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How to figure a home's fundamental value6 W+ x8 [& Q9 \
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.; s7 z* Q( B1 y6 k5 M6 y
8 j/ ]5 P( e& \Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.) t* L1 G7 e# z! ?0 N* S9 r0 k
$ w0 ^, a( |% qTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:" {& M L+ q H1 ]+ q8 g
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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( I2 ]! A& ?; S0 P# \+ @" @San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.8 R; z$ D0 R( J) C$ E
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.0 c- ?" e! V) {8 V$ s
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
, y* V# f( D2 y; g& n# \You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.0 T* c! [6 W }- A# B$ B# g7 X
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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$ s) y7 x ?* m! |4 T0 J% HBoston 20.5 30.2 c, t' x! ~0 p; z L* y: P* h
San Diego 22.8 29.7
, e$ v! Y. G1 }9 |" lSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
7 V# L' w' I2 Y+ W( R5 n, LLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
" j% e. x- V; G0 ]0 \0 }* HSeattle 20.4 25
2 u, {* |4 g: wDenver 17.7 23.7
% K. g8 f$ S& A' B4 I' B# Q INew York 21.2 22.5
$ n2 ?. e' C2 v6 C9 |1 LChicago 17.2 20.8 " I3 \* A& e7 N' z$ b7 O
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 7 W# X& @4 X8 Z! o
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( A$ a4 P1 ~+ T3 p+ ^: x& P1 RIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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