 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
|
楼主 |
发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
|
显示全部楼层
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ j0 l3 ~! o4 S& A$ O
Formal Statements! {8 y5 Q$ ~* T9 u! b
1. Public Speeches
; C6 X0 C8 g+ c; U0 B 2. Letters of opposition or support
. L) i: [6 B7 {; ]: Q% @ 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
" [" z, ?5 ~) i+ T8 I" l9 { 4. Signed public statements
+ h! f9 a6 J% V/ A. E) L 5. Declarations of indictment and intention. z( m4 Z( f+ C* w9 R
6. Group or mass petitions
- ]" u" S0 U! e l
0 {4 ~4 Q, Y Y/ cCommunications with a Wider Audience5 S( L. [& e2 P3 l8 K
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
8 ?, h+ E( }2 V# q6 _ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
5 U# g: Y) W& L0 q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books, U% D) K* ]5 g4 l# ^& q
10. Newspapers and journals
$ P* L: n! H d# j$ |" y 11. Records, radio, and television: A0 I' C! B) r& E" E' U4 c
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
1 Q: N9 z6 `+ L+ o
1 y. Q, X3 c; E$ a0 y$ w6 iGroup Representations
' @4 N H( W3 w% W& r 13. Deputations
& E0 t# u8 |9 n- E" b7 z% O 14. Mock awards+ \$ e2 w4 R; _- j H c
15. Group lobbying
4 A1 w1 w5 u" ^, y 16. Picketing ]2 i- E" G. G& T9 F
17. Mock elections0 k1 k" S% {4 g' J
) k) z: Z# f; E# W/ QSymbolic Public Acts
) q5 t5 C" a0 a 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
5 q- f c8 e+ a1 V" M: _/ [ 19. Wearing of symbols9 b8 P: S8 U9 m g# ~
20. Prayer and worship
- l+ ], s" x" a' O% |, J' d/ L$ X 21. Delivering symbolic objects
2 F5 ?, h- c6 K4 T* C 22. Protest disrobings
& q- x! |" y$ N$ ?8 E1 ^ 23. Destruction of own property) v5 ~( w) v8 }- U
24. Symbolic lights
! H4 v e2 O% ?1 U' ~ 25. Displays of portraits# A) B2 N4 g$ ~1 x; V- Z# |4 m+ |! a
26. Paint as protest
. a* U9 }2 @6 B* r" ? 27. New signs and names
" G2 m9 g9 a% S3 _) X+ Q 28. Symbolic sounds
/ ?9 Y5 c2 Z0 T. z( i6 { 29. Symbolic reclamations7 _" V* Y$ f5 I* z' T
30. Rude gestures0 I: N, l7 u R( N1 K( ?2 `
" P& L" P, b; ]% l n/ J7 F
Pressures on Individuals/ U2 E' I6 |4 R! r/ @. D
31. “Haunting” officials
/ i+ `! K8 P. |* J* z3 Q: [, s, @* m1 e 32. Taunting officials
6 E4 `- E$ t2 v* e- h2 x4 ]( g 33. Fraternization
' m8 P9 r* A/ K, `* n, \ 34. Vigils6 x' H3 o: I! @/ i+ g& u
! g4 w5 A1 [6 q0 }" d( [! pDrama and Music' v0 Q( m1 C" Y" V! d" Z& K
35. Humorous skits and pranks% ?' F4 j4 s/ F& x! V0 `! |/ P; \
36. Performances of plays and music( d1 }1 {7 j) t, ?* E
37. Singing
+ e" D+ b6 c' J a0 \' H9 @
4 e7 a* m0 R3 pProcessions9 F) W0 o- K. D1 j9 g% k
38. Marches
* [' ` L! [" X7 |/ F 39. Parades
$ ]4 H4 h3 C9 e' `, {& ]. K1 Z- C* O 40. Religious processions( U5 v4 B% R3 {% Z! G7 I6 {
41. Pilgrimages/ s+ I/ ~6 j) W* L! I t
42. Motorcades
5 Z8 ~+ n, ]3 X$ {% X
{7 P- B7 m/ ^0 g4 @Honoring the Dead2 A' A7 K. |5 x2 s% p
43. Political mourning
4 d! f5 e* X+ v6 U- y+ D 44. Mock funerals& S0 p7 K& e9 k- |3 |( k' N r0 ]
45. Demonstrative funerals
7 k8 x/ y% z2 f) e& p* a1 ~0 P 46. Homage at burial places
! Z7 a2 m! ~2 S/ S' ]" t& _8 V
- C* i- B _# Q! }Public Assemblies& ^5 H7 q; d% X1 c) k
47. Assemblies of protest or support5 J4 ?! \8 c; s& g
48. Protest meetings
5 v5 |4 ~. {& F! y 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest0 v- ], ]: L( g4 l, [* S
50. Teach-ins) T2 @$ A/ i1 b- S3 t
0 ]: E, U( m# c6 ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
3 e3 @8 z" u; b3 ]3 ` 51. Walk-outs, j8 \: }; I+ {) a9 L
52. Silence" Z$ p. q% K7 V8 e8 S. C {# {
53. Renouncing honors
3 g+ Y4 d6 z( L4 j0 o+ I* Z+ q 54. Turning one’s back5 `. N0 O# o1 z
]* E- X% W5 P$ C! b6 X8 W
, M8 y" C' J2 \4 s9 |4 h0 v
/ y+ y; P" A) ~+ I2 A7 RTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ A* m' d2 P6 R# {: W' S; S! T8 r! Q! f- E; P: X5 l3 r
* d+ i5 `+ }. v" ^" g8 R8 M5 n
$ E# a+ G3 p% _
Ostracism of Persons
' v' n" f' j) D, m 55. Social boycott$ `+ D5 q$ z% R" G/ M
56. Selective social boycott
) V8 o% k7 |, D: W+ {6 M/ Q4 u7 O: t 57. Lysistratic nonaction: H5 Q* S# c1 Z$ I5 X1 }) g
58. Excommunication) R1 I3 b5 _) j8 `3 m
59. Interdict
H8 {) p7 n3 q: a- f5 f
8 N" i- a1 }5 W* sNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions ~/ s, w" S* a; v @! F/ n
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
& b! c; n4 M* F. I 61. Boycott of social affairs7 @8 S) V% W8 N& a
62. Student strike
( J( D$ s3 a% Q* O 63. Social disobedience
$ o# n5 L/ ~* b- `# a# Q1 y- t! C( B 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
) r5 c& X7 P- N5 L3 w5 h$ S3 s' \, _1 k% m; g
Withdrawal from the Social System
6 Z3 {4 W0 C# _* a, _6 h' }0 }5 w 65. Stay-at-home
# k" E( e. c) z D4 S 66. Total personal noncooperation; f% h. `+ K+ i
67. “Flight” of workers" X$ J6 T" p9 i% Z. z- B
68. Sanctuary9 T1 t6 b; ], e( S
69. Collective disappearance% Z. y' w1 B0 X5 ?3 @% C$ Z( U
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)5 @, I0 ]5 I* }+ K: @# _
1 R: e4 ^( D/ u6 K+ b0 T( I. G2 C x' A, ~ r. B. v+ I& M9 Z
! K+ I; F z0 D- q. BTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
7 P7 `0 B8 k$ I) u' Q0 A2 ~+ g3 v' C. a2 N
; M( S2 r5 _ y, V0 e: J8 GActions by Consumers) A& l6 R/ n1 e, [7 B
71. Consumers’ boycott
& ^5 }; q: q J- Y! I 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: @5 P, ?* r* J9 I' [
73. Policy of austerity6 b0 x" g: o7 F/ ?( D7 V5 p
74. Rent withholding9 ^% p; Y6 p/ m4 z
75. Refusal to rent
* ^( [1 D% Z2 T9 e8 N$ I" L 76. National consumers’ boycott4 ~* _/ h- b Y, r% ~
77. International consumers’ boycott* X! f% o5 k& x5 |
% b3 X7 D% l" |
Action by Workers and Producers
3 p+ w8 p1 X* a 78. Workmen’s boycott
: e6 C+ @) o Y8 A/ Q 79. Producers’ boycott: m+ `: Z' N# g1 j4 B
7 ^6 F% Z" d8 U- H( @& D; g
Action by Middlemen8 N7 N) Z/ g% x3 N
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
. k1 k: d9 A# F$ P5 ^$ x7 f7 ], X7 d" m- g, M7 B$ [
Action by Owners and Management
" |3 A, b- J+ i* j: f0 I- {3 C) x 81. Traders’ boycott
2 [! B/ F5 l* K: P( a, T- ^ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
0 `! r1 A$ P z7 p& T! ~ 83. Lockout
( f" e* j8 R8 ^& i 84. Refusal of industrial assistance# W( J/ ~4 e! }6 F9 r+ G
85. Merchants’ “general strike”- w e, O1 S( |6 @
& m* ~" Y4 I# b: S6 J& ^
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
- R( S6 U* Y1 o2 y) _# f5 s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits2 q$ E C( k, p2 |, A# L9 e
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments! n" \1 v y A6 K+ E
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest a* Q; F2 ?- l# x9 `
89. Severance of funds and credit
6 |2 _ u% d3 F ? 90. Revenue refusal0 N: n* ^' h! U* T
91. Refusal of a government’s money
) S N* Y$ @% G `2 R2 y) g( i6 ]/ a- ?% T
Action by Governments5 a6 b, p9 Z. H
92. Domestic embargo2 H" V# X T' a. t3 u
93. Blacklisting of traders( D) c8 v2 ^& r% ~/ K# H
94. International sellers’ embargo
6 X d4 q! O2 V 95. International buyers’ embargo6 e) y% T. Z0 d" B1 L; g
96. International trade embargo
. y( }& z+ S" S3 Y9 `3 Q( `( ~+ ~) C) k6 G
4 L1 @3 F6 a, U" ~0 j9 u3 y. v4 r L' ~% ^
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
9 }/ W Y: W! X' G0 y! G
( `- ~2 B+ z) R* |5 z, l' q $ v( B4 _8 ]# w8 ^. N; ?( N+ ]
Symbolic Strikes
: g* f3 p" W) h* M+ [" l 97. Protest strike$ X, @9 ^) Q- `
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
- ~" c( i) G- x" @% [+ h. _' D# ~7 X+ J0 W r; l/ R9 f; l
Agricultural Strikes
& A7 a9 h; b) i9 Z& ?2 c7 T; Q 99. Peasant strike. P H8 }& Z' p; ?. o/ @
100. Farm Workers’ strike
; G4 Y- y" f6 w3 P3 N' o' O, p5 |5 \+ E* S& h5 z# v, t
Strikes by Special Groups
- l# A+ q, x1 { 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 G9 k: b/ h' g1 Z; @) ^ 102. Prisoners’ strike! s. j9 @ _/ w/ A9 E) ~* D- [) g
103. Craft strike5 Q" q6 x" J" J6 t q" }% W; k( [
104. Professional strike
" p$ M0 W# [8 w: B- K$ N
1 X/ q/ }' W) j% G% G+ [) eOrdinary Industrial Strikes
: {/ f8 ]( [% q# Y# i 105. Establishment strike+ C# N) a) L3 X/ u
106. Industry strike2 f0 r3 T& {& V' g
107. Sympathetic strike9 e( W" j9 g* r/ o
" S+ z+ S. ?4 ? \/ w' J
Restricted Strikes
& K( k6 d: b6 J5 f) F$ Z$ n 108. Detailed strike
" d& e; J* {) @1 @$ T 109. Bumper strike
6 |6 o& f/ W& M' G- t3 X/ K$ G 110. Slowdown strike4 Y/ B* o) J) f6 b
111. Working-to-rule strike, i' `+ }0 u) F0 M
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)0 L$ c. J% n; ?1 J, | a
113. Strike by resignation
/ C7 H2 |: @+ B$ k8 b6 b' x, }/ j. r 114. Limited strike2 e4 T/ N8 p9 n4 `
115. Selective strike
3 M% {6 v: }+ n6 n, m& N( H: `/ ?& p
Multi-Industry Strikes! ^* I; G/ i3 z1 W
# ?* j8 N, v/ D2 N 116. Generalized strike
, g; z2 v1 g3 C' |. k% n
7 t, }$ x4 V+ a$ U+ a- m 117. General strike
6 e9 y2 R# k( ]1 w$ H
% c& d$ I5 H- ^/ o2 X; PCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
- }) z3 {" M8 [5 @, K% y; d M
$ b/ |" d! q" z$ t, R5 S 118. Hartal
4 d' R5 V, Y2 w' r" [2 R3 d( I9 }8 j$ o6 V9 P3 C/ S, Y
119. Economic shutdown4 }( M# m+ s, G8 n0 O
8 B1 S" b% K$ j
7 W( E0 |$ N' H* N4 W# V; k" A
! I k1 J. x. j& |# ^8 {THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION9 e* _( m& @& F+ r2 |$ b
* S A7 W, f$ I( ~3 G1 R. c7 o
$ ?* C! Q B( r) YRejection of Authority
) {0 }' [$ L& s5 p: t" I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
5 D9 y: d/ d( i 121. Refusal of public support
9 }$ `$ ~5 u) h3 O- V) ?% F 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance9 f$ d/ l( s% h
# {/ j1 y. R$ x5 i# _( t# I8 ?
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government: F/ B# n. d+ u* M! L
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ S2 L1 S. ^( x- q% u
124. Boycott of elections
+ k6 ]; A9 r5 d9 D9 U 125. Boycott of government employment and positions! [) l3 q! h Q* n
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
) N- Y# c' y, F: R( D 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
6 ]8 o- i: b" ? 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations s* ~7 S* _( Y, Q$ D
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents0 A: u2 U- ^0 _" C+ U
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks$ L3 r. m- j# {
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
/ C b6 I- s+ `( X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions# F3 T9 v; a) C- {: T, I2 o% Z
; ?1 z3 P5 W: }0 f
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience E+ X& \: z8 A& m3 G
133. Reluctant and slow compliance
& `1 [) d+ \" ~$ d& l/ [ 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
1 K! Q. P- b& l, } 135. Popular nonobedience# Y" X. B( P/ ?# k
136. Disguised disobedience9 o6 i8 Q% l7 ^# U" A* h
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
* ^+ Y! ^' {6 \( [# o3 V+ Q( ]& a 138. Sitdown
9 q% A! n0 `# D# |6 v, E B4 m/ x9 Y 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation' o7 p" I7 c; t, @
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities+ x {# \0 D5 L
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws5 {& L- u) e4 `0 H4 b) z
& L5 z. _! }" l8 ]- ?+ y9 xAction by Government Personnel9 C" i% P5 y0 u' G
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides. {* e+ x% I' @
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
! y. ~! y4 K6 v% ^, @, W$ ` 144. Stalling and obstruction
2 M$ H5 S+ i I/ H d2 D 145. General administrative noncooperation( E+ Q3 W$ N. ?9 ~ n
+ C3 ]9 d. b2 c5 b) H# ` 146. Judicial noncooperation; Z3 I8 j7 D1 \* _" U( k! n
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' Z! f7 N5 U9 `' p1 U5 i: e, K 148. Mutiny
3 Q) W2 o. n4 aDomestic Governmental Action. F8 B& u$ `4 M
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
5 X) _" X. k/ E. Y% k 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
( p% N; a4 e1 D h/ F! |3 G+ ?
( d5 w8 m( x$ R. ?8 S2 |+ I$ pInternational Governmental Action% J' _* S& k% T* L9 c0 ~3 y0 ?7 O( K
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 K' U8 g* |6 z8 ^& v 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 y4 ^! p {% e; g8 P+ n( ]+ a
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
8 _) I+ i3 y4 M) N% G 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
8 J$ p- ]$ Z2 x+ N) Z, m 155. Withdrawal from international organizations2 e: f0 v6 s1 N. |; X
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 x$ V8 R7 G8 E+ F
157. Expulsion from international organizations& w3 O$ |3 Q4 c
& [) i% ?1 p/ u! F7 x* P2 T) z/ w 6 D! O6 S1 L" A- b9 A8 H7 b
% j B' ^; \2 `9 _- c
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION- j! {: r* F5 o6 u" P7 ]
6 N0 I$ D8 n2 { % z. t: {, Q4 m1 P! v- x. R
Psychological Intervention
( S! `" K+ B' G! j. O7 G7 ^ 158. Self-exposure to the elements
* m! o. y) Q# Y1 {) m$ V 159. The fast/ J5 W7 h$ T; n
a) Fast of moral pressure
+ } P2 J; h$ g1 N; C* V& @2 z6 C b) Hunger strike
; _3 h3 j6 J' H" D* V% t8 j" ` c) Satyagrahic fast
' ?5 G5 p$ d+ ^% x$ E' W) P 160. Reverse trial
, K# e% S2 n/ P3 s! v) z2 h; s 161. Nonviolent harassment
& x8 Z; J* e/ ]9 D. y5 b" M1 J
+ s- K8 Q* P9 r) wPhysical Intervention
x5 S4 H* d: j+ V1 ] 162. Sit-in, s, K" L/ l g% c1 S' C4 `/ t
163. Stand-in
& u% D2 d& i" q/ G$ y& \! s 164. Ride-in+ e8 x; ?/ B6 d- K* U
165. Wade-in& c6 Q+ v. w' E( d4 ^& N2 R
166. Mill-in
- L; U' w+ {- ^8 @9 ^8 o 167. Pray-in7 D- z; t5 I9 q/ E1 _# p
168. Nonviolent raids
) Y( h1 C; Z e M, [6 K3 ~5 I 169. Nonviolent air raids
' }8 E0 k( K4 r! b3 N 170. Nonviolent invasion: r ]4 j2 D$ e
171. Nonviolent interjection
% @6 C+ n n1 u6 J! Z8 n 172. Nonviolent obstruction
- w3 b5 G2 }- E% N 173. Nonviolent occupation
* }5 K/ v7 r J% [/ \2 I" e3 }' a4 O0 W& b4 h3 N/ t
Social Intervention
; r# c8 n9 b6 }) H6 ~ 174. Establishing new social patterns
/ Q: b; S/ h; r% u, |4 a7 K 175. Overloading of facilities4 m+ p: H( ~( U2 @
176. Stall-in. ^ T& A7 b% f3 }0 J. n) ?' [
177. Speak-in
$ r! e5 Y3 E" |+ {* T3 {) E( | 178. Guerrilla theater
0 o' R4 D1 v9 H* [& T 179. Alternative social institutions
. M) Z) T+ n5 h7 x5 h 180. Alternative communication system
$ d9 K* ^# c! u7 Q
6 J( k' c8 J9 S' w& bEconomic Intervention
, f* c* e2 b5 L4 l- L 181. Reverse strike% O n5 Q9 d$ R1 x
182. Stay-in strike- p$ T# ~, P3 X3 P6 b
183. Nonviolent land seizure: Y9 c+ M! j2 ?( X3 `& w# r
184. Defiance of blockades, q8 t9 Y0 l# \' T6 I
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
8 w/ a& g- K1 e3 p( v7 \ 186. Preclusive purchasing/ U' N- P: J w) B$ ]
187. Seizure of assets: K+ C8 j% s: r# s1 p
188. Dumping
g0 }# Z, `# j 189. Selective patronage( r0 b* [+ S* z- `+ R
190. Alternative markets/ O$ G9 n' d4 ~
191. Alternative transportation systems- C7 y8 K X8 m& Q0 O- k; C! i
192. Alternative economic institutions \: w% O. x! R5 l. n2 C% v
$ T ]1 z/ z$ R) W: qPolitical Intervention
* O8 ^. I$ ^: v 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: }) a9 j+ Z3 ]( g7 m c% y0 V$ i 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents, J" D& ~' }( x
195. Seeking imprisonment
( z" m0 m1 i! c/ y" D 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws' v' Y- U# ^, r4 Q9 w2 I2 i
197. Work-on without collaboration' [) i1 f4 s, S9 ?( ^* |. h# q
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government4 M! X2 d& H$ m8 ]8 q( E) S
/ t( L$ x6 w/ Z, a7 w$ F1 ~ |
|
楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
