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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The* T! @. U5 Y+ K6 T! i7 T, j2 x3 S
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
8 G: y: y+ ?( }9 p6 e5 k8 rsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 K9 r% a) @2 H9 Q/ b6 ^# U E0 Sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
( @: M; F$ P* Z' L9 Q3 e(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of+ ?. e) v8 m% j; j: F& {0 l; p
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).) r$ C. k& T% f: A9 _
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
# C V) J5 O5 z) U# V5 s[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 N. w8 e. Q8 ^ @0 v7 K: l(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving- _& j% ~* l% d2 k3 X5 x
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
- Z; I. e. v% d- \6 ^1 ?possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset$ l z. u' a8 e
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% a- h/ T' T8 c9 ^
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 o" u: x( _. d/ t
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 e( X7 G: ~$ E8 V
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In% n( g, e( `! ]0 t2 N* o5 j
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& ~1 f7 F. o) }
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
: v6 G, c$ Y/ B, N5 i) f8 I$ y
8 h7 l/ | {+ T- O q y8 b- `(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)" O! y" j- k/ N/ ~/ u0 h
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
