 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士2 o: U9 J9 h) }, X& L0 ]4 `
% u2 Z( O+ G9 n, d P% C
4 Z0 O3 ?1 t7 Z) t
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-12811197 V2 h# w$ ? @
, F6 |( g& e% R- A F( J! i1 S
22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer
4 a; l- t( |; x9 g0 D
`6 S0 \' T+ Y$ w/ g F }5 BScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
0 V$ P! D( c' u$ L
+ r- C$ @. J2 OA study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.6 Z* u7 p/ Q. d$ k; }# f9 p
- o5 i2 B4 R# I' SThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
r2 b; A! ~0 D" e
: z9 h/ g5 {: A: G* D! F0 jThe team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.8 Z; `! L1 e0 z0 a+ B( c! T& B; K
/ B: a1 l8 p" F. CThe result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.' e: d( ~* m! Z
* h# x$ g; d8 w) h
The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
2 C+ F, P* o' H* h+ a" h0 W& @ X- x- A. r3 {* _
Their means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
# {: D1 H: U5 a* E; H" y1 i2 y1 U& o; E
3 l$ r k9 \! L! _1 ?One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages., \4 }( A+ v! G3 G
) M* N4 p& @' Y8 NAt its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.
( Y5 V7 g( b4 n9 P/ C/ Y# v4 z3 A7 D: Y" D. q0 e0 k
\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
8 H! |! |+ u) Z X0 [, U2 ^+ {3 V! |9 E& G/ f
\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
7 r) o$ ?7 T+ D H# `, { U( D/ C! N( F
% U4 L: ^: E- e1 O7 b5 E0 h1 j\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"/ E1 r$ x# c, _5 }
6 R: p& q& d7 ^9 t* l( SDr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"
) v. L% O; ?; l- [$ V
/ e, j- b9 C5 _! u9 w3 {* ?The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.$ ~, B3 E: Y0 ?. O: |9 E t' _
$ P1 |. d [& m7 D& } n: \0 ^* N; kThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them. l% S6 V, w4 g: U% ?6 ^
+ _' F/ i( H+ F) p7 b2 h
And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.- ^" q. T& h; N% a
3 o' B/ o t, x- v( h9 PHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.4 Z+ g' b6 q# I8 @& f
5 r8 z) H4 H* W! m1 j1 `+ z0 _- V
\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
/ z, t6 V4 `( t2 b2 z7 l& e
: q5 U# M' o" c J/ }6 b9 lHowever, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
g4 g: m3 k$ n% H# x6 D* S
# i6 l) S' @! Y. r9 U: F$ w2 ]7 g\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.
+ t. b0 ]" C) \! \
1 p: Z; m8 q" G( p- `* O\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
|