 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 z4 o8 u& w1 P; U
Formal Statements
* C" }, q, O0 t4 G" G1 y2 Q+ ]+ D 1. Public Speeches2 Z: t+ z8 c" s+ Z \" d
2. Letters of opposition or support
8 q) B! K9 I' ? u 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions! ~# a% P9 h2 B# A+ Q
4. Signed public statements& ~1 u$ p$ ~+ n# [- z
5. Declarations of indictment and intention' _/ X0 ]+ i2 B& z# u
6. Group or mass petitions/ g$ F% M& v+ q
" @4 o$ ^: N7 _2 Y" q
Communications with a Wider Audience7 I( \7 i4 e: S& g$ @- }! @5 h
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 _' G4 ]- f$ o* X; z 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
# \' w; I/ ]: X2 x 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- G' U" {0 N e2 K* B) H 10. Newspapers and journals/ B* F0 q, `7 K4 {% z
11. Records, radio, and television6 U# a1 F ~. C6 G
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
" Z% t0 Z9 P. S/ c3 c" u+ G) M
# G, a+ w) a3 X3 g Z# \2 HGroup Representations# h1 a2 z* A+ K+ r! O$ ~
13. Deputations
' A' Q6 _: c& I v: Q% y 14. Mock awards
! z$ A2 [2 H8 c& t 15. Group lobbying) J: {( ? J, t, Y$ E
16. Picketing
6 L3 Q. r9 U7 }- f; J 17. Mock elections
+ j" h u1 y/ G# x1 j; z% F
4 z/ q, J, F8 m! L$ d3 SSymbolic Public Acts; V3 p* \; t, N; m2 g4 S" C" S( a9 G
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors$ C5 |- Y! x3 |- ~: o
19. Wearing of symbols) T+ c$ G! V. z5 K, k
20. Prayer and worship; c! @2 q6 G/ h8 t a, o/ c
21. Delivering symbolic objects& O9 F0 \/ ^" g9 j l) j
22. Protest disrobings0 Q/ P- ~! J) q& A. h
23. Destruction of own property
0 E3 y7 H) N" k" _# R2 E 24. Symbolic lights5 I4 ~& ]7 ~# Y
25. Displays of portraits% W. j9 [5 ^. p) h) x* c! [
26. Paint as protest+ k) l+ g9 K2 Q) L6 B+ Z* x
27. New signs and names' C& H/ c5 @) i" W* \. N$ @3 D, @
28. Symbolic sounds
3 n; l4 J6 _" k( s0 m9 R9 { 29. Symbolic reclamations
% S8 U# Y, n* I. q& z3 H* { 30. Rude gestures
$ A, [5 y, d: c4 G# U( o; s* \/ Y5 N0 t( J- I* Y( z
Pressures on Individuals
3 f# J' _- `* q5 C; ~; N 31. “Haunting” officials4 k" t" T; v3 T9 [- p
32. Taunting officials# v& D7 D' ?! c
33. Fraternization
& p$ H( m* s9 v# E4 p 34. Vigils3 K5 q& u6 G; }& v
; }- i0 Q. c' R# b
Drama and Music: h% I: ~% X3 t# N ? ?4 _
35. Humorous skits and pranks* Q# \3 ?* U9 d& ~& d5 `
36. Performances of plays and music! q& J( r$ v' O' d2 V5 U7 ~) d
37. Singing/ \& X: z0 ?3 S% s4 ?
9 ]' C/ P- z7 f6 V# `# {Processions
X" O F: D, ~0 Y; y; E. e 38. Marches
; g$ x3 J' b1 l* W5 Z0 A0 L 39. Parades( @5 U6 v, y5 D- S6 T
40. Religious processions
, l) X( j% V. g' d 41. Pilgrimages0 J% t+ w! h- U3 ^% N; J
42. Motorcades
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Honoring the Dead% C, i+ e$ ^& s: Z. F H
43. Political mourning
/ G- O' S8 u% X# E' N) N 44. Mock funerals
) H" K0 t; a* F7 e 45. Demonstrative funerals. M0 a8 k( F5 C S& R& C
46. Homage at burial places. I B6 X, r, F6 W( ~
" h2 w+ Z; Z8 xPublic Assemblies
^5 W1 w$ h2 x3 g. Z' D7 D 47. Assemblies of protest or support
/ x- n. G- K7 `: W$ B* x8 O 48. Protest meetings$ f- [9 _% O) G: ^; p+ Y& v
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest$ | s+ ^: C* _( f% G; h9 ?
50. Teach-ins/ l9 U6 H3 V! u1 b: _
$ {4 }6 y7 i* J- wWithdrawal and Renunciation
5 P1 p" i% ~8 R7 _, D 51. Walk-outs* }( o) k1 r- E @/ r/ O
52. Silence2 t4 {3 z/ Q i/ S
53. Renouncing honors
( R2 r0 j" g' ~1 V 54. Turning one’s back
* ?4 o8 y, I- F9 B- L- B
5 g3 x) f2 E& k5 b& M
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! K! x) b0 u# b1 w9 C- pTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION+ s4 X1 ?( }6 C2 `& m# o! a/ }& S
; i0 v7 B) e3 Y( g* F + l0 A0 H$ d2 ]! c7 F0 J
* ~2 i1 g- M0 X( ]6 E! ?; A" p
Ostracism of Persons
5 x" e/ n o5 { 55. Social boycott# N7 p* e8 W8 u& e
56. Selective social boycott
1 q7 \! M; x& \7 p4 T* @ 57. Lysistratic nonaction, g/ ]$ I4 P) m" \/ d6 R: V
58. Excommunication/ m x" g3 ]# \4 H; Z% T
59. Interdict* ^8 W8 u: m8 o
: {4 D5 z9 c( y. n/ O! l. s+ ^( ^
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
4 L. ]# g; B5 Z0 j% g' ?$ E 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
3 n1 \' G( K8 I& m% X7 D# j 61. Boycott of social affairs
6 m& X% g9 M6 ^6 X: E5 j 62. Student strike
1 y. u$ ~* n Q 63. Social disobedience d- h- l; p2 M: R" M; R. \" f
64. Withdrawal from social institutions8 X2 ~' T5 _3 B- h" |- r3 s" V' a
3 {: r1 w% ~/ J
Withdrawal from the Social System5 `0 B' M1 Z9 O; ^4 R7 @. o. E- z
65. Stay-at-home
1 `/ Z, R6 p& h, @6 F7 f 66. Total personal noncooperation
; J' c# Q) n. X0 J5 u0 S* M 67. “Flight” of workers0 K( {4 s! c# Q/ N
68. Sanctuary
7 g4 v7 }: P5 L$ ^. m 69. Collective disappearance
5 c. c( m4 P% H5 e7 E 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)' u$ G; \1 `4 c: C7 O9 S4 O1 K
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& |/ G6 K0 Z1 [$ A1 k3 F, t& \8 v0 kTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS- a/ U9 Y6 r- S2 Z
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! R; S J! ~1 d2 |+ ^Actions by Consumers$ X V- f m2 i. Y+ h
71. Consumers’ boycott
: u, R7 B3 q1 d; I _3 c: ] 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
) M) _4 p5 x3 n3 g 73. Policy of austerity1 J' A/ J' H0 ^4 B9 s
74. Rent withholding
4 C% U0 O$ ^! ? 75. Refusal to rent
+ R* a4 [1 w! E8 e! B- V 76. National consumers’ boycott
9 m! t1 Q9 k) l4 A8 a: A 77. International consumers’ boycott
) ?9 t$ r# K9 h: {& L/ M. K/ ?) v/ S5 B
Action by Workers and Producers
- {. |( W/ B6 n 78. Workmen’s boycott6 E t, {- s, k! c- H( B* l
79. Producers’ boycott
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7 O( J$ u' X7 F; ^, ?Action by Middlemen
* K7 R x8 h( a' G; i 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
; q' K) e6 `4 }9 O6 ]& o2 c
6 W& d& P1 U9 D- ]; EAction by Owners and Management
# l h! |' b* p0 y1 @: q 81. Traders’ boycott' ?0 n" _6 ^" a" k5 A) @+ Q
82. Refusal to let or sell property' k5 k- `# S) i+ J0 V& m' y W9 @
83. Lockout# f$ I. k! v! Z g' x- x8 T9 e
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 y7 N8 n* H7 [7 L
85. Merchants’ “general strike”' Q5 }+ |3 v: W/ }
1 K: d' W! _7 _ A
Action by Holders of Financial Resources/ ~# i+ G' e9 \$ X2 ]; Y
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
5 C# q0 z. [' `% N4 P7 L7 Z3 | 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
0 C- m6 p; f" ?% c 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
& F! t( b& E3 o) _5 c" N1 f7 S6 M 89. Severance of funds and credit2 D) u3 U+ B3 }
90. Revenue refusal
4 C* Q! r% Z5 E7 a& ^5 x) u 91. Refusal of a government’s money
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Action by Governments1 `8 T" G* K+ c4 x
92. Domestic embargo. G* i- r5 p$ Q: c8 _
93. Blacklisting of traders
3 g5 I" O$ v2 i6 ^" x \. H 94. International sellers’ embargo
, G! K2 }% d7 T- ~& ]' O5 q9 ^ 95. International buyers’ embargo
- m/ K6 a" D& ]2 t' v6 D 96. International trade embargo; @- E8 M4 b. K) m6 \
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE( f* u/ Q9 q9 l8 K, e, n1 c
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& |6 O) ?- c6 b1 K k% A5 \4 c6 `8 rSymbolic Strikes7 ]9 o9 \% S" G: [' n6 ]7 B
97. Protest strike
1 }3 D: N9 k V 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike). X: M8 a/ S/ q" p2 k
! S: D4 J9 f) @2 b, @Agricultural Strikes
$ z2 E' x. }# S) L* m: P 99. Peasant strike. k- Q3 b- O; }3 `" c( @5 B
100. Farm Workers’ strike ]5 t3 d4 v! l
) Q' h: j- o0 x6 L# J* t
Strikes by Special Groups% a( M& J% E2 r+ s3 v% X
101. Refusal of impressed labor
G6 v- W- a5 Y. z# W) n$ ] 102. Prisoners’ strike
+ r8 O2 M& F$ ]' Z0 `3 J) B: G 103. Craft strike; O2 ^( d& a" I {! x
104. Professional strike
9 ?/ ?7 x3 s5 p, Z$ w% {
1 G! B1 Z. C% G! [7 k9 |Ordinary Industrial Strikes
# k9 S# b5 Y6 |+ o 105. Establishment strike1 J6 k5 |% g l5 R5 g
106. Industry strike
) a! P0 A) E; ^, B" ? 107. Sympathetic strike
, `( z' K7 J0 L* Y
, r' c" d- O; fRestricted Strikes; j3 U3 K1 z g# I
108. Detailed strike
# [) a1 r9 z8 n/ i8 ? 109. Bumper strike
2 G `/ ~& z7 a( V 110. Slowdown strike
5 d0 M( b+ [0 ^; |+ W 111. Working-to-rule strike
+ ^$ @3 u4 B5 Y4 o. s( l. s4 \% w% u% n 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
8 X* E& v% ^# x. U4 I 113. Strike by resignation
6 F* W: L: w, r4 B' b) u 114. Limited strike
/ ]# b; V; N9 i3 X) I( k7 G 115. Selective strike% r) G3 A: L% h+ ]7 @
& O# h+ G. P7 yMulti-Industry Strikes: d0 ~: R9 j; H7 p4 w" L9 `8 f
7 C3 P' Y$ {3 B3 l- z+ X
116. Generalized strike& ~+ Q2 j- K$ t. D* a$ S
N. [9 {* Z3 k+ x- b$ j 117. General strike% I) |; o1 C' g0 B' }
2 _+ {( w6 u, {Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures0 [3 \6 n8 u% ^: B9 d
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118. Hartal! Q; u0 L3 c- j
# ~' n$ O2 n+ `$ |' ?# U; d 119. Economic shutdown
4 |$ l* y" z) Q7 o
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION" r/ h3 U8 C G$ ~- ^
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Rejection of Authority4 {. H6 C) D/ Q8 t% ]9 _& X
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% Z6 O6 u# S2 t; [6 F 121. Refusal of public support
+ G; V6 i6 J& V8 W& D 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance/ ~- e3 t% s+ X" ]8 h$ s9 b
! _5 c: ?3 x8 O+ m% P0 ~* C
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government! B) ^$ S% E6 Z. J, X& n: ~; w
123. Boycott of legislative bodies1 {% P8 V* M! g7 `5 Y
124. Boycott of elections- o( ?/ S. d7 f3 r
125. Boycott of government employment and positions: |' o, b# `" o0 _. M
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
; R7 ~ d- p+ u5 {- ?+ l 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 y9 M1 Q1 K8 n* u/ A$ n 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations8 E( F" ]+ l$ x& T1 y2 w5 a2 X0 [
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents3 D& N* d# k/ f4 a* ~. F6 ]+ i
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks9 l; w# I4 j1 h& Z8 K# h. r% H5 a
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
. u! T7 ^3 k, c6 {5 G+ @1 N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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8 V# a$ G1 i, K1 JCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience h4 Y: J; K7 A) M) p, K& i
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
# S/ [# t! o# K; O% t 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision" O* g- p, m0 ?1 f, M6 u# Q3 D
135. Popular nonobedience
# @- `! R0 @7 K! H0 R 136. Disguised disobedience1 b) y$ q- \+ P O; e
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse2 N, f; Q6 G, S
138. Sitdown
9 i1 ]9 P% o1 h: `9 w 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: _2 y; ?0 U0 H* ~2 ]3 F4 i 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities/ }( D2 A" J' J8 X5 ?1 r d: K: q
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ G, a( S' g0 N; f6 n! V7 S
. T/ l2 D* F" Q+ ^ I' EAction by Government Personnel- T) g* t% M, C, O F S/ p
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides- o) Z. [$ V. v. _9 u9 R8 a( F# A
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
; i- \: B- u1 ~* S5 s. F 144. Stalling and obstruction1 D$ ~: ~7 \- u/ _
145. General administrative noncooperation9 _- O2 f, m6 T: H- ~+ o
& s4 p, h) j7 [* g" B 146. Judicial noncooperation: @, a; ]2 N& z8 t' c, J
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
0 n* ]% q$ a1 U+ K# i- m- d* n" M4 ] 148. Mutiny
1 A% `; u; U1 _$ wDomestic Governmental Action# X2 o# c& @5 R4 Z7 m4 L
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays3 a, F5 R" @" h
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
S& W2 n6 a' I6 a
0 L! n( Z' c$ O+ l( j; r5 h$ M1 r. J; I( nInternational Governmental Action
8 l: n/ J7 ^7 w) X 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations; V. Z7 g% M$ n$ N; V! l3 v( u
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% V. [7 v- F4 {2 f" Z 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
; X# K0 W7 E/ s* ~0 X 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
3 o) g* `; N, b: _( n0 Y 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 C' n# J! i( Z7 j# W
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
4 _+ J! M3 b4 c2 `3 T f! B" X 157. Expulsion from international organizations& E9 ^7 u6 c. h
6 O4 r; Z9 f% P' c# ]$ c5 { & a& v+ U, B- Z H- S9 n9 y
* e2 k& `) ^& ]& l) ^0 {
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
8 W( e1 j0 Q d- j: A6 T: Q, m7 ]7 I6 R" F# H( R2 W
; A; q2 X+ E; s7 j! r) j3 f' k% ^Psychological Intervention' H! u$ D- P% t$ q8 v" R
158. Self-exposure to the elements
) X! s* O- u, u0 I" e, f6 b3 W# P 159. The fast) c6 a$ W0 _8 I& P
a) Fast of moral pressure
( p0 H( E0 h3 `& p6 g/ E- ? H+ d! _ b) Hunger strike
2 V2 ?, Y$ C( E2 p c) Satyagrahic fast% i: \. `2 @/ T s' p4 w
160. Reverse trial" L; A/ F- c( x: p* o" c) e# g
161. Nonviolent harassment! R! M# L w$ }8 M! k, \* E% c; A
3 a* b' G; R4 f" L6 ^Physical Intervention
7 b& a( C+ {$ v% {2 E7 ~* Z9 b 162. Sit-in
8 h4 X' }7 C! s, r+ J# x 163. Stand-in2 q) G, ]) v3 p* V
164. Ride-in
$ m1 c5 ?, o: J' Y5 M, `% E; X 165. Wade-in
r3 p+ `$ x, b0 R' S4 a 166. Mill-in7 H! ^6 D& Z' i* q) d
167. Pray-in
5 Y6 ?$ j. o. w8 n 168. Nonviolent raids
0 V& f/ k9 ^! C% `2 b 169. Nonviolent air raids
" A6 \9 a) L! |" o M! H 170. Nonviolent invasion
9 P% c0 B$ F* g6 Y$ k+ y 171. Nonviolent interjection0 t/ Q# [% J. j, x& w: \2 G
172. Nonviolent obstruction
$ A2 i. P' I8 k/ Z/ P* M 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
4 `) Y7 \- H0 Q 174. Establishing new social patterns
) j* G2 v8 r7 Z4 X9 U 175. Overloading of facilities: x/ \9 K+ {' z _& z7 P7 Q7 s
176. Stall-in/ `) V' v& j/ k& L: h& l
177. Speak-in9 b8 K6 [ \2 Z' o, [9 ]% r
178. Guerrilla theater3 t4 H3 ]5 j% q7 F' i' p- e
179. Alternative social institutions
( L; \ \! n; e) E+ _/ S 180. Alternative communication system
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, a8 Z8 e- M+ h$ a2 i# y( X' UEconomic Intervention. }) x% D3 L6 |; K7 n) N
181. Reverse strike
" k. E3 N! P& k& P 182. Stay-in strike
. j, w2 O" b2 t 183. Nonviolent land seizure0 E* \$ U3 @: k2 {, n. K7 j% ]
184. Defiance of blockades1 n' g/ w- g# ?) x
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
! z6 Z5 A/ z, y+ L) } 186. Preclusive purchasing
6 B z6 W# h) k4 h* ` 187. Seizure of assets
9 v& u3 X3 v3 a# l) A; g 188. Dumping8 c* `! ^1 s3 ~0 I7 N
189. Selective patronage
8 U3 x& t8 y# A" N 190. Alternative markets1 H: E+ i7 c: V% ^1 T* L) @0 r; R2 B
191. Alternative transportation systems1 ^" U3 }2 H# e' ?
192. Alternative economic institutions
( u; |) n1 B& N; ?. g% l( {8 v, W8 J& b7 v( {! b
Political Intervention
/ o$ V* d U! A1 U3 Z) E+ q6 x 193. Overloading of administrative systems" O& @4 n. d8 Y1 l' t
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 r7 j I3 l* ~ N 195. Seeking imprisonment
* t+ b% m- r7 S" @& u7 Q 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws6 w- O1 B$ k4 X% o3 ?) [0 q! O( x
197. Work-on without collaboration8 R: j) n; k: H: ~. ~$ x" V
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( r* r9 b7 ^* i; P; e
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
