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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
3 ^ u1 l3 j0 H6 V- V, D3 J 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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. X1 S6 a) m# I" Z# J 二、解小便 / Q& \2 D5 X& P) U+ ?# W" J
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: 6 R4 V3 ?+ O9 ^' x
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 9 S2 ~2 [% b5 c4 e
! z+ z+ `+ S5 G 医生或许也会问: # G2 u& |) Z% Y& C, C
Do you have trouble urinating? / {# N" V( _* u. N N7 V& u+ V
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 2 ^% \. k _- @" @8 Y; T6 e
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此外,还有其他的说法: 5 A8 n0 ` A5 }/ f: O
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
/ O/ }# r6 C5 i3 K5 P* s * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
2 Y. k/ c: S7 D1 M0 r; G8 g2 y$ H- a * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 1 L% i* ~2 f! D j4 O7 U( F
2 m' `& r& T0 i 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: : W ]5 Q3 t4 ^2 h( t' D o
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
( b+ b8 n1 }0 b2 z& _; X' u 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 8 B! b6 f. M" _/ v
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. : H9 N7 [/ g4 ^# R" J4 e
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 1 _* b7 O; h& g$ Z9 L( [. R @
& }" b8 w! E( s, C * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
% t" j5 G7 \, H$ I/ Y& e5 |6 t% ~ 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 2 q% k- G1 w1 Z7 z
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
' a* @- [$ ]/ ~. R; G" ]4 N" [" k * The boy needs to pee. , Q7 b l7 w0 Y4 X6 z6 _% G$ n3 p3 u
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
3 r8 g9 x8 w, h1 V" M * Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
; z) v6 ^: z" p* E) P9 c _* m% y * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ' t. }: h6 f6 r) S/ X9 F0 h
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
; R; Z2 G* P! |9 e" h2 [ * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
# j( a( O9 ~7 E( o# m& F# N * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 4 {* V% s. j3 |
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 1 C, I2 g0 C7 {& i/ s+ ?
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 $ L2 F* Z: A/ r) n: c
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
^+ T4 b, g: u: D$ c" J6 {, T2 x to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
4 ?3 X$ e) |* k* c3 i2 I =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: ; K# }6 z3 f) b e) a
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
% g; \. w9 E) g: J * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
2 y. H8 ]# V1 J. r& z; C6 [ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 4 W0 S1 B. d' M% [5 ?
* u' V2 v& n; Y1 K 四、放屁 7 k; N, Q: w& x6 {( ^5 D
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
3 \# }) M6 q& n) P4 {6 F' N How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
, Q" ^6 e! D, O( j 你放屁的次数很多吗?
) S7 l, g: ~. l% i3 g6 p1 X' o9 T * Is the gas expelled by belching?
- S1 h5 i: x/ L0 \1 Q/ U2 q 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
2 {. F1 A# t% x7 o. D* ]* @ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. . P7 d6 \" w' i+ V& T
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 $ x ^$ L1 U( y- C' b# U% W$ J: ^
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. % Y7 Y' P5 Y6 n9 }# l% b
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
/ S1 L* X5 p/ \; w" { W * Be careful not to fart in the public. * B- ]* U5 J$ e' |% W4 y: o
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 ) A* c- G0 B+ N, U" s% D! v6 E0 K
6 @9 b+ s2 A# m5 Y' c+ l2 ^5 A 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
; x6 T' q6 i. W* _" p" h * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) # a# n# Y" x3 W7 o$ j
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
- |+ N( L: C/ k 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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/ {# h5 }0 x1 w3 M% M * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
; D B* B% W/ z q 胃不舒服有两星期了。) % ~1 ^* R7 j; Y" }2 x
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
+ ?8 L- |3 y/ P8 X 他经常便秘。) 或 - t5 g( I8 S( w" c
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
# p/ e- R$ d, N/ k * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
: m! s2 g6 p8 L * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 4 ~7 }: b4 g6 W7 v9 O2 N6 G
: H9 u1 u: v- N" _# A& O/ E * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
p( _. q# B) K( A# A+ u; t 他拉了一阵肚子。
/ h- k, Y# ~$ Z4 n5 s$ e * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
2 H( c5 e- f, n% T3 ?' T 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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