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谈英语俚语/ J% _# v$ `( B. w2 ^
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: Y c( Q& P2 z% z4 p在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯% h+ V/ z4 [: h3 F
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
; _) R. A# `/ ?7 b+ Q若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!' A2 n% v% ~. b3 L2 H' [6 h; w4 x
* S2 R- u. t& i' i, c% U) y(1) empty suit:
; D3 [: j2 S0 C9 ~5 A指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。. R* t P7 d& Z. M
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)
! ^( ^5 a( j# m2 U% k8 f例如:
! d* ~) s# X7 Z. L( c. P5 o/ ~An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
6 \6 v' ~% N8 G. ^6 ?' @(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)
: [4 V# X6 F# k6 rMr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
6 Y! e, F% S& @2 h" I(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)6 o6 q2 S" t* H- M5 S+ ~3 \
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
8 ~( X2 B% _$ b' GThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
C" N% T. k* @5 b: q' Z+ O(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)9 h) A0 o1 {$ W8 M
(2) fair-haired boy:" \" R- X$ D' w: k3 \
指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)
- m5 Z( f# X! E! e% A3 s(通常用单数,当名词用)
, D1 A' T# j4 p$ ^ Z2 R例如:
0 I0 L; J. L$ J9 }6 LMr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.+ h) o% |% O: V$ U/ B0 r
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
" b& F7 m7 p5 N! f5 `: z/ u& UNot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.' ]; k' I3 D2 n) {4 b% @
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)
# g+ n% N8 U/ U9 t# T1 P' \0 z6 E+ h有时也可用复数:
# B! H7 W, m( S' ^, g- ?5 Q: TMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.. ^3 t1 o+ s. v! {) \$ N4 P
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
" S, ]9 k2 N5 n8 a! tFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.* r$ H6 u0 I7 l
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)
+ l O+ U, N3 o(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)
* y/ N& Z$ Y" I V(3) fishing expedition:. u5 h9 E. {" u7 o0 a. O9 m
为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)" i \, k+ F* Q9 K
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)
( x5 x; I& W* b% a. e' T例如:
; C" K5 A, M* c3 N* W% |) E7 ]The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.
# ]: u4 s1 G0 P! B. }( `(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)) I) O! H1 x2 v& I( c: e, H
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case." {2 e2 }8 K" u+ M
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
; J: Y/ N$ \. A+ }! a) V2 [- G(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
5 T! E C2 s) \The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.
4 T& P% T$ D8 O; F+ ~; J(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。); o- E- w& Y' g# r6 H
偶尔也有人用复数:1 o8 a4 G2 m9 Q+ |6 ?, `
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.
* D7 c0 p* d) Z% M(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
' y$ W! s8 U: d(4) filthy rich:" o" d2 p: N; w( E: H7 g
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
$ y, X, l# U8 d: n+ Z5 a(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱): i, n8 d; D9 q% Y, k
多半当形容词用。例如:8 N" U* f5 @4 j% y7 A! ~
With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
, S( {& x t3 j) [: n: f& ~ C. R/ C( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
( h& e, S5 j- \+ SDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.' \, C. d. a% G4 t% O( D% t0 k
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)4 f* S, b# O5 b, i
A filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.3 S, k* j. p/ m: E
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
( E8 Q9 ^7 {: A! } X& WFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
' z! B1 R" r" E% D% R- p(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。); n/ B) e! {3 J/ Y
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)3 Q6 j6 ^ W6 a {7 m9 [3 _6 q
(5) fairy godmother:
L, F) U. f$ h: F J! H( n指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
/ s U5 Q+ ~+ v- k0 X(多半指有钱的女人)
) w0 `0 a, j# q2 ?# |7 y(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
, W% C, {8 P# T8 v/ \4 KMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.# H8 w( j9 M0 q( R% f
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
9 z9 l/ t1 q5 z4 Q; FAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.8 C8 F$ N4 e: J/ i, |* H. b3 o
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)0 u6 b/ K' j0 [ B0 ?3 D5 Y
有时也用复数:
* ?& O+ v6 m8 k# L: _) TOnly business women can act as fairy godmothers.- \& O$ G- u5 ]
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
" \( x1 v/ i/ d- @In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
& L/ H3 y! P; M0 h# r K4 W(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)) W) ~; w! U) ~: j
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6)eye opener:, A) j, ^8 R- J1 A# Q
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
, L8 T4 j( F( g, F) R; z(当名词用;通常只用单数)* z4 Z: M. S0 P6 [
例如:
& _/ s y5 S* D, t9 `1 ^Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.
7 ~& \0 f7 ]5 G& O) i(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
/ ]) \8 X& u9 TMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener./ y9 \. W: w/ L; a8 g7 n' y# ?- y
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)2 D% K/ g% J% j* E- N
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
( A F& t0 I* c! E(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
1 R* h0 K" g( y+ [/ b$ `Some American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.; I) E6 n: l' q+ c+ ]" I7 G0 r2 K
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
4 s8 Y1 T# f; ^+ \! _' n3 [) Q(7) hot dog:
9 H% R3 R( o* ^* t/ R指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
& H% b# }( v! z1 i* r4 u! ]- c例如:
9 M4 X& u- C, h ?& B" C5 h* tSome young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
$ D2 H7 E4 o+ B(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)9 M) |# B0 }7 `3 U* D7 X
(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers); i. Z C7 u l% k3 ~
In front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog." K F b: J/ R2 b. L
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)* P9 o& a6 b, c2 o) k7 ~5 Q* a4 c2 P& l
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
* E# s# v( f% t% ]3 F TDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.: \0 _& l" \ x, T( F
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)( q! L4 O1 h2 [) V8 `
也指真正的热狗食物: R6 z M" m1 u* G
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.7 [8 J2 M0 H/ g* p" I
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)1 t& s# @" h! c) B+ {
也可表达欣赏的心情:3 U9 h( i" X" A
Hot dog ! What great news for me.3 g3 w& \; q. @& q
(真棒!对我来说是好消息。): C% k# T. w# G2 l) {" B
(8)eager beaver:
5 b, Y4 J9 [* X; y4 `5 i指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others): n" P! R3 o2 |$ U' C8 Q E9 E
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
3 |6 O7 A1 x! _( P) g7 b: B(当名词用,可指男女)) Q" q" {: y9 A! m7 H
例如:2 J! v# L0 ^' i/ I2 m* J: t
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.$ p3 ^" J$ t6 T/ S# @, {; ^; C, r
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)( M, J% S! V1 f4 g% z) T
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues." ]7 F8 `5 C& \3 C0 R1 p
(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。): P9 t4 g- n, \4 U% f8 [0 @' c, [
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
9 i* }! @: R' \+ i(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)2 ^3 `* ^. A, o8 c, i& }+ U
You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.5 Z2 H5 B3 a( @: _0 z2 l& K
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)6 a* t9 c4 J! t% W9 ` f' Y# a# R
(9)doubting Thomas:7 E8 g% u+ z: N+ K8 r/ F+ a/ |( ?
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
- C9 l9 _* o# z7 W(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)0 U R7 ?: ?' H ^7 {6 |: t
(当名词用)9 U3 E9 V! ^& I" |# u& L% t
例如:
* U6 `& t7 I3 r% L" G) }I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.' E! o" [$ G* ]: k
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。) N" ?5 P, s( Y# d" ?6 V, P% h
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.
4 O5 Z2 q2 x, r. M! m z' a(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)
9 s& V- Q& k+ z, {- ] i也可用复数:
/ E- k) B& G0 o2 u, ?( `0 WMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.7 c. V9 Z; J" y/ L0 E
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
" v4 T2 g, \! C- N) HIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.
) C7 S$ y0 [* }: ]" @(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
( @1 y2 n) ]7 W(10)dragon lady:
9 v% o* u/ R3 o% d0 o' c x指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
2 R% Y& y8 g L6 K例如:- D# O5 W8 c0 t; |$ s
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
4 d3 [6 Q. T) g) a+ |(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)7 k. p9 t* ^- w* J8 Q1 W
I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.7 U* \* s. C8 f; M5 u7 h
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。)
, M/ T' _* y6 ^6 _' L' AShould your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
) M8 s5 y4 H* i5 G(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
4 z, B1 H5 S0 q' E! r也可用复数:) G. C: }8 u: Q/ ]/ k* W$ [) t
There may be many dragon ladies in our community.0 q, n+ J& k) ~
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)% k) g3 n0 }" W Z& F$ e# b$ B9 M
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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