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How to figure a home's fundamental value
1 B" g0 p# `% H+ W1 v1 b! nLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.% O$ i9 A" P( q
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently." A/ Y* a7 r4 j7 l' n V
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
8 Z9 _2 `8 P U. Y- mSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
+ U! ]8 B0 k& R, e! H. JNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
3 b2 l/ Z0 i+ @! E* yYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ' m1 T0 `3 T6 n
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas / q2 L& \' ~6 p( w1 ]- _2 ` s
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 2 ]3 L8 _: o: R9 Y
Boston 20.5 30.2 5 |- B2 ]. _& D! [
San Diego 22.8 29.7
4 a! k5 y" x2 Y8 j- `San Francisco 23.8 27.2
* ?9 @& U1 Z* A2 ?9 v k# `) QLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 2 K" s: ?5 n* @ S5 M) Y
Seattle 20.4 25 # I/ X- j! j* g# M' b
Denver 17.7 23.7
% U; ?( Q. I1 N; BNew York 21.2 22.5 7 |0 {. X6 n2 W, X0 K& f# K
Chicago 17.2 20.8 8 M. E1 `4 Q. H% @9 I8 ]; i0 ~( ]
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 - D$ o0 P; P$ r/ I! M
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0 ] x7 ~+ ~1 k% Z9 k. T) TIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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