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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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: U8 `) n% z9 B- X9 \, ]Proof: + E/ x k/ u t; c- k0 M: t. W
Let n >1 be an integer # `3 \3 z- ~+ L& o
Basis: (n=2)9 K* [& i N6 B( Y2 i
2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3; F& c* N( z0 p+ w
9 E) @' U: L TInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that; o$ ~) B1 o2 V) k# ?
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.$ a$ @8 Q- _6 z. U; A" y
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 33 l. | F4 D) d( ^/ B" j# k
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
$ Z( W, n4 ^) I9 [* J5 w& ~Then we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
: ~0 t8 U/ y0 k. H = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
/ w9 k3 F0 G7 x* e: S" y' W = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)
0 J( }+ T% m+ P+ v/ \: q = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
' q5 u5 p7 T- H# x; R5 Yby Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
' \& U& G. N" u1 j+ i1 @3 P5 mSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)
! g6 B3 U! I4 F. i" p = 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K)
5 ?' |; a: D! O( \4 x- P = 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
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& R" r& n& Q) o2 PConclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.
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[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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