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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 9 o# |% A1 M( {, q! y! i- _6 w3 [1 x
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 9 c7 L4 @/ |, d" ?7 t T$ N
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二、解小便 , `, Q; C g/ ^1 Y; N. {) y
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
* s% J: a3 o, A2 G$ B% p$ s5 q Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
5 l" b5 r/ b" g1 p. I Do you have trouble urinating? ( H. `$ L, i7 L/ A+ \
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: 7 i( }, s: y, V9 e! ?' K' I
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 8 i$ ?4 b% F* [9 h+ n
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. ; C# p& a. M2 Y/ ?6 T/ H1 [" B1 g
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ' h7 B) A, |) I: h
; T, W* N/ \- F" ]' ? L 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: , p9 e# H& O3 q* A+ ]
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
1 ^' N% r( z* |5 ^2 k& P! | 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 & J# C# R$ p* A/ g- [% F
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. & @) T: [- Q9 x" m
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 , N; g" p+ a& Z3 `3 A5 i
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. # Q3 g. e2 a9 X1 h) e, J
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 ; [- q- x0 S" X: u% T2 O
! }+ `# X3 W+ z$ p0 e 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ! G$ Z/ N) ^. z' m: h" J
* The boy needs to pee. 2 Q; B- l1 p b* ^% t4 U9 e2 P! Q
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
) ^' e) e8 T% k * Do I need a urine test? # b; T( ]+ _" W& F6 @
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
$ |+ D& Y5 @2 G+ Z$ q9 D4 G * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 5 C9 t4 l- O8 C8 ]5 @! U
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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. K) H. q( r4 k: h 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
4 {$ b& }: S" f6 | * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 8 J8 _$ p! n! t4 u5 X0 g
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
! k) ~- M# Y9 [! j5 } * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) . }- k/ F1 p- a
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ^' ?- k4 h9 w
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三、解大便 + g, ]3 L8 F9 S# i
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
2 u- L) ?' W1 W to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) & \& r9 l0 v0 p, E- N4 e d$ H
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
3 ~/ f8 l& m* z' p2 e * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) T% z3 w) \* W2 s* i4 Y+ O4 a
& [0 M% u% M% ^5 [4 _ 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: * x% ?9 V0 I" F& O4 D1 T
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) ' k% Z) c/ b4 c% N: I
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ; K3 A- Y/ N$ {# k' V
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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# I) t8 n, p% t 四、放屁 ; K z& l' C* U
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
+ A4 K# A; M2 j6 J" [ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ( i1 W, S6 e# v6 X7 k, K2 l/ X
你放屁的次数很多吗? ! ~0 q W U+ P$ k/ B; H7 a
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
4 A7 l* d' Q0 q- ?5 Q5 E3 H' a [ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
! C% y3 a& C0 v' e( u: c * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. , A4 J, X, c& s$ i9 e5 I( F7 q. C2 {
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
- A* U+ O$ x/ m7 T! d6 \ * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. % T Z4 W* W$ ]6 X
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 0 {+ ]. q3 w, v
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 a2 V7 U5 E/ \* J# i 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 # {, Q: `% _6 h3 V' H- [4 S
( S! w, d( v6 V5 m2 k1 @7 N8 h& P 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: * X" e- f) n7 V. `; I3 D# `
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
' s4 ~" o2 f. T8 r8 H9 u& P = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 7 G/ j% M9 a) a( X) y
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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; w+ ^5 t) y% e( V' G3 @ * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
7 W! g+ @! e" k* H2 Q/ S- q6 k+ j 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
* I( N+ n) q2 M( {0 _ * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , q6 A' l- T0 E
他经常便秘。) 或 \4 h, x$ k; r" J
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
% u. |% C O' b6 q * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
4 A; \. A2 p7 }3 F3 r# @ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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8 t* G5 D$ u3 R/ m * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
+ w" n2 e4 D5 ` 他拉了一阵肚子。
4 C" I) a. Z8 }# ?, u * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
. E0 p2 ~# _* J; ?6 s4 Y5 t4 p/ D 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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