 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The$ C: X$ B4 H& ?) N5 B1 {
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the) t S4 y. ~& T* a" @
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,0 `, n; \! S& h. k) ]
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
* L) X% r. H# y3 R, N0 A$ B' f(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of* G- c; o" W) N
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).; p: x& h# h% v+ [2 C4 M# m
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=& a4 b4 W4 K' o% c: Y, e5 |8 T
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]1 L' t2 H! p9 _4 G q1 X8 H7 X( J' Z' C- O
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
0 ]* ~ ^+ f4 O) m0 t2 yretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 k1 v1 v! e7 d9 Q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
4 O, l9 I% M6 ]0 v5 V$ S% z( O5 C; v(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
+ P1 r+ F0 |: G: g* ]segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a E4 r! `- v- ~ I; _( A7 ]% F
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. q5 t% Y# V+ R/ y
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
; W# E& C9 }8 c- ^* w- E6 }compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
' ~: Y6 _1 W U6 D" z' Jthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 M9 |7 F" Z1 z+ t: X2 |5 o% Z2 N
. H" Q* w: c* k. j* N6 O
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ X# D/ q3 g9 f# ]+ z7 @# band American speakers of English, |
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