 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION% j3 t% i: I8 z2 s
Formal Statements
/ r, l. O! z* Z# T 1. Public Speeches+ ]6 K) Z u" J' n
2. Letters of opposition or support% l4 \9 w/ H8 ~- s# x
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
3 |: f7 ]; C: R* a/ T- Z/ u$ | 4. Signed public statements
# q i" e6 y9 J0 k/ u, u 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
4 s. l$ r- h' N8 k. F4 R 6. Group or mass petitions
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$ f- j7 a' z. y: fCommunications with a Wider Audience* O( b1 E; L' I4 l2 b$ a3 B8 Y: w
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols* J7 G V# A2 z) d
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications9 ^& ~7 T3 t3 Q; p1 Y* y2 ]
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books0 }8 K/ o+ C( }" K6 H9 r$ T
10. Newspapers and journals# @- _; \3 k0 o- W' V5 N4 m# L0 S
11. Records, radio, and television& J( V5 s6 X( R ~+ I
12. Skywriting and earthwriting) R9 |8 i$ w# R$ b, ?: O" U
. }4 c3 `; M( m0 IGroup Representations- o4 u* r( t7 g' e* G; L: C
13. Deputations
3 X8 ~. C! _. P) }8 B6 [# a 14. Mock awards* l* u2 E! g) ?: m" `/ s
15. Group lobbying& k/ Y/ x0 ]( K
16. Picketing G8 G; s5 k; s2 R
17. Mock elections
. {( N& [! F/ f- \5 t$ q' }
& g* W8 C4 f9 MSymbolic Public Acts
; P7 i( a$ X2 g. _ 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
! E; Y" l/ U j; h 19. Wearing of symbols1 { h2 |% B9 @7 H; P9 o
20. Prayer and worship
- F7 J* J8 p" J3 x2 F- h. g 21. Delivering symbolic objects, G% L( Q) S0 {9 t8 T, D2 S
22. Protest disrobings
# m; E8 O/ h. {* F) T8 M 23. Destruction of own property+ l: |& M& m% A' J( ^2 T8 k
24. Symbolic lights
. ~5 o ^: m, Q' V1 [ 25. Displays of portraits
+ }/ e1 A- ^( k% P4 {! y/ ~; v 26. Paint as protest
8 |! \: _9 V6 k) J, c 27. New signs and names
( O4 u# p4 w/ [6 y7 o/ j 28. Symbolic sounds ~: R! G$ d- G3 H6 e3 |3 q5 K; o
29. Symbolic reclamations
5 p% N D4 c% z ~ 30. Rude gestures
2 A$ O, v2 K8 ?: {2 H) K
) U# o7 L4 g6 i) NPressures on Individuals. G# i U+ l6 X9 i$ J
31. “Haunting” officials' w- A9 s6 D0 s9 ]" T" e
32. Taunting officials
; V6 ^" t5 F7 ^/ d8 [. Q; \ 33. Fraternization
7 D) Q4 |! U; Q- i 34. Vigils* S$ G3 s W' z- ~4 d
( Z3 [3 U! n1 QDrama and Music1 l7 a+ ?4 v$ g9 _( V
35. Humorous skits and pranks' n9 d& h* x) `4 ^; ]$ P% d
36. Performances of plays and music
# \: B8 e2 p6 h# R% g' V% I9 k4 q- J% v 37. Singing
+ E5 E1 Q9 }- i Z6 @2 u0 j& V% k3 e# {! [4 H
Processions
?# M$ j% }" X2 ~2 L5 f 38. Marches- s% x9 P" g# O
39. Parades$ V* P- J: p( w2 c0 n
40. Religious processions; `7 K) b; l% X, T) _
41. Pilgrimages
" d: j* |) r6 c6 J2 `" f 42. Motorcades( ? u# q) ^8 l( ]
& u5 n4 i9 E8 _# @) W" ]
Honoring the Dead
8 Z" n( @* I1 \0 Z% Y% i 43. Political mourning
3 [% m/ f5 Y# r/ O! R& r, c 44. Mock funerals% e7 I b) C/ C8 q% Q1 o
45. Demonstrative funerals
; P2 w, `/ b3 }& {1 q8 I 46. Homage at burial places
/ @' j' _% _# v/ b8 }
# f) P+ _8 x$ YPublic Assemblies; E' M8 O7 m* f
47. Assemblies of protest or support
" f' H! O. w4 j 48. Protest meetings4 N) `7 U6 L$ B6 ^8 N. l
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest! T$ X8 x* c8 `7 V- i
50. Teach-ins- ~6 X' U3 W& L' c& C
3 k( k6 m3 c- u& _) k: ]
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# x: q% Y# K' `+ |3 l 51. Walk-outs
6 J1 F) h. | V' f+ W- S 52. Silence; r$ S* t, c8 F+ S
53. Renouncing honors& Y" t" f- a. J3 i( f( |3 k
54. Turning one’s back" b. X; s1 ]+ { a) C' n
5 D T V1 x# t$ G9 r' i3 V i! P4 t
, G* J8 E6 m* W/ c' ~7 k# q3 m8 G' x7 a0 c& M% [& W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 }* k' F, A0 o; y% [$ U' v; L
Ostracism of Persons
% C0 `5 x% \$ `" o7 W5 ? 55. Social boycott
( v3 w* |' w, j, {/ f6 ? 56. Selective social boycott7 c. n# g( Z8 R, u( ]
57. Lysistratic nonaction+ t4 W, p/ M+ \. Y
58. Excommunication
Y# W1 q6 u4 L' I+ z3 A1 J. M 59. Interdict
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Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
! x6 W- U' q% z6 K 60. Suspension of social and sports activities9 c. |4 \- q1 G/ E& m" s
61. Boycott of social affairs
4 ^8 c- }$ _& O* j 62. Student strike9 t: I. {- n9 U8 D
63. Social disobedience
$ | e9 W( C& A6 \ 64. Withdrawal from social institutions. M% N: R. c0 h, M
) ]7 y" X; v# Q x3 s7 k" j0 kWithdrawal from the Social System8 f( | M* c3 k
65. Stay-at-home
; Z0 O1 v/ K! t, H 66. Total personal noncooperation$ b/ m* w9 \0 n9 h
67. “Flight” of workers: e; M( P0 C, X
68. Sanctuary
) O1 c+ D4 Y1 L; S 69. Collective disappearance
5 ^8 ~; L9 H2 o" R! I# c3 T2 } 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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. h5 \* d& [+ f9 w; S& v9 x
2 B9 t8 V8 r$ O1 q! A& ^Actions by Consumers
$ C7 P8 d. {6 Q2 T `1 _, p 71. Consumers’ boycott/ f( X6 H' v; W
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ w, `% C6 N; g, [ z1 v4 T! c5 ]# G 73. Policy of austerity& x7 P+ e3 D8 l2 E9 Q) C8 k& h" Y
74. Rent withholding% v2 }% N; v8 A- s" e' c
75. Refusal to rent2 W) J6 @# a% M8 }: T
76. National consumers’ boycott
c% A. D2 ]# I 77. International consumers’ boycott ~, P4 b [$ \/ v6 \
1 k( b% ?$ y3 q
Action by Workers and Producers/ b3 e! G9 E* e! |# }5 j
78. Workmen’s boycott
/ V6 x3 I4 ?3 D 79. Producers’ boycott
2 D7 D# S% T" ?* d; R* H( K/ F: x/ _# X4 c* p
Action by Middlemen1 o/ C0 Q" L q( h }
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management8 W$ {) R) |; r e* G' p
81. Traders’ boycott
( I* ^7 @* `3 S 82. Refusal to let or sell property
& U$ m! i. e8 c 83. Lockout
9 T( x" q/ d9 z; ^( t 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
: ?+ o2 h5 v( f# r! S7 U2 m 85. Merchants’ “general strike”6 K2 @; ^4 P @3 i g/ r& W" L' Z7 B
# t2 L- Q" ?; RAction by Holders of Financial Resources
' W9 Z& J% P6 }. L 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
0 O e- _6 H7 P( Q 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
9 e4 S/ T2 Y8 u: _6 Y! P$ `, }: y' R 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest5 L5 E P9 I% q- x V/ w
89. Severance of funds and credit! Y' B) f; U5 E% b
90. Revenue refusal
5 g0 n/ g$ s; i6 `) ?5 v& Z1 c9 _3 L 91. Refusal of a government’s money2 W. g: m6 B2 h2 I V. W
3 U: O% R( @1 f9 t* C) }Action by Governments' r: X. ^ X. _% S
92. Domestic embargo
( A) ?; |/ q' a 93. Blacklisting of traders. H( A9 F. ]) K4 l
94. International sellers’ embargo
1 i' u! [" {6 H+ I) F 95. International buyers’ embargo
& D- x$ B8 M! Q6 `* p% T7 K 96. International trade embargo
1 V9 R) O5 q+ V- N/ A3 H, K7 m7 f7 M* f% b8 O4 q8 P- X) y
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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Symbolic Strikes
, Y+ p0 Y- m4 T8 y& h 97. Protest strike
6 }) ~- Y) O! ]0 `( o 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 ^. i$ b/ r4 b. j+ r$ _/ b
3 E! c8 L, ~+ m* s' d7 KAgricultural Strikes c" c' Y& E& o- y( l& c9 H$ E% v3 z
99. Peasant strike
& w! b: e2 J# p! |4 s2 F$ k 100. Farm Workers’ strike5 G& |9 }, ]/ I0 ~, A/ `: a
d9 r2 a" H A- ]3 y* e- [( vStrikes by Special Groups
: J3 O8 ~' U4 ]3 [9 r% @* s" ^& u 101. Refusal of impressed labor8 f" z% U. b1 z6 i
102. Prisoners’ strike
4 a& z( c& r4 Q) l 103. Craft strike# b( k& W" I3 g3 A3 V
104. Professional strike+ x; k5 ~( y$ [) G3 k
' U0 r7 J) v% I; f
Ordinary Industrial Strikes/ ?4 ?& a W5 @# v d9 ]
105. Establishment strike
9 J) [7 w- i, J+ \, A" j9 y 106. Industry strike
. e. ], U7 l2 L6 x& h4 g 107. Sympathetic strike. e2 f1 D2 q; o- f
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Restricted Strikes$ v ` [$ f6 T: ]4 N3 M" T
108. Detailed strike! H: Q; y! N) s( o+ E
109. Bumper strike
' x& A7 @' N, w5 C 110. Slowdown strike
" g8 F# F. J$ c 111. Working-to-rule strike$ X" f; d: K/ m6 Z( w3 j2 j
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& j+ s7 ]: v2 u7 I: p b6 e( q2 Q& J 113. Strike by resignation
6 [+ y* ^/ l) D' u: ` 114. Limited strike6 [9 p7 k, ]+ H: m: Y4 {8 H+ o
115. Selective strike
% b/ h+ {3 q, _0 S
9 T9 h+ X; L0 g. N: |% wMulti-Industry Strikes; G3 k ^2 l# [; m9 O
4 r8 w" l9 C- @ 116. Generalized strike- `* Q! Z. X7 {1 k% M6 \
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117. General strike% N4 z# a5 B) l+ ?) W5 q& k, A
! e' f) G! e& z2 @
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 A& _# Q7 L6 p; P0 g2 x. y% o+ d" i
# k" i* I/ J1 @; D# }9 C 118. Hartal9 g+ p9 b* k* F% {4 _) K
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119. Economic shutdown
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8 q7 K. k: j% ~. q( j9 tTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION; N5 V- z' I9 H: s; b7 C8 M
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Rejection of Authority
0 o& G5 P; R5 ?$ D% p1 g: s 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
; r& B. t X* h! x 121. Refusal of public support) R, Q j$ [# V9 |2 I# V* g! L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance5 j4 Y- L7 D# J r" A" E S
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
& {/ U! I/ [7 j& j% Z/ B 123. Boycott of legislative bodies
+ S5 x' d5 P3 D1 f$ C 124. Boycott of elections3 Q y2 I3 p! }, g0 g& ^
125. Boycott of government employment and positions' ~ x. T+ ]" @& p1 }. D" ]4 {
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies" d4 n T9 }* P" g7 ]8 S
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions6 a: E0 _( ~/ l& a
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
m9 L6 P9 s# t! r, z4 p u 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- m6 [+ R% s" f# C4 p 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
, y$ h) ?+ a* Z 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials( k: \; R' S" i8 R3 m. f) }9 a
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
) {# ]# B$ \8 Q8 v0 }6 D v0 h6 @: ^9 Y. g" C& [
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience: P8 Q* |, L8 @6 y" l
133. Reluctant and slow compliance; S: C8 f0 K5 A$ o* |/ d. R+ F
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ S' u" g. J4 W" f- p: [
135. Popular nonobedience
+ q; M7 V* s) D 136. Disguised disobedience. w( S( Q8 x" c# u9 W3 e! I; M$ b
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
7 z; J3 h2 _7 r2 L6 E 138. Sitdown% E; s6 v7 w+ m o+ c; G
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
0 T5 ~# Y4 G# L! E! M 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
0 n7 b, R C4 u! ~9 N 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws4 M0 M4 ]3 }% ^: ]
6 M, x/ U6 d8 G7 @( UAction by Government Personnel
5 y! |: R( ^) B1 _. l G% _+ o/ p 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
+ g* D. W% c4 K4 c6 j 143. Blocking of lines of command and information/ s7 m% f9 b$ {& y5 W/ k
144. Stalling and obstruction
" z9 N# @. k0 Y z7 E, P 145. General administrative noncooperation. u( q8 R5 p3 Z& G9 l0 E( l
( _+ q! s$ ^% Q2 C 146. Judicial noncooperation
) v, {6 `( d9 ]; c; R0 q' Q 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents8 i2 q. c5 ~3 U4 H @' S
148. Mutiny3 N3 C1 q% _; t$ V
Domestic Governmental Action0 w0 ~$ _% @8 q0 a
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays; i D9 o) k; T
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units& g4 t, e$ W" i* @: h
& d Y- p: \& P* W% O1 Q$ m8 L
International Governmental Action
3 J' ] e# \! G6 u 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations9 V o+ e' Q1 L3 J/ ~
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events- h$ v3 c0 ^( ^" o& D
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
' I' p l1 ^! p5 H: e" q6 f 154. Severance of diplomatic relations
; G$ h' u( A* o; g# S- I 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
K+ b$ o" W* w+ o+ J3 y 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
0 G$ ~) p0 _: |! \- J4 D7 { 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 F# |* K- ~ _5 |4 S
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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- I$ t% N( |% I/ u, s2 ], sPsychological Intervention6 _% I! i0 `! ~. Q' m% N
158. Self-exposure to the elements5 K4 Z' t/ @( M! l+ k
159. The fast" l+ }) m+ ?& S/ i; M" F. d
a) Fast of moral pressure
1 v7 ~3 Q+ ]* w9 ^% T b) Hunger strike
7 O* [7 E9 v' n$ X& g4 e, ? c) Satyagrahic fast
: ^! s8 @- @2 e. x# ]+ v+ T' g R 160. Reverse trial: a1 a1 K2 j: C. G R
161. Nonviolent harassment
# p# t3 E5 _8 N$ m0 e" K$ C: l0 E. e. `& g/ x. Z6 q- h0 x
Physical Intervention
u, w- m5 o8 N ?0 J 162. Sit-in s/ r& j8 S! _9 @! T
163. Stand-in
- f1 O: J8 n2 d 164. Ride-in
3 b7 E2 t0 b9 D7 n- g( V 165. Wade-in+ h( e1 _% c; G4 `
166. Mill-in
# n$ W: r& y- B8 a 167. Pray-in7 k1 Y! f' g9 h# J
168. Nonviolent raids4 x- ?8 k% l) b& \# D M8 P0 b
169. Nonviolent air raids
; S4 s% H& j. V/ }5 n7 \5 a3 a 170. Nonviolent invasion4 o' c* {7 g) B; b
171. Nonviolent interjection! F! y% q8 B, p' }! k) m
172. Nonviolent obstruction2 m/ y9 i ^& `6 L$ k) v: {
173. Nonviolent occupation, c6 P5 t1 X* B
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Social Intervention
% F \/ D" r( O. U8 k 174. Establishing new social patterns
( N% V3 S5 K/ S! P$ L, P2 w 175. Overloading of facilities% K1 v$ b( ]! F
176. Stall-in0 }/ w' m( ~, p3 _# E. K
177. Speak-in
) r# A8 G; r# G2 R6 q1 b n- e 178. Guerrilla theater6 a- a( \) a7 j- I4 }
179. Alternative social institutions
# ?# Q [& m6 M* z/ ?5 F( V 180. Alternative communication system! b/ Z' |& T9 X
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Economic Intervention1 F( f& n( w1 i& A+ a+ ~
181. Reverse strike
$ Y/ S$ j( U+ h6 ] 182. Stay-in strike
9 n- x" _9 i1 |3 H 183. Nonviolent land seizure6 @9 y8 x' w+ o1 {
184. Defiance of blockades
* q6 {4 ^& U! J0 u$ Y [ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting" E/ x# B6 t7 g
186. Preclusive purchasing. g, t$ {' h4 C5 H* K) H
187. Seizure of assets
; C3 u) _+ q* Z& I% H 188. Dumping# P# \! ~; w/ n/ N
189. Selective patronage
% _* A& ], f# `+ m7 Y& g 190. Alternative markets
p2 C# L _. S 191. Alternative transportation systems
- R }, @4 k' U4 P: L9 b6 H: B 192. Alternative economic institutions6 x; Y' N5 O) c
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Political Intervention0 `) y" S7 s% [6 }/ y S8 h& q }
193. Overloading of administrative systems
+ Y! U7 y7 z1 V- a3 ~+ J 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 j, R( n( q' R- F6 O0 l
195. Seeking imprisonment9 x0 h, z. M5 K) p( l/ Y1 O8 }
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
) c* T5 m) j" p% d& o' O, C 197. Work-on without collaboration
3 m" i F0 b; P0 ^6 K% e" C6 V 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government( H' d0 X4 L$ F! z& u
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
