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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:9 ]9 J% i: U x, Y, v/ D) V4 p7 P. Z
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)
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Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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! J+ E' w7 g% j' R h8 h* ]1 x2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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P' ~6 _) @9 x1 [- k3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》); N) M# a: b) B7 N8 p) c
% m9 [/ E2 ^8 b N& LWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) 1 B% W1 V. S3 l w+ H: E+ ]
3 z- d$ ^- _. l9 Q. jShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)9 x% ]8 M* `) I* b4 u; e
1 C6 f6 Y! ], S9 L' V! u5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)2 z: A- c% q! R) q5 B7 F& \2 n
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译). I2 f% N+ Q: ?# R9 f" A: s
" E8 G( i+ Q: b2 l6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)! {6 A' B3 ~0 E R z) X
`, S- ~/ `( z+ ?. t2 q* O8 bBut I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me
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- C9 N2 |: ?! K/ Z. Csuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)" {% i' z7 Q+ x2 ^% }" n% n
+ W1 s2 ~1 j1 @5 M8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》): L f, J4 D' h0 C3 h, m, m
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Miss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love
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with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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9 @2 T0 { B1 y! ^1 R9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。. g1 q0 r* O( e! a" N9 a# p8 f
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Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
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+ P2 H* k( q [' d w不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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3 V1 s( J( ^8 \* M11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?
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4 s% p1 }# l3 H: V9 H* \$ t5 ?2 JThis is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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that your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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