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( k; {& B2 G ~8 n# h/ f, _5 V5 thttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106889 D, |- T7 c- n7 ^) g0 u5 o) s
5 y6 D l4 d+ DJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
1 }# O8 i; ~: x5 v1 p1 k pYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 ~6 v+ i L2 G0 o$ D; E
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.; S5 e. b6 m4 C3 D7 y
/ j7 t1 t. Y, {/ ?* J. L. ULI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) a* s: r# a4 \Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.9 c1 Z& J+ x5 M) J% m( G
0 @2 I+ V5 G" t& pSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .# }; X A9 D3 S2 J
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018/ ?1 ^$ z" A; O2 @: ^( z
Published online 26 January 2018, {+ C u: z: j+ @ f3 M$ S" G
2 l2 B6 ?7 p3 H% \1 b5 {
1 u( K' x) ^9 U& UAbstract
7 |+ S& t- ?% a8 P1 ^John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing7 H/ g( v9 P: O; T5 ]
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The+ w- O. \$ S. Z# p3 a
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
6 R {+ \. N4 tengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not* x3 T' \( {" {2 C3 D
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
' ]0 Y. p$ ]$ K) W+ x/ b$ U! zworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly/ E- q# ?. X/ o* E& ]' T5 F
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
( u, L" b0 I( v" w& {2 }1 H" utranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s, P2 M" q! }* u% ]! |
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,! B* {' n" k0 H7 Y
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the+ O' P7 h4 B+ Q, Y+ E3 i7 X$ ~
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
1 w8 s) c% |# oin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien6 ^0 g8 p! i! D# x* i/ a$ p
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
; B6 y9 H( I! _; p* f% ]of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring. q& }/ m1 ]8 d: i2 _' H6 t
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way$ { \1 I- v- |# a/ y
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
/ C& }8 b& g4 T. }+ \1 mthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a1 v& v5 X* e6 B8 n+ d% l
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
% W. V$ z. h1 e+ @0 j8 vterminology.3 ]8 U9 F- `. _) C6 I0 g
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;/ l: @- H* T: x
Standardization of terminology translation5 h3 V( F: f/ Y' z
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to. f, Z+ x6 V4 i; T
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern, m9 A+ P, Y2 g2 S3 _& Y" x
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
2 J8 P! t; t+ y8 r, {0 h; efrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213. c9 R7 b; m) P6 b
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213! J8 H# M9 M# H' E& S4 @- {4 C
0 u! ?4 M5 ^5 ], c# r( ]" [5 |+ ~
& x- e# S# p4 I' P6 JINTRODUCTION
. w9 {) V/ g' ?- uJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and! z/ |- G- V+ t! i9 s0 W
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
5 H$ Y$ R2 d, \7 i0 M% G9 @2 {Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
' j% A2 T, @, n- c9 H# z1 @Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
: A4 B3 O$ i q2 m% ? x% I- fSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
1 @1 G7 ~, J4 q0 y; X4 q6 c: Bby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
: u2 v' V% \% J" i3 T% ]an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on [( V* l2 R' H! |( Q6 p6 n \* A
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-4 w5 A6 q( f# V- a0 r
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
" f. }6 ?. o- Hworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,. [& d: V! K* Z" u- d" h
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
, h8 v# E) S; p0 D4 mNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
. ~/ a- T; L$ S7 t( s9 Gto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
+ K+ e' s# G6 C: k i& dwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
0 Z, Z# V e6 Y" |( v$ ~revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,2 F, \5 r8 k$ K5 ?
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
q% f9 O0 @4 T; ubooks that made him the most productive one among the
1 R% `; N9 K/ A9 i5 K' xforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,2 c) i' D1 v4 m: S; b' o
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
- E; Z* Z" J r' \3 F6 Dnoble work which could help accelerate the process of
% A4 @+ R& Q5 k" d& N4 Y! ]people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
# K8 t! m& M( Z+ `) OIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
- a5 Y" A# S) }5 i3 a6 c6 [& I* y3 Jalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western2 `. x3 a6 f/ g' E7 W& b
science and the standardization of translated scientific
( {+ T: U3 ?( L; }( Z- y, a" z7 ~/ Q5 a9 }7 rterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
* M2 U7 n( T8 A& rmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
% j4 Z+ z6 k# ]2 N4 W/ L/ Oestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another3 C6 f/ t. j8 V* A+ t
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
: E- o/ ^" Y$ n+ H: r+ E+ Qof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in5 }$ h9 d/ |8 \) z7 H
Modern China.
; p; Y, }# r" U! v* z! b; Z4 P2 ~An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published; O6 F5 R# w' v7 U: Y- W, v3 B
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
$ U8 |4 j+ D+ k4 s+ u; Y; ^travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing8 \+ C+ c6 f4 ~8 \' e. Z
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In) i3 I5 h' A1 o: f
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
. b/ [/ l" A: C8 D% rTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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