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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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% i3 U! H" n, G4 V* u: ~ 一、厕所
7 W5 M3 @5 k+ O2 R3 e 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 7 b+ U0 ?& V+ B8 ?& c% v3 P' X
6 c" p+ Z# j% W 二、解小便
% k3 q7 M. V8 P% ], M) o+ A8 m+ R 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
4 q9 F) d4 {1 ~8 p Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
0 ^& R. L* C2 ? Do you have trouble urinating?
0 j% @. I3 e! q+ k! ` =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) ; J V+ f/ a$ K) [
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此外,还有其他的说法:
7 s& \1 `* I" `+ b5 e7 E to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
! t7 t. r/ W% d4 O * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
7 L* F6 D5 h+ Q% I# r3 \ * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) $ x0 [2 E- f; o/ z
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
# p. p L1 R/ N* _& u3 G H% } * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
( ~; u" U7 d i- s, L) G& F) p8 P" ] 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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D1 Y" P$ t, M * He went to the john a few minutes ago. % N+ T% B, R( l+ z1 \0 o' l7 n4 ?* Y
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 . Q% q. J' v0 d2 E
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. $ d9 p4 w4 `/ N; W8 `0 `# }
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 4 w+ ^6 v- ] w: e0 `
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
% o9 a- e/ w. W6 }+ I * The boy needs to pee.
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" `. j5 ^! b! j+ A1 B: J: Q 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 5 p* Z3 D' D0 S: V& ?
* Do I need a urine test? " S8 A* z- ]- G
y* _ n% t0 E 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
% w) S+ ]7 c9 B* V$ x * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. ( A4 c/ b2 n& F! N9 ?1 i5 O. R) Q/ q
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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) Q0 t: y$ ^4 {" X3 X 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 8 I" L* s. @9 V% X7 ~
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) ! O3 X; M. ~- q$ L) r% A0 U
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) . p/ }- v5 e2 j4 C. A' e
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) , r; x8 q$ `' S9 T- ~9 W, t% c
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) / D: I- }3 b: R$ Z. a: ~
5 }. q4 N* ^6 O' I* F: X- s1 u 三、解大便 8 a% n( J5 s/ @" p" C
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
& s! k# M: w4 I" ~6 j2 |) E" e! ? to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
* ?* M& v0 ~3 p# n- V$ s =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
* S& b/ k4 C1 O! |" Y# j# E. t- {9 T * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
0 E4 f( m3 T" M7 L3 u * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
" x4 a+ {/ l2 ?' e# r7 ` * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 # x$ r2 s0 \: P* i8 g5 }5 H
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 3 L! P( E* A+ b0 I6 B8 h
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ) S4 J7 W |& p$ \1 s, o
你放屁的次数很多吗? / G* y$ [' ^1 A2 G6 @' {
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
# k' n7 I" n9 N4 Z 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
8 s9 | w9 e+ ^1 B * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
' `/ C: T! N, q" X l$ @ 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
( M% G) F* F9 B' P! Z4 y. z * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 9 }, i8 m9 @, D+ F7 {0 Z2 O1 c* b
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
/ y' q9 x6 W9 j: G9 x * Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 e' O( a; p R, i 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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$ _5 g& Y2 s/ u( w: ] 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: + g! s* u# p5 r, ^
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) $ B7 _) ]7 j* X
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
# J( m4 |/ V8 {8 Q2 S 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 4 B, Q, i, K( w1 q
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
% K' B7 r$ m* ?: l _; s, c6 g% Q 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
8 R6 {) d1 k& t8 t) v * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
: R# x" i) s( r 他经常便秘。) 或 ; @) z+ y; S- ^7 ~
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 " X7 p2 u2 j$ z* S
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ' b' N: {) }6 I; a! h9 U$ D
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. : x8 M% X/ F) ?
8 n! R* w' |9 W8 F * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. . E5 [% b0 G8 V$ l0 `8 ?
他拉了一阵肚子。 6 S, }* B' g4 T, g) S; ?! E9 f2 N
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
2 M( u/ f$ ~" Q. B9 L; k; j 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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