 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
$ D( x( R3 u) XFormal Statements% `2 W N; Q( @8 O# o# e& `
1. Public Speeches }8 a+ d3 U# t- O- U9 T
2. Letters of opposition or support! G9 A3 r& z" V
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions8 e9 r0 T9 @& C" F1 Y7 p
4. Signed public statements
8 o! Y, u' R! X$ [% {: [ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention; `2 i* A0 B$ |
6. Group or mass petitions
& [. T' d9 S' _8 J& R9 L/ b' \* }! Z$ m
Communications with a Wider Audience1 r( J" F3 O& H" C, L
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
4 M9 c" M* ~1 e. h4 `% U 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications2 n# N( x0 d* D" V8 M
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
* h1 ]0 f8 M3 g' | 10. Newspapers and journals
) o" r' ]- g& k 11. Records, radio, and television X+ r6 s8 `* s3 m* F7 v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
/ Q8 H5 i: V) t6 `6 }; ~9 l+ O- A
% b$ K& I4 ^8 u1 zGroup Representations
8 W: L' c& x& Z) i% x: F 13. Deputations: \3 v8 l6 U" k8 f
14. Mock awards
" h2 D' f9 r3 G3 i/ V+ o 15. Group lobbying* O ~6 K' ~; C
16. Picketing: k5 P+ H' ~! T# X7 ~
17. Mock elections
! {: N$ {5 U r' |; n$ b6 X: ?
& X6 F8 y! S+ v7 C1 p# HSymbolic Public Acts
2 i0 z1 K$ y5 V; J9 `1 f7 V0 r 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( |6 W# Q* @9 K0 x* L
19. Wearing of symbols
) u" C! `& s) N4 E/ d, U3 y$ Z) J 20. Prayer and worship
/ V8 n: U# \+ B1 u 21. Delivering symbolic objects
- `. {6 c* ~# P( t$ c! O( @ 22. Protest disrobings
/ i$ D. V5 Q7 s, _; J8 T5 I 23. Destruction of own property
8 V4 ~& w; J5 s; c; C! N 24. Symbolic lights2 J" U. t) I" w ?1 F
25. Displays of portraits
$ Z$ t# T0 l& O( G7 d& L+ x5 U 26. Paint as protest
- z: r; W9 g4 e: L- ~1 ` 27. New signs and names/ f @. @& r% E
28. Symbolic sounds
& |/ f, l- C5 Z8 H5 d6 Q 29. Symbolic reclamations
8 A7 o9 p% ]5 c, B' Y' N+ L 30. Rude gestures6 a# \7 H- [/ e8 D* f
" b% V6 m1 O0 x( |5 k/ f K' P. FPressures on Individuals
& I2 p0 {) `+ [# I 31. “Haunting” officials4 @8 I A* I' U' u
32. Taunting officials
' y0 G' _0 V8 u% K' p 33. Fraternization- ]6 s* s K" U8 F
34. Vigils
( t* z7 [+ y7 s: J) E x: s, t: t, c. Y+ r N- \
Drama and Music& N% G' D% U# A% R
35. Humorous skits and pranks7 J$ K. ~' i' _# |
36. Performances of plays and music Z* c7 u% w' n Q
37. Singing7 U( J; r8 L& K9 g
! ?! ^ V% g* u9 b" S% J6 SProcessions% D4 H8 C. Q1 \0 n- q
38. Marches' V" ~: z& c/ G
39. Parades
* L7 { ?7 ~+ l; }4 K% Y 40. Religious processions6 P$ q' k2 M$ @0 W
41. Pilgrimages+ i8 c& R! ~, P+ g- b! R) W& F
42. Motorcades V$ b" w5 h, n- a& F
' Z5 k/ U% J4 u+ J; T+ J+ SHonoring the Dead O4 D0 W i. L& J' l8 L
43. Political mourning
) q) @" j5 K# t3 e/ L4 l4 w8 e% R 44. Mock funerals- s/ a1 x! C2 B+ X) W& J( [
45. Demonstrative funerals/ n/ ^8 j% O$ @; h4 r
46. Homage at burial places
4 F W) Q- R, T; z' n/ p, ]( S; S: F
Public Assemblies" ]. J- ~5 Y- q8 _
47. Assemblies of protest or support/ G/ h7 O+ p+ U5 n7 I2 d0 w8 u
48. Protest meetings
* ?) Z) a/ M) Q w ^ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
! m7 ?) p: a! ^ 50. Teach-ins
$ A) V7 [0 ]$ B7 d( m+ J P* B! @: J) B, |* f+ D" x! d
Withdrawal and Renunciation
; {9 O& j, F' ] x8 V+ j+ m 51. Walk-outs
( g. X' d* ]6 S 52. Silence4 {8 ~) M- ?9 s/ g1 |
53. Renouncing honors$ r& s/ H! R# Y8 g, u; ~1 A3 b
54. Turning one’s back& w& C9 K/ p$ o
! v* v# [9 w3 {3 z+ j
5 W, a9 ?: S8 {, E6 b- p) Z( K+ L# I( I, ^: `
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
# P& K! A5 r3 |7 f! @$ K! R d2 j+ O5 @; N9 | d3 v J A7 j2 s
7 J9 x6 h9 B+ D, b0 E* h6 d6 t$ ~
' f2 |/ E4 a1 AOstracism of Persons
1 d/ C# u( o) D) m$ O) G' c0 B6 j# r 55. Social boycott
: ~/ i# }) q! u a7 _# \* S5 Q- Z 56. Selective social boycott
, o p3 x* g' Y 57. Lysistratic nonaction2 c' o& v" _" E; O7 Q" N Z; ]
58. Excommunication8 W5 i1 L( t; z
59. Interdict
, ^# M0 H- r3 p7 `2 o: o7 ?* N4 P& _# r3 N. p( M% _
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
2 t6 U, A" e1 e) [) ] 60. Suspension of social and sports activities1 L9 j3 j. V3 n( X% Y( `
61. Boycott of social affairs
/ g5 N! I4 ?' [$ B# m. s! Q 62. Student strike
" d* ? e6 m6 ?5 x( ? 63. Social disobedience# m+ V0 r1 a G4 M6 V5 I# A
64. Withdrawal from social institutions6 W5 j# T$ l4 r& {2 f. Q7 `- I, |
) `! B: T) T7 Y/ \+ d8 F0 }% MWithdrawal from the Social System' s! V. }$ F5 a3 A% m
65. Stay-at-home7 _' D% J" p% r
66. Total personal noncooperation0 K% Q1 q* Y3 w3 i3 x4 J
67. “Flight” of workers( Y& z- R7 t0 I
68. Sanctuary R& n9 K- X# Q" y9 `
69. Collective disappearance2 C% o1 W% s3 c
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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: ^0 ?2 ]5 g5 Z8 i 6 m+ F6 |# J; \" y
& @7 q. J p* N5 M( FTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS: E; }9 C6 r0 X6 n3 B! H
l; ?& }) t; c$ ?+ S
, N- ?0 C% F8 s0 M9 _Actions by Consumers
5 t9 ~, {$ V4 x) v 71. Consumers’ boycott
8 l( f: r) X; i; j P& ]6 N- X4 ` 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods& D" p+ J# P: t1 G
73. Policy of austerity
; x/ c p6 R8 c& `( ^- @ 74. Rent withholding( m/ H, @) O! z9 y- O( k a4 U
75. Refusal to rent
( e$ b$ J$ i: q3 \/ U+ ] 76. National consumers’ boycott) o7 i9 E4 [ e- `/ Q
77. International consumers’ boycott- z7 y3 u1 Q8 i: M' O
4 s& U) w) C& W `Action by Workers and Producers* _. |+ S! H5 q7 r( n6 D, g2 A# @& i
78. Workmen’s boycott
& _8 m% q+ G5 S. G$ |( D 79. Producers’ boycott# Y) e; q, g6 _3 ~3 W7 ?' ^
' z4 c& o9 d7 q, F: F! ~: D! yAction by Middlemen
7 i5 ^& g( V& z+ e! O4 L' e0 { 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
+ F7 ?* @) c- f; @: O5 R, }% G+ O, g" c# w1 f8 V
Action by Owners and Management
) j. n" W1 n$ @$ `/ z 81. Traders’ boycott
+ u# ^) T H. D( W; B 82. Refusal to let or sell property
9 P4 M3 J8 W! c. p 83. Lockout+ T% {% d2 k5 V$ X" w" S
84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 ~4 k0 D; [; f, F1 }; S+ C5 m
85. Merchants’ “general strike”) x5 y0 w6 X: \6 c( T
) j: k# I. Q! _% k: l$ O1 s( BAction by Holders of Financial Resources# [9 J9 N [: K+ C. a. s
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# _( u6 B6 j; t, i! B8 p 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments* `6 S" q8 ^2 G% F! r; Q
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest6 l8 q2 V* h6 C/ k4 R
89. Severance of funds and credit
& _7 ~ D! A7 ^+ L 90. Revenue refusal4 J J( L) b4 `% O4 e9 o6 a
91. Refusal of a government’s money/ S0 F/ G8 g& `) H6 U% N, R
3 T9 z, t0 l/ f, U: C" L! N
Action by Governments! p; O, \/ r/ M7 d$ ]+ C
92. Domestic embargo2 F0 R( G' b( D2 L- C: z% K1 n
93. Blacklisting of traders
* q. D7 ~! n! w! c3 H3 d$ u/ X 94. International sellers’ embargo
8 f5 ~- a& ]/ f7 Q0 E2 H( C( w# l 95. International buyers’ embargo) l; q% d- q) S6 u9 t1 ^ g* O
96. International trade embargo
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$ [% }: {; x6 f t9 P, G2 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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/ I) Q' v) h% W/ x" V4 ]/ p' } v3 E
Symbolic Strikes+ V" ?$ A7 K! v. Y
97. Protest strike
0 J# V4 n, [0 r3 W: }# P! j 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
. @" N8 V0 z2 {! \+ l
- n7 k! `8 F2 HAgricultural Strikes) F6 G# @/ @! ]' O6 u4 n8 u) v
99. Peasant strike
" J2 ~/ t' f3 B' s G3 p# G 100. Farm Workers’ strike$ q8 h, Z; I/ I9 P5 z1 D) b
; n$ i5 w9 T- C% x+ E L. {
Strikes by Special Groups
1 n) K7 h/ l* P1 r 101. Refusal of impressed labor: r6 F" j* B; n$ r# _0 V: A
102. Prisoners’ strike
% K9 J( `* R# U 103. Craft strike. ~ \# k8 i5 p, T5 b
104. Professional strike" o. d- m3 \! ~& M
6 F& b: ?1 i: z- [4 POrdinary Industrial Strikes7 V" |) [, ~* W' d
105. Establishment strike/ u: R& \) H5 b4 h, r, f/ @
106. Industry strike; e, k5 V/ f& q3 `
107. Sympathetic strike# s( W# \9 R* u( s, F- s, A
: y0 i; g% g5 Z% ~9 KRestricted Strikes
# M; D2 v* M" p& `' [) S 108. Detailed strike
. l% D* [* `( y$ o# M 109. Bumper strike
/ F( P: |) K! y) F 110. Slowdown strike1 b7 `3 n0 Q0 i4 }% b: r, {0 X
111. Working-to-rule strike& j0 \( Q* s. }4 x$ \0 [
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)' ~( Y9 E8 S: Y" e+ a( o5 T+ o2 @
113. Strike by resignation
. t$ T7 E% g8 E0 A! ` 114. Limited strike& i5 ]% c- m6 a) {( ~6 C1 T+ U# K
115. Selective strike
% X+ e6 V& A _$ I, J! X3 l) [4 X4 a$ y
Multi-Industry Strikes
! e* q! y! f- T" T& Z7 g' ]% K% I8 C [
116. Generalized strike
( [5 [, I- J1 @' H# f; i$ F q" c8 B8 c0 k! v
117. General strike
- o: _' D8 O8 j
$ m! ]# M5 |+ G0 Z# m% s7 ^9 T0 kCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures* B1 z+ [. x; d/ L7 Z* j3 e
) z5 J) W8 a5 R( v8 d) |# s
118. Hartal u' H$ W6 X0 M5 g
& h, Z! _( s( H# e- q
119. Economic shutdown
4 q) y. V1 H; L9 ^- L/ z; M6 o, W( ?- g" \5 q2 s
3 _! l( Z& P8 }9 L L Q
: o/ Y1 H* R$ y& O( q" |0 jTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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1 U" w8 N" |& s! |, _
8 t% O; f+ n2 W" J2 W) lRejection of Authority
. k4 i; C# G% \8 w+ u# F1 O5 g/ o 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance0 a2 [* W) p* S3 U) C
121. Refusal of public support" [2 Z* S. v) t
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance) |* V/ h5 O1 A
' N6 d& z0 i1 _% G) p3 s. VCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government) j, y4 l) k' g4 U2 r
123. Boycott of legislative bodies0 W8 H t: Y1 j5 m
124. Boycott of elections
9 v/ L9 _$ s. w/ n+ l+ ^9 I 125. Boycott of government employment and positions$ o6 E8 v4 T+ z7 i6 X# S. N
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
+ K3 B5 j. w( C8 r, c! d F) s: T; D/ q 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions( ~; V" O$ k* F* v
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 m- J2 O5 V; H1 q 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
- w V6 y4 k: E, S6 b1 n$ x 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: y: _/ j- Y7 B q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 F. c3 T( E! o6 m3 Q# X 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
2 S+ w. A. A5 `, B) _/ c$ H, _$ g
+ i: X9 k7 {+ k( k2 ^, z% R8 fCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& [; I0 e T0 w9 q
133. Reluctant and slow compliance6 m; I0 {9 t, `$ R- r
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision/ @4 x8 t1 o4 k: [3 J. ]1 F1 @: x+ ?
135. Popular nonobedience
! g, o8 J g! H# L" `* C! ` 136. Disguised disobedience
# e; z( e( \: R* n 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse! a! [. d* E+ y9 S
138. Sitdown
0 Q, j, ?0 Q/ k5 \$ u K3 L/ g 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
: r4 p* V [4 }) T9 i% t& Z) e 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
9 J) g9 W& _% O, P! k: G+ s. q 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
6 Y, n1 T; s7 y. ?* t( y# C4 N) v5 |% W
Action by Government Personnel
5 k' ^4 A6 U( i2 Z 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
9 { s" b6 k5 ^( m. ?6 W2 z 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
$ r; R5 o5 ^+ C% V" b0 e q 144. Stalling and obstruction9 p2 o! \1 m+ f- {
145. General administrative noncooperation
* ~5 W, Z- ~0 t1 \" N- g, t- T2 U; d/ w8 O
# \8 z4 C3 Z1 g! d9 W9 K0 C/ V 146. Judicial noncooperation
& b4 l. v4 m7 p, a 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
: D7 G+ P) R. X5 m( p8 K2 Y 148. Mutiny
7 X7 B4 X& u* j4 ZDomestic Governmental Action
$ }. K) i4 w8 ]# \ 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
q* F) y+ s! b* l5 t9 ?8 m( y 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units. z. w5 N- ~ N; W* D# B
% K& O0 b* o; @) Q8 n$ J' z4 C8 GInternational Governmental Action' v' y5 n. L# ~6 X
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
1 y6 T. l) s4 b, r# Z6 g- I5 _: Q 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
! R0 h5 U' p0 \- A5 D: o 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 L! ^* ^: v6 I' m, x( I. b) m
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
+ k, r$ p5 J5 }0 m% n7 v9 ] n0 n 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
0 U# J, l6 m2 U# U7 W" W1 r2 \ 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
J/ c8 e1 k# C: C: F! |: U 157. Expulsion from international organizations$ U. U$ h3 S! Z$ ], Q4 X5 w) G' }
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION8 k- Z% A( X: b) \' M% y
; H, }' r4 l% }% @3 A1 S/ Q
9 T) r5 G7 ^- y) j8 ~1 ~8 |/ |/ qPsychological Intervention" ]4 }0 r* K0 h% p+ m% ]
158. Self-exposure to the elements% e7 `8 ~( w0 s3 C$ v' s
159. The fast! y1 z* d2 `# s! ~* Z
a) Fast of moral pressure
# G) w v+ h, L# Q! y; r) _- s, v b) Hunger strike
4 x9 S* ~* z% I o! I; S4 h c) Satyagrahic fast7 x7 C! p& Y1 _- t1 s* y7 V
160. Reverse trial7 r' u& E; G4 n0 i# d0 V
161. Nonviolent harassment
" ?0 t$ z! I1 G! l
& A+ a9 k* j) d" cPhysical Intervention! P/ r& _+ g" L# i5 Z2 g
162. Sit-in) S+ Q6 y/ [1 E+ K% |; F' ]( q
163. Stand-in4 @: G9 } O- E: [" U6 o. d: g" x
164. Ride-in
' J0 c) j1 [* V$ w$ ~ 165. Wade-in
- v$ H/ v* b( l4 J 166. Mill-in
: G0 V( n8 {: A; Z% e 167. Pray-in2 N0 e% w, d% N' s
168. Nonviolent raids2 B4 e0 ^9 i1 O& Z
169. Nonviolent air raids: T8 U! H4 ]- Y9 c
170. Nonviolent invasion E4 i" r3 v# Y* H5 n
171. Nonviolent interjection
2 I$ [9 C+ J+ N( x9 w S7 f 172. Nonviolent obstruction
: t$ | Z6 u) Y. x! c/ [7 L: h 173. Nonviolent occupation
& O3 E! |/ D* F4 F
( E/ V0 w& |( Q' c. B/ }. ASocial Intervention
- n6 z- l6 i9 k/ C6 b) h5 m; c( m- F 174. Establishing new social patterns/ O) X* ?) Q5 A8 @2 B0 M) u9 S
175. Overloading of facilities5 @3 G1 [1 r! m4 e# ^2 `5 e* f
176. Stall-in
, g& W2 D* T; M 177. Speak-in
: y/ O* }: l$ m8 ~* ]. V; ` M 178. Guerrilla theater
* V) [* F. p. e 179. Alternative social institutions
7 f4 d. _5 ^/ K- m, T& ? j* t/ l7 P 180. Alternative communication system- \% r: S2 x0 w' E" q$ K
' u3 ]5 L2 T1 ^$ d2 q
Economic Intervention7 P1 K( ]3 d& x: G1 e
181. Reverse strike" M3 E" |/ I1 z0 Q5 g
182. Stay-in strike( C f* _6 i: V0 q1 n6 L2 Q
183. Nonviolent land seizure- y# D3 u8 Y' P0 P+ N/ ^3 s* G
184. Defiance of blockades9 D8 W! p/ e+ _5 c& V, R; ~# N) O
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 }. c4 m$ {3 S3 ^/ E5 b2 o
186. Preclusive purchasing4 f3 J) O5 c. K" r
187. Seizure of assets
8 {# B2 E/ q1 o7 z7 w1 T9 l9 ] 188. Dumping
$ `! i. [0 M- P. S8 P! ]3 `- F 189. Selective patronage
* K2 }' @! N* v6 Y$ f" F/ a5 T 190. Alternative markets
. B, R t, d7 A4 P* r# i' s) Q 191. Alternative transportation systems
3 s0 T% c3 H4 D4 c 192. Alternative economic institutions
6 A! @! F: P" b; s' p& `4 w7 Y& I& r
Political Intervention6 W1 k7 B/ C" l
193. Overloading of administrative systems7 @3 m3 t: f# p0 ^2 ~, y
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
, B* C- o( O: V$ K 195. Seeking imprisonment8 `* A8 |3 e0 Q9 b( k
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws+ y" l, p$ U1 s& S! Q) p
197. Work-on without collaboration
- _0 O+ [) F! u% z5 ]0 y9 d 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government* B8 I3 o4 \$ c, Z8 o. K$ v% t7 ]
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
