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How to figure a home's fundamental value
: X8 }( @* D" ZLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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: n5 h e3 [& e+ Y& P& I. WNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.4 |' B) ?3 z* T7 z, R
D% t9 \# L; l1 pLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.4 q! j2 M+ ]! k3 }
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:, B' V z+ s8 C0 }& J
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8 Z# V5 c7 o9 qIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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" }( d0 R6 f* g& c1 D4 oSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.) A7 g; H# m3 F/ m# u
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
( \4 x. Y; q' w: xNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
2 W& K: o* _! F8 g' \9 b, PYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. . Q1 d" N- j8 W/ P z
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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1 \# i6 N h! YIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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! Z+ n& s8 u9 V Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas . k0 p5 R# q: |
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 4 N6 J0 P& S ~- z6 Z9 l2 e
Boston 20.5 30.2 3 `( m8 C( M6 o4 B3 Y" P. s" M
San Diego 22.8 29.7 + n' h+ H" j# N( t5 [1 \% S3 Q
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 + i$ l9 c8 l: m7 _
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 0 Y$ s* l5 [) a4 G, Z( p
Seattle 20.4 25
- O4 ^; p# n9 gDenver 17.7 23.7
( [0 T, J& o& ONew York 21.2 22.5 0 x5 ^/ N r7 J+ C( s5 [
Chicago 17.2 20.8
) J8 u7 u# e* h1 S: ~ UWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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