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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 4 `: I% x" T8 c& U) G; U; c
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说： * }. u' t# E2 k9 A. b
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A：I like apples. 6 O# j- r- x+ u/ r& O7 E ^
) @0 m) ~. Y5 ~1 U8 l3 {B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。） % d$ }, a/ s! I' U; W- p" N
( p+ T% b l8 i 这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。 3 g) J, S s( @. n
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 E% t' p0 q: B" l
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. 9 j( c, J3 u) w9 r0 u; j
, Y3 f7 ^ p" d+ P/ h* W2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： + K5 K) @+ K+ L" w1 s8 `' C
: t' ?3 u6 g& Y1 G第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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6 @3 r8 k# r+ P# m M' Q* C$ f第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 : i/ s: P2 h8 H( y
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3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me.
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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---Nor it is! # n9 S" k. X) D/ d& ^. \
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This cup hasn't got a handle!
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---Nor it has! 4 E4 V. X: l6 B2 m/ I+ J1 ?
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 # X) s, A$ c9 g6 d+ v
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Derothy: Look it's raining! ; M( q6 m" d2 r1 t# A
' d% k% k% ~; D4 }6 S2 r! {9 xDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
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; s' m% X3 U$ h% A! s3 ]" I9 z! YDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. " k2 f# U) [, N3 N
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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( ]4 g. q9 f1 i1 E4 x6 N! MDerothy: So we can. 5 X+ P3 E8 J" x/ o4 s& R, \
8 D9 q: F. G# P6 ]Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". I( H+ F2 V% G9 \7 s
4 b$ l8 D: J; D O6 |Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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% Q1 E1 O- i; f/ M! q- VDenald: Yes, let's. + N* n2 R& l+ O
( @8 }5 R, A. v& [# `, ^7 WDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. 7 X" a2 c' x0 n, o
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Dorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6. % {0 t5 B T/ {! i1 f9 N# H, w
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Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
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Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. ' D6 |6 k, ^7 h S8 A$ N
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road? , \- J6 N6 G7 O4 G; |$ C: T* p6 ~# \- v
6 [$ Z* O" h! z! A) ]3 }Dorothy: It's the postman.
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2 `4 \- U8 e( R( x7 GDonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet. ! n0 F* i- n! i
" {& p- a% C4 RDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. : q& s) [" E" [
5 ^; I! ?0 H8 h0 I+ DDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
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: Z! Z8 c$ C- o% p, w9 PDorothy: Nor do I! 0 V" u9 B& f J
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Donald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! , i% J0 Y6 @9 q. `1 Z* o9 {
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Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it. % g- i! ], L) s: y% i3 q
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Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. ; ~! \, j4 D, t5 z
$ i/ r( |! f- o( G* |5 r D1 yDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! 1 X1 i9 C5 e$ p S* S _& I
8 V- _: c9 R$ g0 c0 N- t7 [Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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9 E( n( E# x1 I0 O. D( }4 ?Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange. + B. Q7 r( N" t2 A$ W' g
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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