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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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: L J4 V) q( h PJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
2 a5 p) q2 S: o* [% q4 r) g# _YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
- p( Q% I5 n! \' TFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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4 U/ M) V( R/ eLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
/ }( l3 z, ^# A# U: k) JFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.) L, n- L) {% y' F/ U: X3 B. Y
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) ., h9 f/ l @ T1 N- C+ [
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20188 r' k* L$ f& a! ?! ~) |
Published online 26 January 2018
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% a5 m0 @1 P; }/ RAbstract- |% D; ~, U9 p1 ]
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing! L: X+ W6 R) ~1 j! g
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
, N1 k6 I" W; t: L( c9 S# \8 yTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been! F0 J& b, D8 h. v: d' g7 }
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not) o0 K2 K% n% F- p, }
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
' P8 T" x) X- F) n! J0 Y" {works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
: e9 d7 y0 h$ @2 L$ E3 xto the standardization of the scientific terminology8 z' q' N; J( l
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s. G" ]" y! H, _, Q0 m
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,* n; b7 W/ B1 o( Z# h
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the: ^, t) R% l# I3 D2 X6 I
standardization of the scientific terminology translation' o* R n% J! c$ q4 n0 Y9 n
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien E6 F0 c8 x( d
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
* c8 ~3 T" R- h R& {of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
, v" d" R& c; e! M% wthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
8 I w' ]1 {" k" |for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and. ]6 Q: n3 U! Z" n( T- K
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
2 z* V% T4 f! @; y$ Mgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific. O" X, ]5 H+ x% `
terminology." c: h/ x$ y3 H& M- r
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;+ m% B' T( P/ n! d
Standardization of terminology translation
- z$ S5 M8 j, p* f. _+ J* J: oYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to' ?8 V1 l# v# C! V& j
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
4 I$ B/ R! e, H7 e, H7 XChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available; _ o" E* D, h/ w
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
! x! {/ O! D4 ?; K, bDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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& {6 i3 B- x9 g8 DINTRODUCTION2 c3 C* ]! K' u% A |' R
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and% Y |* K9 v/ X, {# v1 r' v
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).& ?$ h, |; _0 p$ X# b4 E: N
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
* n) A L( H4 T% r. ^( T$ DHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
( T! n, p2 n6 y4 x1 d; A+ ^St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
. E8 J- V0 U! J1 ]' [by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
) H o* d3 D" ^& _' {4 ean editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
4 w9 f8 C8 M2 Y! Yhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
5 R5 ]* F, S. V0 k+ C1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
# k. d' k* u1 xworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,6 A) W" ]; i L# \; ~: V% M o0 o
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.# ?& e$ h( o0 j! B% K
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
( l8 v+ k# w' D1 Y2 \* S( |% L/ eto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
2 h% V1 V( C) q6 a3 kwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
$ I5 c) E3 z. s; Previse the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
S4 @$ D, T/ J4 x, q. n& T& Q7 N6 p7 XFryer translated more than one hundred of Western) P5 ~! U2 V: c8 H9 I, Z7 ^6 h+ q
books that made him the most productive one among the
" \. @2 q9 D" n/ X$ q+ aforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,' R) K& L$ V- c3 ]+ `
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a' Z8 T3 R: n( |0 Q# Z' @, |- p" [
noble work which could help accelerate the process of/ ]- J: ~, H0 d% z/ y
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).7 L3 L0 k# V0 V. Z+ H* p
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer8 P# L9 d U4 t- U
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
) b, k. c# I7 Q, oscience and the standardization of translated scientific
$ ^' L0 H" e% I2 Wterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
, I7 C6 X4 s; w( d, n. Amagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
% c. V9 P; P, f( Q) C# b+ U/ Mestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
( W6 |7 D9 }9 I9 W7 z+ [contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series/ r0 _. h: L) s9 p( f; e
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in4 ~# X& X. R3 w& Q
Modern China., [. @' B( Y5 Z& l' J5 ?
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published; r- c6 Z% g/ g% t
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
. `$ P# g% p! l5 K- j1 Mtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing1 ?+ u7 Q) z% e& u
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
# n5 Q( F$ z& m9 P& V* {* q9 D1 wJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and: H& h4 P( I0 _) w5 Y% S
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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