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How to figure a home's fundamental value' _$ o0 ? K4 v2 R2 V
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued. N7 u! _) h1 [
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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& t }* L+ B: nTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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9 S" W, H* i8 s1 m/ \( E# zIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
, V. I" s1 u2 l% H% E. }) k7 x' {* ySan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
! Z- \" r0 Y* R: @New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.7 h9 B7 R0 t4 L( g- ?3 y
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.% I C" ]) ^! s6 l" K
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.7 O- B0 X7 p7 p1 i- m
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ; W4 K) f p) m6 s) g% S
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 G8 \% v& M8 ]% `; \/ P
Boston 20.5 30.2 ; ]) I F/ }( [0 B8 A
San Diego 22.8 29.7
) {# q$ d% X$ Z+ s, N2 pSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 + U; L. h4 @! ~, A& {
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 % z8 o+ x* z3 ?8 Y' c
Seattle 20.4 25
, e0 q; m& i uDenver 17.7 23.7
1 j7 G2 H0 u9 D9 o+ yNew York 21.2 22.5
* p+ Z, T+ B. V1 t' `5 QChicago 17.2 20.8
/ A9 V, G; E3 e8 I8 y2 PWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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