 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
6 b' l k6 y' X' `Formal Statements
$ k" z) S! U1 r% d* { 1. Public Speeches" s& Y7 A: E9 x% X4 u
2. Letters of opposition or support. @2 J4 B) \$ h1 A/ u; E% Y. L
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
( ?9 ^+ L; `7 z. [2 S' p# Y 4. Signed public statements
% \* v; K, Y7 H0 ^; G. ~6 h* {3 L 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 f# a( z5 O- d. a3 @4 T, x 6. Group or mass petitions4 I* X* h3 x# ^; Y1 `' D$ G: `
; N- w# h. o2 S* m4 b% ^Communications with a Wider Audience4 d0 v3 A+ A) n7 R6 l5 I7 @$ T4 {
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ _+ X2 f1 I& X/ U u- \
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) l7 [/ R# p2 X$ _2 r
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books% z. u$ m, _0 u- d7 E+ \
10. Newspapers and journals: n6 q( y: _1 y8 L1 v4 u
11. Records, radio, and television" ^1 P3 |$ n; D! k
12. Skywriting and earthwriting& l+ C# r* }) W2 ?, N( p! [4 n; z
: z- p: q+ N1 g2 A* Z
Group Representations
3 p) g9 x' c' v3 u6 M# S 13. Deputations+ w! a. L0 e2 V$ j6 f. A8 i) M/ q& T8 Z
14. Mock awards
0 ]! F0 h/ E3 p0 g) b; H& @ 15. Group lobbying
" |. C' b3 ~2 s- [, R3 D 16. Picketing
0 y3 ]" r8 ~3 g( D2 t- ^6 ^ 17. Mock elections
' b2 M% r6 O8 H6 X3 T/ C: x- E+ j; u6 l( W; z! I
Symbolic Public Acts
; C3 R- U% A+ N 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors, F2 M) F3 c4 R; M
19. Wearing of symbols
& l1 {: x# z( L7 \7 }4 I' o6 _" K 20. Prayer and worship
: R y- h5 a6 L5 T+ ] 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 V7 g( D- N7 _/ E i- L8 ` 22. Protest disrobings1 S$ Y R: B) O1 D$ O4 w: ?1 n
23. Destruction of own property
$ E0 a$ g5 L" C( o+ ` 24. Symbolic lights# A& ], g$ u$ ]
25. Displays of portraits# W7 r3 e% F4 K/ a/ H+ f
26. Paint as protest
+ v/ m, N* b. T4 S0 V9 O- _2 ] 27. New signs and names
) F+ F+ G4 e0 I7 j+ u5 y0 P 28. Symbolic sounds+ F0 k4 U/ d& \+ Y0 U( A$ A
29. Symbolic reclamations% Y2 j# C8 L! e d2 @6 z9 A
30. Rude gestures& s3 {. C7 A/ l
! p8 y/ m! n' z& |" F; ?Pressures on Individuals- o) m7 `$ S ?2 T- y) h! w% g
31. “Haunting” officials K4 L1 n8 N. |$ i
32. Taunting officials4 ]- s/ {0 [/ R7 _ m1 G$ p
33. Fraternization" C- v$ b: H, j9 D
34. Vigils
! w! {6 y8 v* ^
h8 t6 B8 M* Z- PDrama and Music4 B1 Y9 v/ g3 p
35. Humorous skits and pranks4 I4 q! l/ p8 y8 ~! a# }( p
36. Performances of plays and music. Q$ h6 ~' U: d. n2 y4 N
37. Singing
# o# Z; V6 S: D+ R) D% w
- _0 l/ e9 P4 S; U3 M( C$ ?# hProcessions
/ z; o% r0 Q. K 38. Marches
: S0 c( L, i& B6 d6 J; }3 b 39. Parades
( f& X! Z+ T( u b& ~ 40. Religious processions
) f( @# F3 h' |' L1 Z o# b/ m% g 41. Pilgrimages6 Z6 k/ d6 r) s+ G3 U6 l1 `
42. Motorcades
$ h4 V6 Q) b$ p8 `7 y z6 F5 v" I0 _( k3 }( z/ o7 T; X
Honoring the Dead I6 U4 T! s D! q2 L$ n8 j
43. Political mourning
2 G( M9 O7 f) a$ P1 Z 44. Mock funerals4 v0 A( r6 }# G& e/ a* t
45. Demonstrative funerals
D$ T( ]; R8 \ 46. Homage at burial places( H9 g9 r( ?. c0 A5 M( ~/ Z
% C( e2 n% y5 T6 [, v/ h( DPublic Assemblies
$ |+ v7 ?3 F8 y' u! U/ T' l' @ 47. Assemblies of protest or support+ f: ]. p0 O' R5 _8 {, ?4 a D
48. Protest meetings
: x6 U; r+ L0 Z 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest+ U2 i5 r3 l, w0 \% }
50. Teach-ins3 m8 I! ?* X) W( A- G. ?
9 a$ |* R8 E$ ~7 n3 O* L- D
Withdrawal and Renunciation" W/ \6 @6 @7 Q* ?2 W1 \1 h+ g6 Z
51. Walk-outs4 W; L6 Q# C3 _ A
52. Silence/ n# Q" d6 L# `
53. Renouncing honors F6 h1 s, V4 n8 Z& I# S6 |" b
54. Turning one’s back
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8 _; y0 v U" o* w: J* Q
. H1 d: G/ r& r z j- T
* I6 y- \2 i0 V: u; Q5 y eTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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* v2 a$ Y, ~0 r+ s8 eOstracism of Persons3 W) d) V6 O; P( Z
55. Social boycott
2 Q6 [0 T6 S# b+ l4 b5 T& l2 ] 56. Selective social boycott/ Y# [) ?6 ]( y) ^( o
57. Lysistratic nonaction' X1 R8 i% ~# z, W5 G2 E( g9 C# D1 z
58. Excommunication
H; n5 x8 E/ O- ^7 i 59. Interdict7 V V6 K. y- y7 I
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions! a" y, H) }8 H" o' r! ~# M2 S" b2 C
60. Suspension of social and sports activities8 T' g+ K% ^" I" h- ]8 A/ m
61. Boycott of social affairs
3 ^8 k, Q- q8 D 62. Student strike
% O( Z! `' G! n! W" o% V; _8 u# H3 u 63. Social disobedience, g7 X0 Q# {1 V' E
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
8 I n$ W5 e/ n: ^3 o6 q
9 J7 }- ` m% t% u; C- mWithdrawal from the Social System( e% e+ O7 r2 r) V6 I6 X
65. Stay-at-home
: ?: r2 F8 s+ r3 Z% r! z 66. Total personal noncooperation
# K9 B7 _0 P. B7 S. V8 p' z$ P- E$ l 67. “Flight” of workers- n; E( T9 D0 \
68. Sanctuary# j4 |& z) d; {% `
69. Collective disappearance
' O* O8 L" y* H* Z7 e 70. Protest emigration (hijrat); F6 C/ t4 h$ f. v3 @% n; M7 Y
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) R/ g' @1 f0 C4 Q0 L, ]' i4 A% m% ATHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS6 s% O7 Z, Z) D+ ?
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Actions by Consumers
* _4 a/ n- Z6 |% x& J" @8 J 71. Consumers’ boycott
" O: d3 u4 w4 C 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods: {. c; E3 G! L. u" j4 K7 i3 \7 u3 U, G
73. Policy of austerity
: i$ o S5 p9 s9 f4 r' N7 ~ 74. Rent withholding
) W1 a* w+ d2 r/ o0 A 75. Refusal to rent
- k6 w! M" I- {! i& t n2 f3 G 76. National consumers’ boycott
" \) a# r+ Z( E# I 77. International consumers’ boycott
2 e$ q4 v& ]" Q5 { n6 Y' t9 n; [) h4 a; J
Action by Workers and Producers
9 P- m# g- }2 f$ d 78. Workmen’s boycott
' G: Y+ U" L" \3 O0 R7 Y 79. Producers’ boycott
( Z. @ e) x" J; `: U
" d0 u9 ]8 V2 w+ _. y& w8 ]Action by Middlemen
, x- u5 |3 d8 D( ^ 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott" I( G, p) Y- V8 Z$ r0 S
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Action by Owners and Management
D' I3 Z* f2 b 81. Traders’ boycott
; ~2 r" z' f5 s2 Y L& ]) ?" J 82. Refusal to let or sell property
1 B v. g; ^0 |+ ^" S- [' i4 b' o 83. Lockout- _; N T2 Y' o3 p3 g$ A r% P
84. Refusal of industrial assistance
$ p( V/ m9 X7 o; P# Y, j 85. Merchants’ “general strike”! ]% H' [' | P# |
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Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" D2 [. @3 C! ~- F% v 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
, Q3 D, j% D' N 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments0 p7 }9 d. |1 @( G, L/ }
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
# ~0 c" |! G2 T* `# M 89. Severance of funds and credit5 n! }2 @% V0 U3 _
90. Revenue refusal4 \ U5 `1 P( t4 A5 r. l" n
91. Refusal of a government’s money, ~7 `2 ?$ x0 U" r# g- V
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Action by Governments
+ E* [! Q2 c0 ~, a 92. Domestic embargo
- d; i6 N' U; L, i* D 93. Blacklisting of traders& W( r% w0 K$ d2 G; V
94. International sellers’ embargo
) M: N. u* |4 b, A: A 95. International buyers’ embargo
" W$ f' U0 U/ A9 o 96. International trade embargo* s& y Y7 g4 Y- [9 G0 e
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes0 k7 w0 T6 U0 F; E/ O$ d2 ?
97. Protest strike
8 I# e; ?) ?( D2 ~; j, ~6 Z; {8 c 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# |, i$ c8 u( {, e6 a" O
& p/ P B" @* T8 c1 ~Agricultural Strikes
# o) p4 y! ?8 N0 E4 F3 r8 X9 k: o 99. Peasant strike/ z1 v& U L# e' n# H* X# b
100. Farm Workers’ strike" ]8 O! C: ~. {$ r7 w) n
8 x H5 t9 M8 N7 s
Strikes by Special Groups
9 u S! b/ Q0 }3 p+ C+ M5 w" C 101. Refusal of impressed labor
& [. ]* ^9 U- @3 g' D I 102. Prisoners’ strike
' m+ ~( K) G. I3 @9 J 103. Craft strike
! C' _, ]% x! @" Z$ d# ^4 @% {' k- n 104. Professional strike
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, T. ]! L5 N' T' fOrdinary Industrial Strikes
6 v: h2 Z( R1 d6 d( A6 g9 \# c- T: G& l 105. Establishment strike
{, g# s9 M! c ?, Q* U1 u 106. Industry strike7 T/ V, C8 U# c l0 t- `2 I& K- B
107. Sympathetic strike
0 ~' R7 D" e _5 g1 w- ^/ f& P+ K" w7 e! \# U \* ?* H; `
Restricted Strikes
; m& I: |6 q/ K2 q+ c# K& }! s 108. Detailed strike
7 Y3 S8 v) ]. K 109. Bumper strike! _: y. A7 z' I6 T; d
110. Slowdown strike
6 [4 _ @ ^; ^5 x 111. Working-to-rule strike) x) V9 i4 M2 [' V
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)1 ]) p5 [% v3 K- X# q
113. Strike by resignation* k. J- ^, h/ q. H* z& E( r
114. Limited strike* Q/ q; l& J |. b. _+ n
115. Selective strike% M! a$ I, z$ h* T- l
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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8 V; _# a! H" T" W 116. Generalized strike$ P7 x' J: c* u5 I& i2 p+ k. ~, D, c8 X
4 `. V1 h" e& ? 117. General strike" n4 }( R$ D1 F, @( T y9 _" s) Z
* h; Y& h/ K. s8 [" _Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
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119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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Rejection of Authority
* y8 F3 B' R# w* A 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance8 Y4 Q* e4 c/ J' N) c @
121. Refusal of public support
7 {. ^" o% E, ~2 G& W2 S 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
2 z$ S; W# d# H: q; s1 J
S3 J+ s' Y1 F1 l2 f9 F- { Q9 KCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government
4 w4 a* b9 ]- Y* s* k 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
6 O; e0 D/ O6 I5 v* Y1 n 124. Boycott of elections
1 u8 V" s' A: Y+ C% A 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
- ^/ w G, M! @2 n( O% p3 t 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies+ ?* ]6 q; d0 J/ A x& W
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
, ?0 l$ O- R$ |( [9 s 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations0 L( p3 B3 d! A/ V' ]
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents F$ _+ L* H. W) o
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks# F9 ~( k* e( E* G
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
1 d3 p1 ?, B0 s3 V$ [! ~( Y) Q# N 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
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7 _* ^7 {% m1 k: q X. \, XCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience" a4 \ C2 M( M
133. Reluctant and slow compliance. i9 N! E8 r9 ]7 ^
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
- D6 r+ C. H3 ~% y i 135. Popular nonobedience
+ S- O0 e8 P5 n: w+ ` 136. Disguised disobedience* n- ~6 Z q, b5 F, V" e7 I
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
" {+ v7 T9 i# @8 T5 R- T% q 138. Sitdown
8 @3 }" ]* D# j0 K& ~ 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 @$ h) f$ k# S 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities X P; @8 L, H6 j
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
& f1 E. F5 b" u8 G% Z# V: h9 s8 Q* x3 R6 Z/ L6 d7 e T
Action by Government Personnel p4 M$ [" Z) C* ~5 b+ ]
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides6 j+ z; S' G) t! {( ` ?: y
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
( w8 P/ h/ f& ?1 \# {* Y& J8 [4 ] 144. Stalling and obstruction2 j* | p& M" V( u
145. General administrative noncooperation. U9 P' B' P9 R: z/ L+ o4 Z
4 B5 G4 m3 v. B, @$ c- N 146. Judicial noncooperation4 q: F' j! @& O3 m K6 u
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
$ N' E" I& x- d n( R 148. Mutiny
2 |0 m5 h# K% C& N4 a, JDomestic Governmental Action
. o3 d# n9 \" e. D" W- @# {5 b/ T 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays) O: z+ M, h9 \$ I! B5 ]2 x
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units+ _7 y9 o! b3 Q/ W% g, F
5 E) _& i4 O: N9 `! o& D% D; qInternational Governmental Action H R* `' {4 y, J
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 I) l( u* E( h
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
# ? s# e, l) }! w" d7 {8 `( P% @ 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
. J# L" w2 a; z: S# d) y: b ` 154. Severance of diplomatic relations n. ~9 d7 q& p F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations! C! S( Y" E" L
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies4 w, L/ R) h8 p1 m5 }
157. Expulsion from international organizations* |* B2 F8 k$ u2 K4 {
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 T( V ?( ]5 |0 b5 f
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6 Z8 o% \9 c d( EPsychological Intervention
$ _! i! h3 e' w4 {6 a9 `2 ~9 Q! N( S 158. Self-exposure to the elements
: d1 k& C/ {, \" U 159. The fast( ^% p1 |" [! y- D4 s" \
a) Fast of moral pressure
( f( L$ M. N3 E% s: u. E1 w8 a b) Hunger strike
! k/ t- f& K( K- }( r c) Satyagrahic fast& A" E; J& u) I! Q& q* q
160. Reverse trial: W# d5 R0 l6 c9 P( f
161. Nonviolent harassment
4 d& {! @6 L9 d+ T+ K
1 r' S( G# N' \2 C' M# RPhysical Intervention
* I# R- c2 ?& O. W$ L1 v 162. Sit-in+ Z' @0 ^. }1 a9 v2 K4 @# u
163. Stand-in6 k% s) V- m% t( y4 z$ z/ Y% p9 r
164. Ride-in
" U$ L; F9 Q/ y: j 165. Wade-in
4 N) v+ T0 D% C/ Q. ^7 F) B 166. Mill-in3 G O7 k7 m* l7 j V( {# v6 p
167. Pray-in
- V4 m; }! l; a1 t9 I% U 168. Nonviolent raids1 n, B) _1 C& y# K# X- C4 o4 B; M
169. Nonviolent air raids
3 |! N) q5 Y+ L, R- O+ G0 U 170. Nonviolent invasion7 D5 N% O5 K: r1 j$ z; v0 z# Q
171. Nonviolent interjection6 ]8 U3 m/ ~3 r$ n+ W. q
172. Nonviolent obstruction
! b) u3 o) G' g e. ~& a4 O8 S! s" ` 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention' [1 y( E4 |" o O
174. Establishing new social patterns; @% u7 U9 a' G
175. Overloading of facilities2 | A: i% `" K- `# q8 z. Z7 p4 B
176. Stall-in$ f2 C1 d h' x" _$ S' Z a/ X
177. Speak-in
D. }) E X) F/ M. I 178. Guerrilla theater
& L! x! P- t6 H' v1 @ h 179. Alternative social institutions
0 c5 A h W" T; C! y 180. Alternative communication system- l) Q. c! Z: o0 M; |
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Economic Intervention2 [5 j2 N! p& K1 C
181. Reverse strike
4 V, l* e8 Y& O; ` I2 z; D8 l 182. Stay-in strike" W. i( Z* r, b- n% f" i
183. Nonviolent land seizure
7 ~4 y! O5 B, x1 v- E$ ~ 184. Defiance of blockades
, J# v8 R$ I" m4 x 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting9 F2 u0 v" B8 U7 C9 L z
186. Preclusive purchasing
5 e" u$ d) x. {" u: b; A 187. Seizure of assets
9 Y- _& w# N7 {: R1 b# K 188. Dumping+ C5 \" G* A0 h! j! ^* s
189. Selective patronage p' ?! p1 `" n" a
190. Alternative markets" [' ~& `; M8 y( ]
191. Alternative transportation systems) b H' |' D5 H1 n/ b+ m. \- b
192. Alternative economic institutions
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- w# f+ p: N* l- N/ KPolitical Intervention
' }; E6 [, N# P" C- `; w 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: I- {7 z1 H1 I0 L$ a) \: R7 a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
! x; y3 M, ~/ Z' E8 c 195. Seeking imprisonment1 U. { q1 U5 _2 V$ y( {
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws$ X# O0 O$ T0 b* @
197. Work-on without collaboration
: m1 h2 `& y+ G& O2 \ 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) r- w' ?$ m3 e, P/ B7 W
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
