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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 * r4 j+ ~/ h* S4 h
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.. y. w- v5 H/ U' @
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.! o* n3 H& b: U
The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.3 T9 H% r3 b2 x1 e P, _
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.) d$ I1 T @( u8 q5 a& m/ S9 d( |+ B
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.# o! y4 e1 Y6 }
The country codes used are :: e4 K% g- a1 u* I
' ?8 u) W+ C; l6 L, QCODE \COUNTRY) x- j2 f0 ~ V# @& Z
00-13 USA & Canada
" Y; k/ X$ F- d20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets), E. {0 F7 C1 {" x+ _2 k& {
30-37 France
" k9 h) y! o0 j+ h2 _380 Bulgaria3 l4 R/ O. c! u+ m
383 Slovenia" @2 B$ q2 ^9 a2 Q; w% U
385 Croatia
5 H3 @1 r& }* z4 z4 S3 l387 Bosnia-Herzegovina: @6 ]4 n* m i3 w# t# T7 {8 @6 j3 e
400-440 Germany* l8 X' D$ @7 S
45 Japan
/ ]7 U' R2 h" ?* @6 I46 Russian Federation
9 I- i2 Y8 h7 v' N# w471 Taiwan
* i/ R( I% i) W# j& I: H% ?3 t, B474 Estonia
: B( O# r4 G0 M O0 y475 Latvia
. L% f$ s' Z' W# x) `9 p: R8 ?476 Azerbaijan
6 f$ x5 B$ }/ u+ A- q6 f) z* T8 R6 S477 Lithuania7 R1 p8 n6 k6 G2 L U1 r
478 Uzbekistan) q% j) Z+ y6 p
479 Sri Lanka4 M+ `3 { \9 M% q# T
480 Philippines
: _( V4 v% Q; A- N4 H481 Belarus! o1 Y* S2 s# x5 O9 G
482 Ukraine+ F1 Z) O( l- n. M
484 Moldova
4 K) V! w5 _, r4 Z; j( `485 Armenia
. u6 v* J8 y+ r3 \7 y9 L# `4 c3 r486 Georgia
H- P# A5 I5 d7 j0 S487 Kazakhstan8 f+ V3 b, H, z$ W
489 Hong Kong* X; a! A0 e1 A ]2 s a
49 Japan
3 y7 l: z F( T5 f3 y50 UK3 U4 R/ x G: G' n8 ]5 o5 D
520 Greece5 C6 g/ j9 l, A+ I# Y, F& n) J4 `# `
528 Lebanon
" F9 P- Y9 e, \+ Y6 l9 U529 Cyprus. {9 ?" z0 M' W' f# e
531 Macedonia
6 r. A0 h* S: t: }) I0 i535 Malta! T, a7 f) y3 [7 p
539 Ireland
8 Z* J1 j, H7 ?( M6 h54 Belgium & Luxembourg, q& `9 @* W. ?3 P4 N* [1 q
560 Portugal; Z' d7 N8 J: \6 m% |, z; r' b
569 Iceland0 W( J; `' p# `- q7 e9 e! Z3 T: ]
57 Denmark& @4 x5 K; B" h
590 Poland/ D; V! z2 O0 \
594 Romania
2 W6 H1 Z3 ]( \9 B2 ?/ Y599 Hungary7 `6 h5 _: s2 c, X
600-601 South Africa
" `( |( A/ C' p: ?+ {609 Mauritius
9 X/ D+ R: \9 _/ S4 m611 Morocco
9 K1 c( w. [4 {/ U5 {) N. l613 Algeria
2 |) ?! }" ^) p/ c2 ?619 Tunisia1 B3 @! S/ p9 F6 N7 i* i$ }
621 Syria
" d4 Q# S m8 \* t: |9 R7 J5 a622 Egypt
$ _- ?! Q: ^; d8 Z# ]& f624 Libya
0 n @4 n7 S% f2 M625 Jordan
6 C$ S2 N3 u4 t$ ^& a5 j626 Iran
. I& \1 `$ Y2 ^( u8 H& a627 Kuwait$ m+ r2 i; ~9 F# c8 O/ h
628 Saudi Arabia
! G6 {* v- ]; u8 L* B4 a629 United Arab Emirates5 N2 \8 ^; s. }1 i* _
64 Finland
0 s3 ^( `: \0 ]& v0 g690-692 China$ @) n1 R0 }: f1 N2 ^9 n
70 Norway
( O; O2 j# k% A) z# G! j729 Israel5 O3 o H+ n v W" K
73 Sweden- Q2 R; g* D2 n2 K. i5 q; V2 n9 c
740 Guatemala
7 p% h4 F3 D' I8 V5 ]3 B741 El Salvador
6 v( q9 x- x, a742 Honduras
( ~9 [" i A( i6 e: l: y! n& h743 Nicaragua
/ n% [% l" O! Z5 s744 Costa Rica
: r) Y- W3 ~$ D3 u745 Panama# f8 n- A, L) r) u" m4 D
746 Dominican Republic% H# @. G0 I! K0 w G
750 Mexico# _. }9 O; r+ @% y7 i U
759 Venezuela
- C( R" x) D' k! b4 d0 o76 Switzerland! W, h; @4 O7 A1 o& r. M
770 Colombia9 I! g9 B* s# E) _( i
773 Uruguay& C' A3 @' K% ?4 \$ [0 E# Z r
775 Peru
@' s9 y1 G* f a3 T777 Bolivia
; R4 S( O/ h3 C6 n* ?) Z3 B779 Argentina
+ p- B6 b, `! b; r) l4 e780 Chile: u" C& d9 y1 w6 n( d$ i9 F
784 Paraguay/ B1 T; \8 O; l3 _3 }
785 Peru$ _4 u) ` J3 ~0 s0 [
786 Ecuador
( w/ r, ?5 q2 b( T789 Brazil
- j! ~! R6 ^- c( }" w6 |' K; p80-83 Italy! y( E$ g( _& u, z* [5 U
84 Spain# T# k: T: }* |# @& s
850 Cuba. |1 O0 G& _+ x! E7 ~
858 Slovakia) ^, J6 u9 P) v H5 J1 I& ?2 ^
859 Czech Republic1 Q' v7 J+ W4 O
860 Serbia & Montenegro
6 F6 F. D' U' n6 S869 Turkey
, A4 Q- m; s! d" ~7 _87 Netherlands
% K( v9 P% Q) c2 V: Z: S) \880 South Korea
. ?# b1 p# |, y! M885 Thailand8 l: d8 S3 a( Y4 A3 z* i, y+ j$ r. P* [
888 Singapore
?: N) ^: x7 H L890 India
- U1 G% ^& W. m5 r- ?5 K893 Vietnam, `8 V+ ^6 l) ~& I9 e; }- s
899 Indonesia
: W- R3 u( l. Q8 a8 s+ c90 -91 Austria
. f; H3 u7 E0 |- Q" |93 Australia) `$ r6 i$ q8 V2 g2 r" K }
94 New Zealand
' C) t# W" M) E$ k955 Malaysia' ?( K* r9 T& {& L
958 Macau% i+ M+ K) ~& J2 b2 R+ }% o3 P7 @
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
6 x! Y; A! s% l( M6 f- e+ Q0 h978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
2 ` y2 a- n/ |6 f o6 O- G6 I1 N979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)
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/ Q9 w0 b m" h& E$ ?/ {3 R, CMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm3 J9 E7 V2 q% @; S8 X! F8 O2 M- e
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