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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。 6 S; k& V6 f& B' E+ {) a0 {( e) {
例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：
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A：I like apples.
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B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）
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这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。
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本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。 * _, z9 ~3 W+ }1 J7 {3 v
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1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he. 3 M2 Q" Z* ~/ F ~5 s
" ~2 b% B! Z* t- C* {) ?- J# k2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明： / c- `7 g7 \8 o; [
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 ) [8 @7 F5 W: X! z# Y
3 H9 [9 T2 x3 {3 U3 S3 C J3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me.
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4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构
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' k8 f5 [0 |% q2 [- _ Z0 R如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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6 \, [/ B0 v a% S _: b/ I$ Y---Nor it is!
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This cup hasn't got a handle! * [" S% y% z' I; [7 R/ N: b
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---Nor it has! 3 W' V+ X6 Z% |1 s
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。 # E3 M% w) b! b* p
$ d7 K" h, I, Y! n2 UDerothy: Look it's raining! / Q- U! R. k/ p h: l4 p
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Donald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now. 3 w3 q1 }( s! m# N O* ]6 H
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Dorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know. ( v8 n) F' E' ]- Z' I
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Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.
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Derothy: So we can.
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Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole". : I$ o9 R, @# ?% ]
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Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?
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" e2 \9 n" t# k2 z- X' ~4 O8 _Denald: Yes, let's. ; S' P% o6 X) l6 B) v8 n* d
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Derothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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Denald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too. ! C* g9 ]9 L/ G$ x) e
3 x7 T% v! _6 E8 c$ _4 v/ v( KDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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0 E& V2 G8 x! {# z* zDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more. ; H, Z* g- ^! A# c3 d4 S
& g9 i" Q4 } l' m8 MDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk. 7 d9 a0 h- G. f' c5 S S4 e% W3 Q% k
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Donald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road? 2 q0 k' g7 C1 M8 r+ ]/ P
. n+ s8 ]7 c* E; g3 a" V; x; ODorothy: It's the postman.
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Donald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.
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Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us. 9 v# |; _! I7 G) l- L* ^6 q
7 `9 R3 S5 [: ^& QDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills! # O* @* n2 A+ w
$ a s$ |- f& f& o1 _Dorothy: Nor do I! * ?8 O$ f* [& F6 g( Q4 Z" n; b3 W
: d# x6 L5 c7 LDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us! / X, {) F/ s; h" P0 N
2 U+ _! N1 l9 E' dDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.
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% h( ?2 Z# p ?9 I8 Z% YDonald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel. % |! U' ?8 N8 ]3 R6 z! B$ q
* b l, K( x$ {) a! nDorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby! 7 |. v* ^3 ?7 P3 E1 h/ J7 u
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Donald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself! 3 J6 l6 y* a6 x, i
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Dorothy: There's no letter in the parcel. . Z4 W/ P! j/ v6 y
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Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange. ! v. ]/ y& R0 V: |! g1 g: L- h: q
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Dorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow. |
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发表于 2006-4-18 18:28
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