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This can by done by Induction
Show that for all integers n >1, n^3 - n can be divided by 3. (Note: n^3 stands for n*n*n)
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0 r3 ^; S3 ^' {/ B( t# _Proof: v3 Y0 A6 C2 a7 Y7 L
Let n >1 be an integer 9 c, j9 i+ J5 M# [; W$ D6 q
Basis: (n=2)
# w5 e5 H; r" T- _9 Z 2^3 - 2 = 2*2*2 –2 = 6 which can be divided by 3! l; Q' C- k1 f1 C
" f4 W( b, g6 n9 ]( x8 u4 KInduction Hypothesis: Let K >=2 be integers, support that$ v1 l9 y7 M' Q, w6 d6 X5 i
K^3 – K can by divided by 3.
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Now, we need to show that ( K+1)^3 - ( K+1) can be divided by 3( @/ M: h3 k% b) |8 M
since we have (K+1)^3 = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 by Binomial Theorem
) r W l0 G! NThen we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = K^3 +3K^2 + 3K +1 –(K+1)
% s, h. E- {* d' [8 [, v Z& I' i = K^3 + 3K^2 + 2K
/ @- Y+ h4 C) ]( ~9 c = ( K^3 – K) + ( 3K^2 + 3K)! a) ^ t7 z% T5 J( U+ @
= ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)! z9 |( M9 I! a
by Induction Hypothesis, we know that k^3 – k can by divided by 3 which means that k^3 – k = 3 X for some integer X>0
3 Z- e& V4 u% q: \! ?5 eSo we have (K+1)^3 – ( K+1) = ( K^3 – K) + 3 ( K^2 + K)! K% n, ]' }4 k
= 3X + 3 ( K^2 + K); t; h% e( e" J! d" e
= 3(X+ K^2 + K) which can be divided by 3
$ n( c$ c6 ?+ B4 g+ W" r* E: w: d/ K& H& i- I+ y* ]
Conclusion: By the Principle of Mathematics Induction, n^3 - n can be divided by 3 For all integers n >1.8 D# i4 o/ f6 A4 E3 _
; i- n9 h6 ~, O3 L[ Last edited by 悟空 on 2005-2-23 at 10:06 AM ] |
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