从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

A：I like apples.

0 j+ w+ f/ F' v4 g. G6 @( eB：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
* f+ \2 B4 p1 U. ^/ @5 [2 Z
　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
- {9 S. k& u5 ]. i4 |
1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.

2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

% O" u# h' e: d3 I  e! \" j又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
4 u2 M  i! W- h: \
第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
8 \2 G, n5 g1 z0 Q1 t
6 B5 F8 \% x3 o$ r3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　
: n# m& W* {" a
4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

* T8 I( n2 E) P7 A8 V  N! m如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
1 ~( y0 S3 ^! H+ t0 r  n
---Nor it is!
! R; f: ~  v% u
This cup hasn't got a handle!
% F- o9 M8 m% F& i. M; G% T( G
---Nor it has!
& I4 t# X4 G& ]9 q# |
& x5 o5 `: W; R7 z! h, D6 U四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。
. O: ?" u( f, M
Derothy: Look it's raining!

Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
; j2 B- ^0 T  f) A( r' @# J# x- q$ t
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
: S7 _( }9 O& f; s) }$ X
Derothy: So we can.
) ?3 T, n) o0 k/ j( i- }
Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
9 _4 p. |; Z/ W5 L. i/ R
Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
" v  ^) {/ y: ]- }: f+ x
Denald: Yes, let's.
2 b$ {# [; @9 }7 C$ G
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
5 `& X+ z  F) p/ i3 X8 c/ B* m
Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.

Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

: `$ G( F% a- a0 v: ?1 FDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

; X- x" i3 m, l3 X) @- IDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
6 D6 A# x+ _* X8 J4 D( ?6 e( d
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?

Dorothy: It's the postman.
6 w1 k) ~8 [' k3 C3 ~4 d
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

Donald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
/ H2 N% b/ A, ^9 ?3 _$ h
Dorothy: Nor do I!

) [7 J1 o* W5 z4 I% P! VDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!

Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

# T6 Z: B3 @+ k. I; Q0 KDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.

9 F( ?3 i8 b5 IDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

+ W1 J7 {# Q' G# D) B" a$ }Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
0 H# g& |6 F, p$ j
Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

- d; I% a4 @2 V% SDonald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.