 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
* p% q4 Z, ]' b4 ~: @Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
4 |9 v. M; j+ e9 T5 V) ?* Usyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
7 U% B4 {4 X( z7 O, ~8 mand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial$ L1 W8 o' u3 j% X1 P& t) D' I! ~
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of/ v& C1 D0 O2 j
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& r4 |. E0 T2 _" ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 l, \3 M$ z6 k
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]# x+ E4 r) ^, ?& Z7 @9 q% Z5 w% _( U
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
. _) P( z; ^, ?) |( qretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on4 k3 _. N( h) x+ h% h4 n
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset5 U& i( z' b( o5 ^
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) N, y, l0 [$ W. _9 Q
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 j; x. C. P& S
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
% \' N! S) e) P, aend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" R! P( ~$ S) e6 W( L5 ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,+ m9 M8 T% M! v5 @
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..5 H3 }% K, S' P2 ?
$ S6 m3 H& _6 X. s4 e2 {- c(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ m' t F9 v; D& K$ D% _
and American speakers of English, |
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