 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION' r( p& t* \1 J/ w; h
Formal Statements
; X& s8 |' a+ z3 Z+ O% N# h 1. Public Speeches: u+ m; j- L/ r/ B
2. Letters of opposition or support
; s% V0 _2 A+ n 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions+ Z9 X, \' Q& e" T
4. Signed public statements
% t* g) c+ u8 Z& |" y) q1 G8 a 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
, N9 o) D% t" s1 d$ m. W# \ 6. Group or mass petitions
# t- m0 u; A# s- F& [( ?( q' b- I, X0 j% Y _
Communications with a Wider Audience- S. j8 c# G4 G! I* v4 M. @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols9 P. O! @1 r3 e2 T; q7 B' e1 I) `, J6 f
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications# t! F! P+ r) V z. C
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books- V# E$ A; p3 C6 M Z- P D5 h# b
10. Newspapers and journals
0 l7 ^7 d! }: @/ K4 V 11. Records, radio, and television
) Z) k! K7 |5 E, W% N6 n9 a/ q4 ]; l 12. Skywriting and earthwriting9 o$ q9 }3 ^' S
: d4 P# n, H2 R" P, p, a* ZGroup Representations
4 I1 Y7 W* N5 i+ s; m) ^ 13. Deputations
/ @2 r# n) N7 c. l+ h- ^ 14. Mock awards
/ z6 f+ ]4 ] a1 a" E* M" _ 15. Group lobbying
+ E7 i6 B7 h% x, b 16. Picketing0 K1 x: S5 V. z5 p
17. Mock elections
2 n) C i* }7 E$ l6 s. W5 S4 E8 n* n
Symbolic Public Acts
8 O9 {$ a& E% x+ p+ B0 q( C0 S8 C+ N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors# ]( c% z6 G/ F+ e& j1 J& ^5 m6 v/ Y
19. Wearing of symbols# [- u- I* b+ [5 v1 j6 G0 Y
20. Prayer and worship
7 R& E4 V7 C' H! m1 ?. J3 @ 21. Delivering symbolic objects
# b. o b, v y1 g 22. Protest disrobings
6 q b& F5 K, I t 23. Destruction of own property/ Z0 I% W* i3 ?- E. d7 S6 a
24. Symbolic lights
E: y0 U. ]$ c/ T+ q 25. Displays of portraits3 K2 F4 I7 b G1 ]( X4 C
26. Paint as protest/ Y0 y$ _; r2 U# j! X7 `
27. New signs and names$ I! W) w* {* r& e6 A
28. Symbolic sounds
8 h2 Q: b5 l. m* U+ k h+ G 29. Symbolic reclamations
8 @" a1 U, g" T, L- M1 C 30. Rude gestures3 m' `. M( E% |! k5 _, [# X
& b% w1 w D' o X! i! TPressures on Individuals
3 ]& k5 S8 q1 A8 h7 `( U 31. “Haunting” officials- Y( w# B& c6 S! Z0 e' Q6 _1 d
32. Taunting officials
. f# e3 O# Y' O4 G 33. Fraternization' g0 m# R! y( D0 o; A r* Z
34. Vigils5 r& s+ p+ W5 u/ v) v
. u* i+ o5 ^; v6 o7 L5 y4 P0 R
Drama and Music6 w& z" D# E6 ?" O- ^( N: A
35. Humorous skits and pranks' ^5 v# D9 w" U; z% F
36. Performances of plays and music
# } ~- R' {2 t2 c: m 37. Singing5 @ L+ X0 O! t* i
7 A+ q& | p( `3 @4 m
Processions
0 U. y$ o! s( t6 j 38. Marches
9 D! r# C+ r. f& C6 T 39. Parades/ T; f: [6 W, b7 O
40. Religious processions
- i0 M5 A. a! W, v: P1 K5 y 41. Pilgrimages
+ A7 _4 o+ Y( Z 42. Motorcades
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, Y9 x: p+ M* Y7 l( T6 {2 S aHonoring the Dead. Q* W0 ^; A/ w, [
43. Political mourning5 l' J1 a2 N9 J9 P
44. Mock funerals! M# }) i3 u$ }/ C! ?. p4 i5 w
45. Demonstrative funerals
6 |& i4 B+ V" J# Y& a r& ]; v7 @4 b 46. Homage at burial places
* y* n5 X3 D. e: d1 T: i @4 M3 H" L. x3 r
Public Assemblies# @% Z: U/ ]0 `) s8 {* l
47. Assemblies of protest or support# `8 m& c+ `' g+ [) i/ D6 w1 [
48. Protest meetings
4 R8 ~' z8 f/ K6 A1 q, r 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 W# m2 b$ e# z# Z" r
50. Teach-ins
* I/ D6 S O$ C/ d& M& h/ Q+ U+ M$ ]! Q2 t8 g1 c
Withdrawal and Renunciation: d8 B$ ^' E% t
51. Walk-outs
. G2 J& Y2 G3 C( j. | 52. Silence
: x, n! D; b+ V4 s2 D 53. Renouncing honors
9 O* d9 d1 o) Z5 H3 Z1 r, y 54. Turning one’s back! ^/ Q* T- A9 E, }4 P- Z4 l1 k; i
$ M* Q3 f3 \! d% X4 y, a! T) y
3 d5 N7 g8 l1 Z ? }2 T- f. L b' k5 [9 u
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
' ?' F% q8 r: B w; @. z7 C
& D, Z8 \: @' t, C/ V6 G2 c & h. {2 U( h4 S3 V
5 ~0 Z5 l8 @. c/ V2 D4 V8 K( mOstracism of Persons# s$ N! \+ i# V7 ?: a
55. Social boycott
; W/ N, `8 a' e Y+ m0 X 56. Selective social boycott
3 d" L0 G5 m, p Z/ B' P% i- ^ 57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ N+ K) I& ^) N3 ^4 J 58. Excommunication
+ I. s: o1 w% o, ]8 @4 X 59. Interdict
8 d7 q8 K i) l/ L K2 P# Q$ P# U0 t% j9 Z: r0 y
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions7 y/ ^8 Z- J5 H- A* o
60. Suspension of social and sports activities+ H6 c v: i( `
61. Boycott of social affairs
. k; u3 A. {- m8 o ~3 K 62. Student strike
: p3 h8 H Z2 t5 y* L 63. Social disobedience
9 h# x# B# s+ {, o 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
2 R; v# J5 w3 @ {& O; P8 @/ V# A- b& F0 z+ ]: e
Withdrawal from the Social System- m. p5 N! h1 ^% V
65. Stay-at-home
: i& N# p' u7 Q, W' J 66. Total personal noncooperation5 I# w6 A! e7 f* T- ]
67. “Flight” of workers/ }2 d0 g, @. v" M }+ R. X
68. Sanctuary/ \! }) _8 T3 _4 |2 \1 H: G& _* N
69. Collective disappearance
- v! N8 x. Y& c4 l$ o8 x9 k 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
" ~8 Y* J8 _7 K: l/ t7 z+ S, e+ E
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# o% N. M3 O( |; x- s0 Q6 a2 p: @THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
9 X2 }$ J; `1 U0 Q3 b: G2 d8 Y& a8 m% V* [, z" ~* u
. K; ~+ Y5 }2 q' ~) n: T2 g5 G
Actions by Consumers' n; l7 C+ H' F- X
71. Consumers’ boycott4 s q+ ~% i- L' C
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods7 G5 r4 r8 m9 C" o! G# r, g' ?3 G
73. Policy of austerity
9 i, t9 w6 Z7 Y& t4 n0 r# c% Z# i 74. Rent withholding
2 S$ p, m: H7 Q 75. Refusal to rent
. A4 |- v6 s4 a I. U9 k 76. National consumers’ boycott+ B+ Z, |( s8 R$ t1 }, ^
77. International consumers’ boycott
4 R0 I! m c- e2 \/ n S
4 X u7 d' C7 m2 M- eAction by Workers and Producers
* A6 R+ a" n; h 78. Workmen’s boycott
% w6 Q0 J) x& t# z1 I 79. Producers’ boycott; \3 k0 e. b5 W0 @. L# Y
3 M! g) [5 f" ?' T: F* `+ c
Action by Middlemen
. L2 t: P* E, ?, @ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott6 t, S5 ]; a- a* b" L
& ?" ]. o: H7 U4 h2 N0 ^
Action by Owners and Management1 z4 M/ u/ [& V a7 H% w
81. Traders’ boycott
: f# b, K0 X @# @1 A: q% N* w 82. Refusal to let or sell property( l) T, t) {5 l$ ^- r- [
83. Lockout7 I! E; c# K$ p# Q, B3 K2 c
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
) t: o2 I# |( T* G8 o% d 85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ q/ N$ H$ Q. L4 w
1 c( E' i7 s. H1 K+ ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources' \" ?9 l( @1 @$ c
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! }$ n- t# ?1 O" e4 W 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
4 q3 a4 Y! J9 S$ i& b 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
- B; b6 f& t+ p+ J4 D 89. Severance of funds and credit/ J8 N% W Y* G3 G4 [! a0 h
90. Revenue refusal
4 F% u" Z( R. y8 { 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 r" r/ X W7 j, M+ L1 k4 K- F p
~ }6 K1 p( r& k3 A, w& c+ K4 FAction by Governments
$ N5 j; R2 [: x# A+ ^( c7 ]) a 92. Domestic embargo
" N5 ^: W, T3 s, q g9 D# h 93. Blacklisting of traders& @1 M, V) j6 J- O7 K5 f: q
94. International sellers’ embargo
, [$ c) T8 d0 C4 v; n. f; [ 95. International buyers’ embargo6 _0 z- D+ D, i4 P/ G5 u( j2 z
96. International trade embargo1 E' q# r& O9 F7 R
2 i% B N4 @3 e/ Y% {$ a
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+ l" }9 s" }' _. V5 z# z; `THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 u4 Y+ P) _$ D0 N" X- o2 d" `: k0 R: M7 s+ L0 Q* `
& S2 Q0 Y" `! ^+ I [ N" L0 ]1 s
Symbolic Strikes1 M+ q# d' |- F1 C
97. Protest strike" h9 |$ W$ u8 s% E; w1 C# M- x
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
$ a7 P; z/ v2 @
& |, s9 g) r* w, Y) jAgricultural Strikes
* |. I- r* B, f. D" @3 h 99. Peasant strike* C0 t# V9 @5 w8 p) h
100. Farm Workers’ strike
- o( _7 M ?$ O8 F( B/ }
7 q* X# ?5 m9 P6 `! ^& SStrikes by Special Groups
& K# f- W# |7 T8 @* ^ 101. Refusal of impressed labor
3 F8 K3 Q& `, q% r L 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 V6 X$ v! Z6 B L/ ~7 u/ D 103. Craft strike) u3 N0 A7 t; }, ^1 `* _7 e( ?
104. Professional strike
$ m: d4 w, r3 D, l" e/ e+ {- x/ w, o" n, x2 g7 ?! }
Ordinary Industrial Strikes
9 z7 j5 ^, q1 t* L' F+ M 105. Establishment strike( }+ B+ O* o" V; O/ v3 T) V
106. Industry strike- X1 B4 M) ^. J- B0 o) A9 e
107. Sympathetic strike
8 s7 V# V% d0 m/ ~2 M& I+ _7 u X2 i+ C! ]
Restricted Strikes }5 `: u/ R6 G0 h& W+ [
108. Detailed strike x8 \- o: Z- G! r5 E4 Q
109. Bumper strike
/ U* o# h* a. E5 }# p1 p$ ` 110. Slowdown strike
1 z# ]8 {/ m9 ?9 c; b$ } 111. Working-to-rule strike) {4 g; \1 u* B, V& V8 ?7 v
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
% j+ }7 Q8 R& d8 C! N. r) _; A 113. Strike by resignation8 d3 o4 X$ M( x/ B
114. Limited strike# g, _% A& ~ V4 w5 U
115. Selective strike: }+ y0 J6 q! N* d
2 y) i! L1 B7 C% q9 D7 JMulti-Industry Strikes+ G, a0 h$ N# ^& \9 ]$ {6 [! S3 m
8 @- I1 O% m8 U, g 116. Generalized strike
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117. General strike
. y0 T8 Q# I; s7 A: u; F, P5 a8 n9 j# \/ [( x# J& \8 Y0 F
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures$ L X, O/ ?& {7 O1 v) e% Y
% N; C1 ^( \: K0 [
118. Hartal
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& y6 S/ K8 H7 K- N1 `1 X 119. Economic shutdown3 _' ~% M \+ r# U4 J7 u
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5 b7 O+ D2 Y$ \3 f1 L' PTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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: h5 H; r3 i, ^
Rejection of Authority) Z% |* E) j% j. }# G) {2 o
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; L" T5 j. o$ Q5 N1 o
121. Refusal of public support
& y3 Y3 \, k2 S/ C2 m 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 ` T% m$ y# o. {, s+ L" |: D% t
9 e" S8 Y" m3 k! d7 D( eCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
, ^( [. D I. c _2 P! ]2 R* ^ 123. Boycott of legislative bodies7 z- g; a+ H4 G3 Z+ ]( z; d1 p
124. Boycott of elections/ ^. `7 G! h$ p$ [
125. Boycott of government employment and positions! Y5 D/ a5 u5 w0 _% p, \
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies% T |* X5 M9 U1 d$ J
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions7 ?6 l: n% X2 `5 b
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations( z1 v8 ^1 T8 z+ S3 A+ q2 B7 _; T
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
# ~; c, L$ M7 P& e 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
8 I' ]$ [% Q5 |2 ^1 ~, h* G 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. S" Z0 Q' X' d& P& x9 x 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions M. ?+ [# [0 a1 n! S
) O) u; @3 c- t7 O' w8 }
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience5 A" _, I) C5 ~- u0 l1 {/ a
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
7 t' _ d: G$ u# s1 p& b 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
: k8 h. ~8 E- t# [% b0 [6 o& f 135. Popular nonobedience- R _; M. N1 m% O3 O* S/ B/ i
136. Disguised disobedience
, L6 X8 z( @# E5 i8 E T! a 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
; C% E, k# R4 d2 l1 i& ^! g 138. Sitdown7 o" M# ^( @2 l& z# P! v" e
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
' ?3 n) s. q: p7 @ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities& b- y" C9 |- ?2 l$ N! k
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
( g3 M' c' }, L7 a
7 @; E: y* l% A; pAction by Government Personnel
# l+ P6 J, K- X 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
. N W: f* H* {, I! j1 Z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* X+ B0 l" v: W 144. Stalling and obstruction0 `- z, @" i, ]
145. General administrative noncooperation, ?3 U) E5 Y- y6 i( v+ b
4 S, _$ ~$ R% S! t0 [. G. Q" w
146. Judicial noncooperation
2 ] V1 [8 I% V, P( G 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents) T0 }, C% n3 ]9 P) e3 l
148. Mutiny
5 Y$ _0 n/ |+ yDomestic Governmental Action
0 L& E" J3 k) f! t9 ? 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
% |5 D! y: k" d: b! S 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units d: T! |0 l$ P, b1 I( z! }6 ]
) a: W' Q# R6 o
International Governmental Action
) g# _9 v1 }% A3 P% B$ p 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations! E9 s) x0 I: j5 r7 W q
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! o9 F) F5 Q; O" G' ] 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
6 [( |; K K: I- B$ T9 Q2 w e# b 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
& [6 a7 ~& I$ A! I3 T 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
; ?/ R4 r+ H6 a7 f8 O: E5 D2 O 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies7 D/ m4 s: |; H8 J" @
157. Expulsion from international organizations3 g; u6 a* z- |4 w% l5 e3 r: `
7 i% h; Q: y9 v& c, y
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) t( B2 E4 r" |; z4 j/ TTHE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION0 J4 J% H- H0 u/ y' T
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2 m9 K+ I' v! C$ z, \Psychological Intervention
! w' D2 {: I$ \5 [. P4 E 158. Self-exposure to the elements
9 I9 y5 y: [9 I5 h8 I$ t2 {- m" C& L 159. The fast
2 R% W, ^3 [, l' i* Q9 X% |6 L a) Fast of moral pressure
# f' v* O' U" L6 p& x1 }9 V b) Hunger strike
2 g: b& X4 \. j; M- D c) Satyagrahic fast5 Z9 E) f- g- o9 |( V1 }2 B" S b
160. Reverse trial# m* a, ^# k$ D- O Z8 ?
161. Nonviolent harassment
% M2 f5 D: p7 X0 u
: Z- [ Y& k4 g* D, YPhysical Intervention
, H1 j/ R6 ]* @, q, s& l+ Q 162. Sit-in
8 W4 f7 z1 H8 V+ M% b! H, ` 163. Stand-in
. F% n& @& x; b3 N! y; \1 T$ ` 164. Ride-in
6 F6 R2 C5 p7 U; E$ X6 Z* B: y 165. Wade-in
6 n& y! K; R C4 ~! t7 X- @" g 166. Mill-in# ^: q& g6 |4 ~2 A
167. Pray-in
2 j) E3 {0 _4 r 168. Nonviolent raids
6 Z+ _: [/ l& I# Z: v0 b4 } 169. Nonviolent air raids" t2 \- j: H2 B9 k5 ^2 f
170. Nonviolent invasion
! _/ t. G* g; Q; M& ~* f) } 171. Nonviolent interjection
8 v( R# e" i! x; K 172. Nonviolent obstruction+ u/ C& Y, `" u7 z/ x* y( Y5 Q
173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
" E7 r$ E$ ^+ i& S, X: E 174. Establishing new social patterns
& }* V0 S2 }0 O/ D0 m3 _ ^ 175. Overloading of facilities
2 ^% p+ {6 G" e7 h 176. Stall-in
* l+ v; F* }' z; P 177. Speak-in
~: i+ s4 G$ V' W 178. Guerrilla theater
0 a( V+ M& c+ |4 ]% R ~ 179. Alternative social institutions
7 C& h9 t8 v' j1 B 180. Alternative communication system8 A- F* h7 T# a# ?) v0 |2 z
1 {0 J3 _, s( g% I7 h! O
Economic Intervention
* ~2 X+ T) T$ }3 h) ~$ g" N 181. Reverse strike
* u. {+ J) p( c3 \: W, Y 182. Stay-in strike
9 z/ O6 B7 C# a0 t1 m 183. Nonviolent land seizure$ V" `# @8 R# ?+ K
184. Defiance of blockades7 X+ J, N" C. A0 c! v& C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting& n+ Z2 ^+ c: v0 N# h
186. Preclusive purchasing/ O0 _9 w3 Q' U7 A1 x
187. Seizure of assets
. ^3 d0 c* ^6 x( _ 188. Dumping4 y4 }5 ]5 [3 K+ H
189. Selective patronage
1 ?+ p, A8 P, E 190. Alternative markets
; v; M8 P5 e: P+ p6 s* t- e- K 191. Alternative transportation systems4 _, o E4 L+ \2 N+ M5 y
192. Alternative economic institutions
8 ?: A( w9 U1 [7 B; e; Y$ m. y+ X& E) i% o+ m' ]# l
Political Intervention, o2 b9 T1 R) u( t+ ^, p
193. Overloading of administrative systems
# P0 E, O" o4 P, O9 B 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents5 z4 r5 f% r; E: [
195. Seeking imprisonment
6 v# ~4 L P2 o. I 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 N- T; ^8 H' B6 o* t
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 F- e' p0 V) P& F) n) |' @' a5 i1 E- } 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( J# w4 G a, E$ z( @* S5 [( q7 X
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
