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How to figure a home's fundamental value
; r. I2 y2 C q( {* bLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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+ o0 K ~* z! p( ]1 u% L( x2 ~Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed." c/ A% m2 ^2 I, _# ]- s
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently., X( u! z( n6 g/ L1 I0 o
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:) Z3 C9 G; X# L" L" y1 D
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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: X' M" n1 Z2 e/ u/ D7 g" BSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
3 l7 {6 @- y- u3 k( C3 J# h+ MSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4." @ ^, d S/ r: D" @, n
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.* N1 ]7 O4 E7 _7 y8 c8 }
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 5 @9 e/ R& {8 j# `: u9 T
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 , ~8 M: q; f. g* V' f% l3 z5 l7 q
Boston 20.5 30.2 ) H. z1 U- ~. _2 J1 [& v% @: f7 w
San Diego 22.8 29.7
8 B" g7 B' x! e) U. g+ b8 lSan Francisco 23.8 27.2 + Z$ M- r& X8 G( g g
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
( o9 k5 C' Q; O8 B P! HSeattle 20.4 25
3 t) q1 v7 X* |+ YDenver 17.7 23.7 - c/ E7 y6 x) V3 B0 _9 k
New York 21.2 22.5
! d" _9 e* V0 q) @, t, |* o: `Chicago 17.2 20.8
; f0 S: d& b! ?9 n( j# o' `Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 # L- H, g& x* b: H# V
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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; H" B5 ^" h4 NFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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