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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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2 `" w% d; P. W% w, D3 k 一、厕所 7 c" r) o% x, G4 B) a. e6 E* ~) C
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 % E8 W8 |( \1 e9 D7 H4 l
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
! ^$ s( s" K' M$ I1 `6 O Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ) t4 ]/ {- V6 S6 D' {3 x! I
6 i- X: X. o8 a, c 医生或许也会问: % k3 i& I4 I, S0 k
Do you have trouble urinating?
# |! H7 S r) c: Q/ X e2 _ w =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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/ ~$ K% m% z; Z! T! |. l 此外,还有其他的说法: 9 z, B& A) z! T% W( z* M& [$ o
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ) Z, a8 f0 e5 L* ~* h9 D
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. - R; ^$ o# A. M* @6 X
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 3 f; V8 v7 c9 G' O: U, b `* P' k
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
1 G! G6 k& l S4 _" K 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 6 t! y* X0 E& f1 H7 d4 W( {, I
* C0 ^' h/ K3 Z0 ]( Q" F * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
7 z8 D) f- I' j/ g [) [; x 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ' S3 g$ g) N! G% S/ D$ J/ [ J4 |4 ~
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 3 g7 U7 `6 w |9 a; p' L/ y1 q+ w
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
: W3 T- T+ @6 {+ ? * The boy needs to pee. + T9 r$ h# R5 [0 N# @6 G
4 R. |2 f' V" k8 p- N/ C, M 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
+ ~2 }8 } \1 p {, d * Do I need a urine test?
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: H: ]) ~- Y' i! q6 i. v6 x n 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 3 d; p7 D% O5 Z% U5 W; Q
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
1 y$ E ? I! c0 U5 \ ^- O1 H * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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5 N) Y5 s2 p4 b9 q9 z0 d; W# D 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
! C8 D. ?! _6 }6 z6 W0 v( c& J * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ( W, [9 ~3 C0 ~# z# O1 \
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
% X) w) j. m8 ~' s/ H * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
* b% m9 {' ^9 q4 h/ W * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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. \" Y/ q0 e. @8 R0 Q9 Z$ u9 G. c 三、解大便
5 D, E1 q, [# K+ _5 Z 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ ~, @1 p% e+ C* E, w! G+ l
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) H' U* `2 n! x3 c2 t [: n7 D B
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: F; t$ n a! b0 X$ x& [, q
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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9 t9 b$ D( Q6 X 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 9 A1 y( ~1 p; f6 L U, @
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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" Y, [, o8 q. u 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
, L0 g/ U5 J4 R, Q3 { * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) : T0 ^3 E5 z. e7 t' H7 U6 W
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四、放屁
) [: h+ b' h4 S4 A# ~3 l. U" | 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: + y* W$ r3 T, e+ l
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
# b d- O1 k' Y' Z 你放屁的次数很多吗?
- S: Q$ F2 G8 v7 L2 @- I4 K& P * Is the gas expelled by belching? ; U( U& _( j- z3 p
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) % p4 J) P: h, ^# t3 O) g
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. $ Y3 ^4 }6 _0 s5 v5 ?
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 Z! O, J6 x- n3 e/ o2 D0 ~
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. * @7 N( V! a! |1 y# R
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
0 V5 w0 f2 k8 L# t+ Z9 c * Be careful not to fart in the public.
# Y1 D( V6 d, k1 ?1 X 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 * t! v& L" Z2 C' }5 \
{2 Q, |8 O6 |3 c1 a 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ' E2 i: q, O E( a
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
9 u/ H5 b" x- `# ]1 @ = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
: m; W6 ^' n% B 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) $ `' x* w. Y2 ]& G8 {2 H
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ! d! I8 Q+ V3 d, S2 ^* c
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
/ G) L$ ` l0 [( p$ R6 ` * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
s; w, s0 c: I, X 他经常便秘。) 或 7 R$ S/ t- p, F
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
9 s) A$ }5 y+ l0 V! U" @0 S * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 1 z6 j& P/ H- y7 ~( ]: K
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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7 }6 p# Z& }! M- l. b6 C) l * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
$ T+ E1 P6 A; y8 m5 g' j9 u 他拉了一阵肚子。 9 e( j1 w' Q7 a
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 2 n6 `" R f( M- W
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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