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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯$ c+ L) b( j! P) a
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。% q) n! b7 t- v3 i9 D
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!* _$ u% k* c2 X8 M1 l# T$ N
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(1) empty suit:
2 t! a2 Y4 {( V" T% [1 R指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。
/ J( P: Y/ g6 A/ X( t# r(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)2 a3 X3 g7 s( V
例如:
0 C. X! Q! h4 c" }6 D9 w$ D6 hAn empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
6 n3 ^5 [* P/ ~. {0 U! s(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
3 H- j& y3 N5 uMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.' E& u; b, j! z- j5 Q' | J
(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)' }/ W& x9 ]0 W! {/ e2 s0 \
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
. y: c: w3 Z9 U9 U) g- y6 K3 `The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
+ y; C$ ^2 {7 A5 J, R(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)" s5 q" D/ ~5 Y. f& f( y, \
(2) fair-haired boy:
5 U& H! s' |* h R指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
; U7 j; t/ }1 g6 T j0 ~2 v(通常用单数,当名词用)
' w p# g! X b$ k/ H例如:
/ e& y( w1 u" N$ j T5 ~' MMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent. e' J4 D0 x& f5 m, t
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
+ [# w. c z# n$ H* C WNot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
: q( ?" O8 t4 D6 M E8 `(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
% x* Y$ P7 ?* ~$ m1 }" j' U有时也可用复数:
2 O$ S( v7 X' MMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
! T$ O# V+ c6 ~1 P* h1 X(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)( g( f& Y* s- v" N) i
Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.9 M* y* C/ n& q8 K( s
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)8 ^, i9 p/ z1 F. k0 X5 X6 Z& }
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)3 e: b7 C. V- u( D( e) ?1 U( ~: t
(3) fishing expedition:5 ^; e! K- n7 ?7 L
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information): G# P4 `2 B& l' l% E" P. v0 h2 V* p
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)3 \. p6 n4 M1 M4 y9 x
例如:
. K, h" ]! a9 |, E' t0 y* \The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.% r3 k# W0 Q* O6 l
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)3 d5 w$ B7 f# C4 R8 Z7 E- B% N* C# K
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
# ]5 ? s8 J- v. C(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)" j0 ]! @# f5 E9 l: P; k
(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
8 w3 m O* x) ^5 o" i+ a4 |The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War." P0 p6 R- X6 a
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
$ d; R5 N5 W& ~偶尔也有人用复数:
9 s' |$ L4 A- D, C4 o2 [# SSeveral fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office., b, j2 c' p3 V n$ h6 F
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
0 m) o0 R! H2 K% V' ~0 F' u(4) filthy rich:) T: u d+ b* v
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)( [3 y% b% {$ Y
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱): t( ?: M0 U* R
多半当形容词用。例如:
" v" q" O4 E. Q$ W4 [With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.3 O9 B, ]: E0 \# q# U$ r; G B
( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)6 {* {' s" U# L" X3 m1 q, \8 n
Despite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.0 K- {( F# R7 a' c; U
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
! w% ^% f# `8 L. d' h5 o, Z5 VA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.6 H0 I" s# B% \( [( c: Z) Z% ~& c% D4 u
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)9 g+ A. d4 q$ u _2 [
Filthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.1 p- A4 g+ f/ Y* o- v: @
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)" ?# w& k9 B# j2 k. {! M! z7 Y7 C" ~$ Z
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
+ ]* A7 V7 b% `(5) fairy godmother:) L+ ~9 I# Q$ P# J3 B. A
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance): v" E' p/ s7 b9 v8 ^2 v: [* H
(多半指有钱的女人)
- E6 G/ N9 g* ?9 | R* S(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:; a5 B2 ?+ ` w5 h0 A* L1 H- R
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.* @ e& _4 J: I8 v8 U% P
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)) R( J. o- M6 Y! J. @
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
/ s% g1 P: j) G$ h g9 T" c(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)- B R" A" V* {6 Y
有时也用复数:& A ~8 R" T5 L7 B b7 K
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.
1 W1 b, G9 R: Q+ P7 T7 z( z" C& _(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。), ?) v# u0 m2 x/ P4 A7 K
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
% Q1 M/ Z. ?& q! h$ i(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。). H' X6 l2 ^* _7 H w3 w2 ?( T4 a5 W
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0 T7 p& M" \( h+ B- l" ?& y4 _6)eye opener:
0 k1 |& j7 d$ U指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)$ o. O4 M# v3 R
(当名词用;通常只用单数)
% q) J6 w( \- F例如:& D0 M+ k) B+ P; |/ W4 A) h/ P
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
! R' A, u% |( ~9 {3 v(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
* G4 [1 R5 ]4 L# B; w4 W" M* hMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.: C S+ C+ _ j& ?! S5 s
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)# S; x$ R/ o9 P/ |: i" N9 H
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
- ^& G. e4 C! B( _# e# K; V(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)8 D2 {4 e% k/ f
Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
0 @' Y1 |) h9 d- F& ~0 j(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)6 l, B- |) `/ U p% q
(7) hot dog:
& a# Y0 b" |9 k3 D1 n指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)7 C3 I1 [0 h! v
例如:
! ?" I H A* D: n- _Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
4 ]5 S2 X1 A: H+ _- }0 R% [8 C8 b1 `(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)0 [5 A# J2 c! R/ P
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)0 T, @* y+ d3 } [: i
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
7 \6 n/ U3 @7 w: |/ l, z9 z% \! |) r: g(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)1 `3 i+ f8 o' Y( |$ H r8 c
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)+ l- @, ?7 P. Y9 Q" [1 G; \
During the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
4 _0 Y4 O8 q9 g* W$ U! }, x* \(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)9 y; a* v( a( U$ q6 R
也指真正的热狗食物:( O: D% s' _2 u7 }3 B- Y
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.7 p" l: f& O( p9 d6 O$ C( C
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)' C/ ]7 C. p; N0 r( c" n+ M: Z1 f
也可表达欣赏的心情:
m8 O* ? {, U# Q# _* v2 KHot dog ! What great news for me.4 i5 ~! ^- i+ N% C
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)' ?. z4 k0 m i8 z: D8 D
(8)eager beaver:
8 ?* x& v3 W* j1 U7 E指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)! z [+ U4 ]3 e9 h
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
2 B& Q: [* j9 b) L! O6 e; e(当名词用,可指男女)) e% S, A( S5 j& V& x; `+ N
例如:9 c2 p( W% h `5 M
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.9 @/ h$ H# E5 ]3 P* _. o! n/ b
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)2 z ~1 y' i( P5 [
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
' ?$ b8 ?+ r: X7 o8 S(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)
+ }1 @3 s4 G) ]+ I6 K+ ]3 hDoes Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?0 F" A$ _/ [8 K% G& ^/ r& M
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)
8 L% s) J1 v4 A9 z; IYou may find some eager beavers in any organizations.
& w' @# p7 ]" o* U1 [(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
& F- e$ X8 L9 N. T5 ](9)doubting Thomas:
) F9 k3 y; x# Q1 W这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others): v. k& n! l; }3 } e! g
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
/ U' w: K! f' z6 e% U(当名词用)
! @! M1 g1 Q5 U$ j! _例如:
0 l! [* j0 `1 R' T. l$ UI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.3 ~+ e/ A. m$ w5 l
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
/ O! g/ ]( E6 p, F$ G$ dThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.( L$ i0 b$ N1 [- Z0 Q7 n/ y
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
# {' g0 w$ h; |也可用复数:
! h5 @' b9 U' FMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
( ]/ H/ }6 }- w! m- C5 [(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
/ Y- s: A" }$ t9 g6 V4 WIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
2 J; O: e$ [) ]" P* l- w6 E/ Z7 G(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)2 r" F1 U! V0 k9 n! t1 Y/ }+ a4 n
(10)dragon lady:
- ~* c h4 \" F" l/ N% C+ P指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用); O) A" s4 C. Q1 v* V
例如:
. e/ |% P- n" I$ M4 HThe chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
* I- b" A0 N2 l. g8 P/ C. Z* L(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
) [) X. i) o2 q5 |5 v( q9 h' E8 \0 WI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.# F* c# f; }+ P5 S1 Y
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
- M% J! ? W/ R$ i4 b; s- m. Y5 Z: q; ~Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
8 P- \" F# Y' @9 ?; ^ |4 N/ N(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
: q- ?# I: ~$ W; V6 `也可用复数:6 k- C' H8 m+ A3 [# A
There may be many dragon ladies in our community." e) d* y0 t& A1 N j
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)0 L3 F7 q3 O& p, ]9 z
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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