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How to figure a home's fundamental value
0 a7 W6 F: @ e5 ?' r- sLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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7 ]& f4 }4 u. N9 f: C1 @, eNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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4 ~- @* x1 E% F4 x/ K1 ITo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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9 i, v! F/ c8 t. ^' v1 R. lIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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4 }# r; V; f. }( JSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.: G& z2 s7 e" C @' i
San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.- {4 D9 x/ F7 \7 Y2 u
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.* `- m# D( a V( j6 V/ m
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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7 f' j3 l& D8 h1 H1 a3 CIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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7 X1 ]3 [- F. n9 T7 p0 `" x6 P" l# AIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.. E5 j) J# X" G& m' g; U
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
$ [! v1 C' R' E+ Y; ~ Avg. 1988-2000 2001
2 L* x; A$ ^$ S' U- D* v0 i! IBoston 20.5 30.2
% ~/ a9 K, N6 OSan Diego 22.8 29.7
/ G A3 v! y0 e! y* a# OSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
4 |! C6 S/ F5 O- \, u) jLos Angeles 21.3 25.6 8 ]" k' L9 j4 {) X2 [/ P/ e3 H* W
Seattle 20.4 25
5 f2 D- \! I$ |, A2 ]Denver 17.7 23.7
+ i0 o- r4 `: ~ lNew York 21.2 22.5 9 A8 U, j* ?" s* r
Chicago 17.2 20.8 1 C5 d* i1 F f
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 3 q: ~# c9 `% j4 D
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- ?# P2 q: C( P/ n7 @It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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4 u" N7 Q; p4 B% JFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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