 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION! }1 }# y& F# u4 R, N8 v4 `7 C
Formal Statements0 C1 n% t0 ~8 e' o1 H7 ^2 K
1. Public Speeches
/ _1 z! V; w. @' ?+ `$ @ 2. Letters of opposition or support: Q, W1 V: y4 b, O3 X# T& g" B
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions0 x5 K0 j- ^! X7 y( K: O, A* d& K
4. Signed public statements
. O. B. X6 B6 q2 t' y+ b2 s 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! S O* s: M5 p. L 6. Group or mass petitions/ s& M, E7 G6 a5 D& u) J
5 V/ t2 n% x* W+ a: k
Communications with a Wider Audience
% Y/ E, w! q7 l h& ^ 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
5 Q' n# J2 q e" K' \ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
6 K8 }" {5 p; L8 l 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
' A$ P) c# w: A+ J# x9 Y 10. Newspapers and journals' u* S' U9 @1 i7 z* E, B5 L
11. Records, radio, and television2 K% ?" u z: `* C
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" }7 {* P& ^9 e7 F" R; z2 V, E% d) K4 F1 J1 g# S
Group Representations. P" Q3 l1 M9 F% ?
13. Deputations
" X; `5 ~0 c1 P/ {' D( k 14. Mock awards2 }' P+ G% x5 ?% F. Z0 R" x+ @5 q: A
15. Group lobbying
# s! F' q: f6 T: u! Q7 N: [) ]9 i% A 16. Picketing0 R2 \9 F" Q" e& y2 T/ \6 e5 W8 h
17. Mock elections
3 q; K8 g2 t2 s6 S8 Q
* U$ P8 G4 s7 a5 P3 [Symbolic Public Acts
5 ~8 a; m' I7 Z! L' M. { 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
7 g- L: f" k* X5 w2 M! G! y 19. Wearing of symbols, \" Y- k0 V1 m% v' H# S7 p
20. Prayer and worship) n( V1 v) R2 f
21. Delivering symbolic objects. y5 H' C( A1 c5 f9 b: B5 z
22. Protest disrobings
4 @: L+ ?) _2 T6 R+ t* u 23. Destruction of own property1 v2 K# ]& z t O+ @5 Y$ ?. v& p
24. Symbolic lights5 Y- t2 W8 z( B F
25. Displays of portraits
3 V1 C8 ?* G( g8 v4 t# I+ @3 d 26. Paint as protest
' F' F, u. |5 Q3 h5 x. E 27. New signs and names. l: W$ u% ?5 Y1 x2 g1 Q( u5 c
28. Symbolic sounds* U( M! x7 ?: t/ N( u
29. Symbolic reclamations
! v7 K: U6 ~- C: P 30. Rude gestures) P) q) i2 N( j3 u! l
' t- h4 A/ {) Y3 Y, I+ {! hPressures on Individuals
* ?* C8 O$ B" k" m 31. “Haunting” officials
4 ~, X) D$ R r* p# c: { 32. Taunting officials
+ S# E" K% L0 B/ O; Z 33. Fraternization
/ I+ v8 y0 S: J 34. Vigils" G- [4 n7 \% c$ R$ `3 v) j/ V+ H
3 a0 m) {3 u6 R/ B4 j7 tDrama and Music
r! A, j# I- f6 q9 R; N. I- A! G0 } 35. Humorous skits and pranks
- B, }7 ~3 x- ?3 `, e7 O7 O$ Y Y m 36. Performances of plays and music
6 n" c$ Q! I2 @7 n+ f 37. Singing
5 i9 a/ E# ]3 M, a! C7 I& n% H: I
2 [1 v! @* ^9 r9 R! iProcessions" q7 b. L: i: }( R2 p# }% i: Z
38. Marches. R( {! o& z# I+ `, S( [' I
39. Parades
. v. W0 n" |6 N* G, z 40. Religious processions9 u% q* c% M/ A( f5 }' A
41. Pilgrimages
4 X3 f$ y* F) ~( c6 G) h! b( X+ y 42. Motorcades$ K" [( j9 r7 L4 b% o9 N
) Y: d! `5 n C5 A1 x/ r2 Q2 u
Honoring the Dead! q, _6 C7 p3 e$ P% Q O
43. Political mourning
+ g! @0 L! O8 l7 D" l Q2 Z# Y 44. Mock funerals
1 ]1 O- m; w+ ]! w* X7 V 45. Demonstrative funerals$ t2 M8 {$ p& G. N
46. Homage at burial places
7 |) `: r0 ?* p4 G. g: K
! V; f5 K; t f2 R$ FPublic Assemblies
% k& G1 L) D& _7 Z: ]+ M( f% @ 47. Assemblies of protest or support
, M4 M; r8 j8 S& g 48. Protest meetings t* |' O3 L" a4 a5 t) s7 b
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 z- N0 J* \) |: _
50. Teach-ins1 w, r; j: F& L
! r _' B. o xWithdrawal and Renunciation
( V. u/ o. L# q" E2 T 51. Walk-outs
* W% z4 h8 ?5 i# T$ a 52. Silence
. O% E; ~7 F( ~/ @! q# B 53. Renouncing honors
4 Y# _3 [# |: S, V/ f* P- e 54. Turning one’s back0 ]+ K. n/ A" r; L/ A5 t+ N
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% e4 C' ~" E/ G6 _* { lTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION T( E9 T! w0 O+ T3 G
7 `& ^" j5 q" g4 a$ B( N6 y
; _. ~; A4 U* U' `$ L; E4 C
% C& O( j1 i/ `% Q
Ostracism of Persons- t# c9 M, T2 e3 i& q. s6 E& U
55. Social boycott$ k9 @& L) ?3 e# e6 O; c. @, l
56. Selective social boycott4 V7 M! m2 x5 `) v
57. Lysistratic nonaction8 \ d# }: J! g0 C: l9 [
58. Excommunication
8 z F8 g9 c! d8 Z/ h* B8 j- Z 59. Interdict
+ l8 a0 e6 w6 H2 I. H" U! W0 E2 X1 x" i8 o5 V& H; J0 A
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions S5 v% B& {! x( H! P! S2 s
60. Suspension of social and sports activities' g' ?' t8 B( U9 g: j
61. Boycott of social affairs
6 w; Z3 M! @$ R8 W$ H- z, ? 62. Student strike. o2 r- c& w4 ?# p2 c/ B) B8 Y. k
63. Social disobedience2 _ }+ t+ i" v7 n' |- e, _
64. Withdrawal from social institutions% P7 Z" e8 J* \6 w5 k8 y
0 w2 x; ^7 L' B7 S7 [$ z! Z3 i
Withdrawal from the Social System5 W2 O/ r# v ?. F; h3 n, r
65. Stay-at-home+ E) \/ H$ A, @% Z
66. Total personal noncooperation# Q# v$ X$ J. T$ N n0 u
67. “Flight” of workers
( u( T# ]& V4 P+ Z+ Z N7 k% R 68. Sanctuary3 j- M; B4 z' C% k- S1 ]# B$ O4 {
69. Collective disappearance
7 C0 E& b- s; v! o& p i" R5 u' { 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
* B, F$ z9 x/ _( W9 p- G2 W/ l& b/ a4 \* y( `+ A2 D8 ~
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% [2 `( v% d8 s' c+ qTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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1 s6 j3 I2 u& i$ v3 v$ Q+ K
Actions by Consumers
9 U# W) Z0 I( `0 G1 l9 i3 x q/ f 71. Consumers’ boycott
% ?# _- o h: F' ~' ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
5 D* H( i: M: u# t+ G) L$ Y$ N 73. Policy of austerity. U. Z7 ~$ [4 r: ]; w
74. Rent withholding
8 \; p1 A+ K. \! v+ M7 u 75. Refusal to rent; @5 J: Q* {# g0 F/ R
76. National consumers’ boycott
: {4 i: H$ z, S 77. International consumers’ boycott
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Z. J3 M: A2 O$ N6 y. W4 `Action by Workers and Producers
# R' U) H% k. s 78. Workmen’s boycott T% W, n1 w: P2 R- S
79. Producers’ boycott- @/ j! I5 t1 R5 v7 l
4 X" j9 G. K: @; H8 \3 Q- XAction by Middlemen5 y: p" H9 d3 B2 A! o9 t
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
" X+ d2 h8 H$ Z
. W0 _& B; P) @/ _Action by Owners and Management
; ]" I6 ^$ C) l$ V- c H& h% A 81. Traders’ boycott; l$ Z5 r P, t9 F3 t0 {
82. Refusal to let or sell property. C/ i* ?0 q, t* Z5 H: P
83. Lockout+ G3 G+ ^, X4 k9 S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ x1 {1 A2 l q @& S 85. Merchants’ “general strike”
/ G! [5 \4 N4 J& D& k. U
8 u! N( Q6 x4 BAction by Holders of Financial Resources+ O/ Y, e# {) z% h+ Q3 P
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits- T- K* x: G6 f" n( r! O, R
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
) V! G. V: Y6 }5 c4 z% j 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' Q0 ^$ P# n# g& E- \
89. Severance of funds and credit
5 E: s) z! [: \' k6 {2 X6 H 90. Revenue refusal# v" q3 M! M8 Q( f% x! n
91. Refusal of a government’s money* c* J/ Z0 |: `# x B5 P0 q& l! M
2 z- |8 E% U- R; s
Action by Governments
5 k' L. T2 z, _+ `; L 92. Domestic embargo/ B: v) R/ V. j+ |% z
93. Blacklisting of traders
& C( G' j# d/ p& D 94. International sellers’ embargo$ ~9 [" x. L0 j
95. International buyers’ embargo! I" p( O5 p* _0 o. G
96. International trade embargo
$ l; Z# T ^- b$ C9 f
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: {) U& r3 O7 L
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3 f }1 f" p- R+ M. ySymbolic Strikes4 u1 [; [! @. b4 q) Y4 S! W
97. Protest strike d ?3 Z# b& o! X
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)2 P, a+ V2 ?6 R: `
- ] }1 r4 c6 U
Agricultural Strikes/ F$ V: h; `+ d" j
99. Peasant strike
6 v+ |7 d- A! w- q" ]- U7 O 100. Farm Workers’ strike' k0 |( I0 ] s7 S" V# q8 u! y' H
0 E1 V/ X. o: J/ a% d, KStrikes by Special Groups4 y' |( C( a# ]0 b9 C( p2 Z
101. Refusal of impressed labor# F2 t( q. B" F2 M# ^
102. Prisoners’ strike
2 J3 R6 J$ q$ F 103. Craft strike E# {$ U( o' s3 K( S$ R1 o X
104. Professional strike' m% p4 m( }3 P7 l: Z7 `
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Ordinary Industrial Strikes
7 E: ~; F4 ^. u5 m8 b" w 105. Establishment strike8 q9 \3 c, l& i h4 c
106. Industry strike
! N& e; I8 m" k, E+ a: V 107. Sympathetic strike
5 ^8 ]/ f5 C% Q9 Z$ C* A- Z- {! u) s2 J
) ?: k) C7 v" g) c3 \Restricted Strikes7 l( ]( w$ Y+ Z$ j: A7 L# ^
108. Detailed strike
. G. f! g. F8 W+ S6 f. \5 Q 109. Bumper strike
/ W, X0 V8 n: h& \ 110. Slowdown strike
% P! |; Q4 N( I* O: z# h 111. Working-to-rule strike+ Z8 Q/ I/ }, r0 L' y- Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)( e1 o& ?; M4 E) q
113. Strike by resignation0 q: J5 R; Z. H. V# D
114. Limited strike0 z, q/ \! q4 s* ]) i/ a3 H6 J
115. Selective strike
+ h0 \7 ^! c' w0 L
4 D- ~3 x9 d0 T6 }7 yMulti-Industry Strikes+ F* ~. U/ y* e! H. X2 n8 p/ A0 l
1 w6 q" S8 p4 p& c6 M
116. Generalized strike
8 V1 \+ L! @% D- i1 ~: D
" |( j! Z- q9 W) {- c0 V2 K 117. General strike
% ~/ O$ p2 ]& U: Y3 {& M/ M# K8 o5 p9 J# k) p6 D
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
! Q. [: H0 q* F. |: Q
6 ]: ^- G; E- A" h 118. Hartal" G; H! a- c* z# U: O% Z2 d$ \, g
- C) P( W- [( h n8 O 119. Economic shutdown& c+ i* L. ^5 f
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 |+ Y8 ~4 D k- N3 v' H" `
3 C4 X6 v& S" i: R% d5 T: q+ t 7 N# a! U6 h8 C) g2 V3 p+ Z
Rejection of Authority
; I1 j2 m3 ~+ b9 i, ^! q3 k 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
9 l# Z! K% t D4 H$ f 121. Refusal of public support/ i" `( i6 n4 G. L1 Z0 Y
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance" Z- a& m' O- o" L4 r' R
`' z+ a$ k5 m4 f1 l
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government5 |, H- R A# M) `1 {& N
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
/ G( k1 T, q( ~9 ~# W8 K( H 124. Boycott of elections
+ M3 X& }, X: w& g4 V% | 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
; i+ \9 \: ]6 a1 N7 ]. `" p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies5 w' J" O' k6 v, _
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
* ?% O' Y* {9 N( [ 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
2 w8 i: i' x, p: l9 ? 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
* Z6 E6 h- T/ E 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# z2 `3 ~. U' S3 g
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 ]( [: g' s# \9 b& l6 e 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
: \/ K8 C& b. C2 } u+ e2 I0 y; m6 o( E8 K
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
6 s/ e1 _ ~' u, B0 E 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
, ~/ H& W+ I7 d3 T% I/ v 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
; ]3 S( L# p: ]2 Y ]. K 135. Popular nonobedience+ {$ }4 i. g1 Z. N$ G9 r
136. Disguised disobedience/ F! U$ J; t$ S3 k9 z
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; D U g+ J1 a+ Y/ I 138. Sitdown+ p2 I; j+ u7 O4 E
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
8 M" i( x- i$ j1 [ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities! W0 @" t, z* d( g l, h4 p
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws/ [0 K, S/ \& ?" R% d3 v$ w9 f3 V# q
2 w6 D9 {! O- N' h$ J/ A
Action by Government Personnel
9 r/ R4 Z% |* g) l( {1 ? 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
/ y ^8 j. k6 M. ?+ n 143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ `3 D* {' ^8 Y P! x7 W3 X
144. Stalling and obstruction. T n9 q+ N; N* t2 m, C
145. General administrative noncooperation
) y1 X$ Z4 N) Z, N4 q1 z, l# o/ W9 U. c5 F, |
146. Judicial noncooperation% [4 c* m; n4 o. |& I) n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ g0 A' r- Q, E5 F1 y# l1 Z
148. Mutiny4 U) z) x4 J9 z
Domestic Governmental Action
: m6 g0 C9 b$ N* o- B8 f! e. x 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
4 n6 D" Q- \# d 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
% n; @/ @: o$ B: g$ _# U( v, r
S, A. }3 \- u. E9 h% \4 aInternational Governmental Action
9 ]8 g4 H: d) X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! W: e2 b# D: A2 Y5 O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ l* U9 S( x" r& c4 A- t) o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: } ` x. o* ~' L& ^1 G; [ 154. Severance of diplomatic relations9 n- ]# A, ]) z; ^
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
5 C1 M3 N' [8 j0 e 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
; ]# ]+ a; w8 P# f3 H 157. Expulsion from international organizations
9 I& f* M# o4 z: L5 P* ~, M; t2 D
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: X9 c& @& Q' h4 m" HTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION) I! G: q1 `- |" W. l
5 [* N5 R- a7 ]+ X
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Psychological Intervention0 C4 G4 Z9 q+ _0 U2 K$ g! i
158. Self-exposure to the elements
- F3 V6 P4 \7 w' r+ f: j 159. The fast
4 k. j# v# u( v7 M a) Fast of moral pressure: N) L2 ~6 S( Y6 M: G
b) Hunger strike
. i) R8 [: e' B' R3 L& S8 M% j# G c) Satyagrahic fast
+ V% e. [' m& _2 U: h3 { 160. Reverse trial
9 K7 Y; f, f4 a, e* }# F 161. Nonviolent harassment' f' t& s" x# W) F( k2 I
1 u0 u: |1 q0 }7 _; e) HPhysical Intervention
3 @+ H! ~ R8 N 162. Sit-in
! e/ \# B4 v/ d( t! ` 163. Stand-in
7 q `( t; I# A) w* {8 V 164. Ride-in( @+ z3 D; u: f, f8 `
165. Wade-in
+ s: Z; f' p8 ~+ t) }4 e9 {& J 166. Mill-in5 a7 K. P+ O/ y* ^% q5 {1 u7 W* o O$ P
167. Pray-in# U/ g+ I$ K/ X! i* c
168. Nonviolent raids1 j) V# O1 g D; l
169. Nonviolent air raids. t2 G( _9 r& ~" J2 {" W, P
170. Nonviolent invasion
( h( }+ e. n/ i' k' u& m& r 171. Nonviolent interjection
( D" `8 A0 I5 n 172. Nonviolent obstruction
* L5 k7 n* G! S5 _ 173. Nonviolent occupation
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6 S5 z% P' V* oSocial Intervention9 M( P+ x8 H/ V" l+ ?6 j
174. Establishing new social patterns( F( x; K T9 D# |7 s4 K' D
175. Overloading of facilities
, L, Z s% G: s' Q$ B 176. Stall-in9 R8 r* A+ k7 E' @$ o3 F6 e
177. Speak-in
& `0 m" P9 o m0 D) |0 B6 D 178. Guerrilla theater
1 [1 z% Z8 _: ]2 U 179. Alternative social institutions
4 A1 e; `. C, B. r/ S 180. Alternative communication system
5 J7 L/ |$ j# F1 C8 |( K' q+ x
Economic Intervention4 b+ a/ D7 a+ y( s- p. o" A
181. Reverse strike1 \. n8 |6 l0 @7 z+ `
182. Stay-in strike
9 v9 r2 \. W4 w4 X# Z7 N8 f7 ~ 183. Nonviolent land seizure
p$ g; \& }& ` 184. Defiance of blockades
* q% C' F9 }' `" E 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
+ R& F# ]) S7 C& C+ t0 L 186. Preclusive purchasing
9 N1 K7 Q/ K1 k7 d; {& S& | 187. Seizure of assets) U* r }) y5 m2 E0 v C5 L) F ~& n
188. Dumping G2 u$ @4 I5 W( u2 V
189. Selective patronage* f8 j9 D5 x, m% [" e( E. V2 h
190. Alternative markets' ^+ E- X4 Q% W0 B
191. Alternative transportation systems0 w- P- h6 F! x4 B
192. Alternative economic institutions0 w8 H2 ?' i- j/ U
% ^8 r" \& a/ d3 ]Political Intervention
( f( w) o* x: N8 ^ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
- L( X- q% J" }7 s% o8 M: ~% n. d$ X 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 N9 }; Q: n3 C 195. Seeking imprisonment; V$ E( }1 V* O% a; I; _
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
1 y1 e8 ]7 F7 M/ I( [0 j$ g: e 197. Work-on without collaboration
, t/ l0 V" W1 ]7 X 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
