d744 Costa Rica
- ^! |. Z. Y4 O6 c1 K5 }745 Panama
4 Y. i' V- A+ Z; K- E( C746 Dominican Republic& n- o0 ] N' I# E
750 Mexico
1 {" K4 V& l" H+ [& v759 Venezuela$ _2 E: i- [" `3 [
76 Switzerland
& i0 u, G, `: }4 Q R770 Colombia2 |7 @- Q* E1 e1 z' q8 c) [9 J
773 Uruguay
# F& B1 z. E* E2 j775 Peru& a* R. `# p) H+ B# f6 L9 s
777 Bolivia
0 G/ ?4 R" W0 `7 h V779 Argentina2 e' a! c% ~9 R$ u. e$ F
780 Chile# p0 a; f' F* Q0 L
784 Paraguay3 q0 n( G* G5 k( H6 J1 H9 B" n5 x
785 Peru
' \6 F2 {8 g! n& }. D4 \/ |4 Y6 Q786 Ecuador
0 i$ J4 u, f2 z4 h. c1 D789 Brazil
: P1 M) ?9 T9 U6 D7 ~80-83 Italy i* w& O' l, |) C/ }/ V7 r
84 Spain
0 l! m, q6 k' W+ U850 Cuba
8 i+ V" m6 Y# V+ y+ V" T4 l4 ^/ ]858 Slovakia
) k& z9 o- c/ C859 Czech Republic. k% Q7 E: i4 G3 O
860 Serbia & Montenegro! r$ K! C9 e2 _6 b3 m: ?9 G/ A1 a* a
869 Turkey3 e6 ]6 J/ ]% y' ^
87 Netherlands" Y- w$ A% ^# B! r
880 South Korea! P3 k6 Q2 S; r3 |( e& ^
885 Thailand, M' `" W( Q0 o( [
888 Singapore
# c9 \4 _ O9 I( v2 L* o- w& a890 India
' z$ G8 ^: p" M% P* q, l893 Vietnam- K2 q/ n5 p. Z4 [
899 Indonesia
8 a5 D. _% H2 s+ s90 -91 Austria
7 V5 _% H l. S6 j& Y0 v! @93 Australia
5 G2 D9 m7 A( [$ |94 New Zealand8 Z; H0 R8 j- L' D3 v
955 Malaysia& B7 r# j, V! f
958 Macau# l* ]1 u& j' {, ?" {7 T* V Z
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)- x8 O0 a2 f% I
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)1 z9 o. T8 a1 R7 v
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm8 c) A. H" _: w7 w
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