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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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: l/ f" p" B- e ]! C+ F, Z 一、厕所 & Q; T9 C7 O8 [9 g I# ^
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 . F3 |) X1 j& D& r+ N, C2 _+ \' a
' H$ E0 z5 L* [8 e% _5 _, D 二、解小便 / ~) y' e9 y( ]; s0 f) z
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
* G- P& Z8 [1 n8 z& o0 y( I+ M5 E. \( N Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问: 7 q) w# K# U1 }1 a; n6 x
Do you have trouble urinating?
' {8 O. G4 _- S! I+ I =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:
; j! _( m2 `; K8 k- T) T' O2 | to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 8 t' ~) o. f I6 G2 m' {# e
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
, S9 Q* u& O q$ O! j$ r * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) + P; E6 Y' @) f) t o7 x
% h) T; ~1 l3 H2 ]4 x. k; t* n- C 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: & T4 `3 H3 i* X5 [
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 3 r3 q& e6 G) f1 X
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 " {* `" X4 f# h2 N
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 2 a x. d* s' j1 [
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ) b$ P O" U, _( [
3 I0 Y2 c! W" D2 w0 @9 E * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. # y' |( m; V# J/ T* H; G) T
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 " D1 c- y! Q: A# H C3 t
& P' d- h5 {5 L# b; n9 { 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
! i0 ~6 Q0 m6 ^$ }* C- [ * The boy needs to pee.
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: 0 c+ O8 N* { T7 e3 v- o
* Do I need a urine test? N8 s5 K O$ g3 P, K# e# j
0 f6 _7 j- B" x/ t2 `- Z( | 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ! E3 t6 ]- `; D, T4 d
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 6 X% x8 M# i2 g1 G1 }0 ^
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
! L& Q' N- f5 a6 n& U0 Y+ ] * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) h0 j* A9 B5 A
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
6 ^9 y" A' |+ r * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) ) F# [. B$ q" p, J) }9 O
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ; q5 l1 N7 t+ a) O/ d \2 I) x
* J3 h( I6 ]% e' A 三、解大便 9 x- }. v4 d5 b& [
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
' o7 v4 A( p y7 ^; ?6 b to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
9 F, ~" I* o9 e0 Z8 U) ?$ C =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
9 E6 r4 E4 x& g * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
2 |: r4 q- L- v& R/ m! A * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) , _/ j+ |, T3 s6 c* @" H6 l# F
( {: c2 i. Z3 ~ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: * F' p4 r0 d! |- F9 r
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 4 L7 ~ ^, K! |. y) O
9 ^1 m3 B2 T) p) g4 e 四、放屁
, E9 {* g1 `- x, O$ V$ [' B 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 2 ]3 ?7 z2 F% h+ v4 `3 a8 Z
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? $ i2 ?# x' K0 n* O3 P( f
你放屁的次数很多吗? 9 ~1 |" {% R- Q- Q1 o1 _3 n
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
: M Q$ k- ?- M" Z, P X2 _ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) / t$ Y! c; S$ M; F9 d# H# x* r
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
3 H8 x4 k) l" W% c- b 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
2 ]3 J+ b/ S' a) h2 m m6 g * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
4 _7 Y( D* \" \& w# r, y) H, H: N 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
$ O. Z" j$ j5 e4 p x1 `+ }# {0 I$ A/ _ * Be careful not to fart in the public. |( k/ @; T1 h+ m: b
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 * d% n" J! {6 d, n9 ]/ T
4 M5 K3 ?( w9 Y 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
# V$ @% a+ G8 s * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 6 g5 I9 R* U, \$ i* h( o9 x, n
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
* F4 d6 F: ^" L& g! p 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) " X! t; r3 Z7 R" f2 p
# J( t) x2 u# R: q/ l * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 9 m/ A7 Z% m$ j2 R/ q4 c* o
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
6 P$ h: S- I% _( O4 d) j0 c2 r * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) " U3 H t" ^7 G& [8 B5 F
他经常便秘。) 或
- D, z. S; C* U6 G! y * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 # ^2 s$ a5 z9 X, F& T: z( H
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
! z5 z4 a% \5 B S9 X! l0 x; X2 @ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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D( n8 q d% W) N9 J3 N" l * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
% L# a* Y# y+ z4 Q/ G( f J 他拉了一阵肚子。 / |. [( F' G# @8 ?0 R" z9 [
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) % o4 f2 M$ q: ?4 _$ R
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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