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How to figure a home's fundamental value
; V9 C# Q1 f4 n2 T, f5 a5 [$ B4 vLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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% s/ M, f( J% y6 d" P1 }Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.) j+ ]% B4 S4 x/ f9 U
6 ]1 c% V, Z% w6 h, B0 L$ HLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.: O0 q6 Y8 K$ S8 O0 Z9 l) e6 e6 j
7 L0 X! ?# n* WTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.& ^; C+ z8 A* X; Q
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
, w$ h0 ~0 E+ C9 K7 _2 QSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
% k2 ~0 M% ?) ~9 v& Z+ FNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.. `& a: F& T2 p
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. x: s; B# O4 Y& K0 F% e5 F
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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6 ]8 ^% Q/ N& l' q1 Z* }: GIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas $ {6 v. G9 t e: {% P7 v
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ( B" G& T9 T& m, s6 i9 a
Boston 20.5 30.2 & r# G. ]: B; J4 W @5 P
San Diego 22.8 29.7 ) n! n: O) O) u
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 ! K5 w5 E: ?$ }/ S e
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 3 O# ? z: z1 J2 ?
Seattle 20.4 25
& ]3 j( O3 A) `* D5 @2 s& a& PDenver 17.7 23.7
9 K' d5 j1 j- F; U( P4 QNew York 21.2 22.5 - z9 m( L! i/ G+ Q8 ?8 W2 i
Chicago 17.2 20.8 . r" ?, g x' x w1 Z4 O' C
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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