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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?* P+ v& ` U' I u7 {4 M% f
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.! M0 [) F) i& {2 P8 w* F
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
3 j4 X3 s: k) T0 {, ?* q: O! eThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976." b9 a: v6 Q+ b: c( z
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.8 q* a: s: b* S* [
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
0 C' v4 y) F; X; Y1 ?# l3 GThe country codes used are :
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( k) U8 n! u2 ZCODE \COUNTRY
- }# n! C, Q5 m5 I00-13 USA & Canada
8 R5 M. Z- a+ h" c1 p# i; I! A20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
0 U! x4 X: j( [3 @; ^30-37 France- c4 ^2 R! f6 E+ O# ]
380 Bulgaria, f+ I' q* S0 k/ W
383 Slovenia
) U4 `9 Q; y* Y4 ~# Z385 Croatia) Z3 x9 [; w' E% ^
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
) a$ f$ w4 ^3 p# f400-440 Germany
9 ]: |; x+ q, Q, j45 Japan( I' }7 y4 ~$ o1 Q: L, H
46 Russian Federation8 Z& C3 I+ ]$ G* Y- R1 T" D
471 Taiwan
& Y G4 ^. u3 @474 Estonia
! T: e0 v2 P0 a1 K3 ~5 r475 Latvia
$ k6 R& ^' \3 s3 [3 N v& p1 Z- D3 @476 Azerbaijan
0 n! j( n, T! m b$ F7 D477 Lithuania
$ @ O; n K& q+ L5 B5 Q0 E) {478 Uzbekistan
* R( j' n3 X5 B) ?7 W479 Sri Lanka z/ B; K# `3 k0 Y
480 Philippines
0 P7 h8 I2 ?( R481 Belarus3 a2 @7 h8 L5 w0 G
482 Ukraine+ |0 a3 P7 p: [& v4 O" l
484 Moldova
0 `- K# Y3 ]8 Y: h% w! l485 Armenia) F) T/ e; s& n* D. a# g; Y7 W
486 Georgia0 H+ j& V3 |$ m, K( ]
487 Kazakhstan
8 X6 u* m; U8 y4 m# C489 Hong Kong2 U" | _" Z; ~+ x+ s- Z8 L9 f
49 Japan4 ^, n" F) C$ w% \
50 UK
. J+ t- |- i. f+ ]$ r520 Greece
; N$ s' ^ {0 D; S) E528 Lebanon
; [: g, r3 ]& e P( V: z529 Cyprus' m& _/ _% U: N6 w) J0 l/ k
531 Macedonia
* O' a* p: g9 I; E% t' c& P; Y& Y8 [. V535 Malta
' H% \/ c( j1 I; ~" u9 x539 Ireland4 }3 U1 X: o. a2 Y! k
54 Belgium & Luxembourg
; s* {+ X! s v$ B9 }! y" |4 [560 Portugal
$ Z: T) F: v7 h; J2 ~569 Iceland
T7 F1 C, b6 c, ~/ l( f57 Denmark
( ^4 f. |) s- U: i* @' p1 t590 Poland
2 Q1 X$ N9 }! X) H! H* Q2 ^594 Romania4 `% t5 g' R6 n3 W+ y+ E. Q
599 Hungary
7 u! Q/ `" U/ g7 j9 ^8 h600-601 South Africa2 E) |3 {6 x' G# ^! R
609 Mauritius, S0 S7 N7 u. f
611 Morocco
' \+ ]2 D/ @" c# k, V% U613 Algeria! E1 L1 b2 F4 u+ n
619 Tunisia) p8 ^; H! C' ?7 L* d! @
621 Syria! Y- @) F/ `) F ?3 a7 Q/ \
622 Egypt
6 U, z% F% l7 R624 Libya
) u" F4 E8 u+ e# F0 q3 n625 Jordan1 A4 I9 r3 u; W7 j) z W& R
626 Iran: i- w& s* ?$ P; i2 x' H
627 Kuwait
) P& [+ g3 N* ~0 `& g628 Saudi Arabia
0 B8 I) e3 L6 a+ P1 h" N629 United Arab Emirates# X% H; J. B0 l5 F; u
64 Finland
, x/ g0 }% P/ v% S690-692 China
?/ U8 Z3 K+ d" }. H4 Y- o3 x! U70 Norway# {. L; J1 I' J* q5 D6 O
729 Israel1 c% ~% L5 g0 ~3 q
73 Sweden
, m$ J; O* i( Z+ D8 n2 {$ L740 Guatemala7 I1 x8 ]& O0 H; K! ?6 o
741 El Salvador @* D+ d6 `* V8 R! h$ [
742 Honduras
/ ]; U0 O, @% ]& m# S5 B743 Nicaragua
7 L/ U$ h& a0 v( H744 Costa Rica
) _1 _- h% W; U E; c! T: U4 X- v745 Panama
# [) Z( ?# n% X0 H2 ]# X& w746 Dominican Republic
. W& X* G3 k8 ?9 G5 n750 Mexico/ R4 x( K0 B k. y
759 Venezuela
5 S. \4 F6 K8 p4 ^76 Switzerland* h' e) I( E D# j6 E
770 Colombia
, L1 ~/ \. z! J. Q, F: l773 Uruguay
( t* d6 R' I2 {' v3 Q775 Peru
# A/ ]' }( T2 @7 Q, Y1 O777 Bolivia1 Q n; q+ I9 [3 g; B& `
779 Argentina
* z# x4 f. j5 c K4 x* X780 Chile1 g6 X2 [/ I1 [2 u
784 Paraguay
' O' ]/ k4 E. w! c l7 ^. }785 Peru
2 }* ?6 }! P1 L/ W$ j6 A786 Ecuador8 L4 r+ e' v/ P( B
789 Brazil
% B9 y# P l7 v. {( e( n80-83 Italy
% C5 ]4 \% M. m# M5 w6 j/ q- @84 Spain# w$ Z! _8 B+ o, T) h, j( x+ j
850 Cuba
9 K; f1 h! C% v. J858 Slovakia8 z0 Z" P" }$ K! J
859 Czech Republic
5 d0 K9 ]& U7 u c- F7 E860 Serbia & Montenegro; D, H9 \* A6 D# ?2 ^' j* b
869 Turkey0 D1 r1 L$ z: [) ^. T) k' N6 V
87 Netherlands
1 p# G: k: c' o880 South Korea
C) W3 }( u# [% g885 Thailand% u( ~8 C C6 L1 D4 y, S1 D! I
888 Singapore
+ P" S* ^: z+ w& [! } _890 India. W2 j5 n( G4 s4 E+ `
893 Vietnam- |4 O7 _$ W( a9 c$ T4 V0 ?0 U
899 Indonesia
8 d1 b) Y1 A- k, T, T+ F90 -91 Austria
+ V) x! i5 `0 S1 @& R93 Australia1 q' ^# l+ O; L! p- m
94 New Zealand
. Q, m$ U6 l! ?: v7 W955 Malaysia6 T0 p9 @% }7 c2 C8 W
958 Macau
$ H6 m, B* B* t, n, V977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
9 j1 D. t' K! j4 o978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
* j) y( [' x6 q j9 k* g) M979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)6 N: r0 q, m" e* o+ j4 T$ N
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm+ _) W8 {: A' J
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