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How to figure a home's fundamental value
% ]4 U9 j+ T" pLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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8 u, z5 G3 W9 z4 INot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.$ k% h- r4 m8 E
$ W# f$ `2 x, c) L( I9 z2 xLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.* `1 ?; N+ O) G ?0 o- c# z3 N
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:- b; G( {% Y/ v% E& ?$ x/ j" p
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; h( s8 ]1 T8 H% w! D8 e, T# S; FIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.( ], f/ m2 |0 n: C6 \0 F* D! D
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
6 | R) c0 q& @* t! q7 \+ [New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
D2 Q$ X- s) U% \You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. + p, \' K. p9 @4 g( O8 a
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.4 o! z. a0 r* d$ p8 m
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.! j' ^9 D3 Q- z* |+ z$ [
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
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Boston 20.5 30.2 : x u; [% l' t# F/ m. M; h4 z
San Diego 22.8 29.7
* z, j2 q9 P" h0 RSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 : }3 [, k, L7 F- S$ \
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 0 Z$ M7 ~4 ~% [, h" z
Seattle 20.4 25 ! I& z9 X2 j' n
Denver 17.7 23.7 7 E( A C( C; t5 q
New York 21.2 22.5 7 L7 |6 e' P: U% X9 }
Chicago 17.2 20.8
2 @" E7 z3 R i$ bWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.7 r& u& G x* ~' L; ]0 W( h
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; Z9 r- X8 S0 z1 rFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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