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How to figure a home's fundamental value
+ W# P$ k& D( TLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.: R6 T. g1 R9 ]0 s+ v Q9 k: t3 z
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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. Z$ Q6 q$ f6 E* J4 G9 l" p. Y1 PLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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* e. Z. f n( Q: KTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:( g; u* Q% ?5 Z( x, Q `9 P. c
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.! q. N5 j0 _7 p9 R. e8 E
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
( ]$ ^$ y R: `1 q3 Y% Z# V: C' cNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
- d7 ~) |' H+ m0 N! }" o5 AYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. ( q4 m! R" A( b" Z$ {
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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1 ?; c! M2 ]0 sIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 0 g/ x" J+ |' b+ V
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 + p4 S2 G& f% {% g- L
Boston 20.5 30.2 $ M) D4 C* Y* C7 M% U+ f
San Diego 22.8 29.7 / f1 p9 K6 R, G* l0 D0 J
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 , ?# j( t* e4 g2 X1 v. z
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
) c, _3 P3 y G9 Z+ R8 R4 ^Seattle 20.4 25
& g" t+ \! `1 H4 [( Q9 e ^Denver 17.7 23.7 0 e, z; g2 `' ]7 {4 E v# ]
New York 21.2 22.5
8 v8 K+ p- P& `' E( e x# TChicago 17.2 20.8
* Y4 G7 \# t; U4 HWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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1 q9 G3 J* z6 L# ^9 v: ZFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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