从"So do I"谈起

sweetspot

两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
9 T4 O2 r1 o  H' A例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

! Y+ ]( K8 Y8 S( ^" h+ A1 f' vA：I like apples.

B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
- m. X9 g6 e0 b; Y
本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。
0 k" u* ]. U2 y4 g. ?: k8 }5 u9 a
+ |# i9 V+ C2 {) ^1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
# ?6 i8 n$ L; |7 W# o- U% X8 d
2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。

8 g, I) n; W4 T7 k3 o又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：

第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)

8 n7 I. C5 ~7 ^+ U  B/ |第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
% I$ k( K  E) K4 G( F6 @4 B
3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

7 l* I: R+ P' x' _9 w7 q4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
% X! l# L0 {  S0 W0 B; |
( C! G/ s3 j+ {* w8 ~& I如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!

---Nor it is!
+ B# j- f8 ?1 f8 `0 n
This cup hasn't got a handle!

0 |/ m' O7 t# ]" j5 y4 ~2 @---Nor it has!
7 P4 s3 H" R6 L" l. x/ E6 ?
四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

* g4 V) \7 |" N+ w) Z9 ^Derothy: Look it's raining!

2 R4 e8 f. |; \" ?: d; CDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.
( r8 [7 n* B" n- O# N1 N  k
Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.
8 ]' T7 q* j" a" a# @8 J
Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

Derothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
( r7 u5 e3 ^9 g3 ?5 X3 P
7 \( w$ z) d% |0 ^Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
8 m, Q) T  a/ c
Denald: Yes, let's.
" C/ x6 p  T/ k6 \6 d' Y+ U
Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
8 w# l5 A" z6 b& J3 U. y$ R
" a* n4 a" \( Z+ `- d' {Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
/ i4 n6 S: ~9 i
8 h* Y+ ~! ~- U: r4 gDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.

Donald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.
, I- y9 a: U. z9 N9 o: Z
Dorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.
& w# `( l+ c: E) K7 b) l2 ]
Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
9 W7 N4 q8 w) M: k
2 H. P4 i) }4 `1 YDorothy: It's the postman.
1 ]1 {; O+ }. y1 B5 {; L  \
Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

5 P! j: x2 I- Q# CDorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

9 s$ v- V5 K6 ?2 L4 V  h3 qDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
# O! g& M3 b+ y  F  ]2 G9 x* q6 W
Dorothy: Nor do I!

  z# Y8 l* ], ^5 {  KDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
' [# \+ w" b' R7 N; v; R
Dorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
% d, G' x+ V! H, b4 i
3 e. j. S3 [1 JDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!
& z) S& }( S, l. @
5 V, b: l  S! S6 ~, L$ N5 _' V' aDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!

Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.
4 o6 L9 D4 O5 P6 `' _
9 d, @6 i, T0 E+ v7 k9 K4 ~Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.

Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.