从"So do I"谈起

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两人对话，乙方对甲方的问话常可用简短回答作出 反应。例如： Do you like it? -- Yes，I do.这同样适用于陈述句的场合： You worry too much．-- No，I don't.在后一种情况下，乙方也能"So＋do＋主语"之类 的结构表示看法。
* }' O- S" \8 @例如甲方说"我喜欢苹果"，乙方 如果想表示"我也喜欢苹果"，英语可以说：

A：I like apples.
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B：So do I．（＝ I like apples，too。）

! v+ \+ Z4 O2 t  x5 I2 K9 ~　这里的so在意义上相当于in the same way，即同样、 也那样，作简短反应表示同样看法时常用之。

本文 就诸如此类的四种结构略作介绍。

: n2 V2 r* a- H+ {8 |1．"So＋do＋主语"结构 在简短反应中表示"我也如此"或"另外一个人也 如此"时，也就是主语不同于上文的主语以及上 文并无可用于构成倒装的动词（即操作词时）， 可用此结构。例如： A：I like playing football. B：So do I./So does my brother./So did my father. 如果上文有可用于构成倒装的动词时，则用相同 的动词或根据不同人称用同类的动词。 I must go -- So must I. John can speak French．--So can I. I've got a new car．--So has John. She is clever.-- So is he.
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2．"Neither/Nor ＋ do ＋ 主语" 结构 如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样 看法时，可用此结构。例如，甲方说I can't swim， 乙方如果想表示"我也不会游泳"，英语可以说 Neither can I. / Nor can I（＝I can't either）。
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又例如： A：He doesn't speak French. B：Neither/Nor do I. Neither/Nor does my brother. Neither/Nor does my father. 关于以上两种结构，有两点说明：
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第一，能用动词缩略形式。例如： I'm going to London. ---So's John。(is) I've been to New York. ---So's John.(has) I'd have gone to Tokyo if I could．---So'd John.(would) John hasn't got a visa. ---Nor've do I．(have) Jim and Mary aren't acting in the college play. ---Neither's Peter.(is)
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第二，上述甲乙对话如用and连成一句可出自一人 之口。例如： John can speak French and so can't I. John can't speak French and neither/ nor can I. John speaks French and so do I. John doesn't speak French and neither/nor do I. 上述斜体部分相当于and I can, too / and I can't either / and I do too / and I don't either 的意思。 　
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& D5 i$ A* X5 Z5 o- ]: f: w3．"So＋主语＋do"结构 在简短反应中，对别人所说的情况加以肯定以及 主语与上文主语相同时，可用此结构，注意，这 里不用倒装同序；so 的意义相当于indeed, certainly，即"不错"、"对了"。例如： A：John smokes a lot. B: So he does．(=He smokes a lot indeed.) 这类简短反应往往带有说话人的惊奇口吻。例如： A：Look，it's raining! B: So it is. 在这里，So it is的含义是 You are right! It is raining；and this surprises me. 　

/ X& r" l/ m2 l: w4．"Nor＋主语十do"结构

如果乙方想对甲方所否定的情况加以肯定时，可用此 结构(注：在这类结构中，neither少见)例如： Look! It isn't raining any more!
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7 y1 k$ }9 y9 _+ L  e---Nor it is!
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9 Y5 _$ \8 p: ]  h4 V; _+ z" SThis cup hasn't got a handle!
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) F7 S& W, ^6 e4 W---Nor it has!
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四种结构的介绍就到此为止。下面从L.A. Hill所著 An Intermediate Refresher course 一书摘引一则 对话供初学者观察上述四种结构在上下文中的使用 情况。

4 f, W2 h$ i' y* O& Y5 q0 f+ d8 _Derothy: Look it's raining!

* @: m: n& w2 m# d% l7 x; aDonald: So it is! I'm not going out this afternoon now.

- w" g; c7 |0 ?1 N/ {- oDorothy：Nor am I. You and I haven't got anything to do this evening, you know.

Donald: Nor we have! We can go to the cinema then.

8 l' k& m: Q  FDerothy: So we can.

Donald: There's a good film on at the "Metropole".
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- S" _9 E6 _: `Derothy: So there is! Shall we go?

4 D) o$ d# q6 HDenald: Yes, let's.

7 f5 w/ I7 ^+ KDerothy: But it doesn't start until 6 o'clock.
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/ ~8 y3 \+ h+ k  T0 V9 ODenald: Nor it does! I thought there was an early performance too.
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- T' v$ Z% e4 O3 v' tDorothy：So did I . Well, I don't want to sit about doing nothing until 6.
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1 ?* h9 |: d- H( SDonald: Nor do I …Oh, look, it isn't raining any more.

: o+ X5 r7 v. Y& NDorothy: Nor it is! I'd like to go for a walk.

: S+ }4 x$ T$ K3 L0 Z  CDonald: So would I…OH, who's that coming up the road?
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( o2 B5 A& l, eDorothy: It's the postman.

2 r/ M) N0 k$ ^: M, V) B9 ODonald: So it is! He's very early. The evening newspaper hasn't even arrived yet.

Dorothy: Nor it has! That's late today. I hope the postman has a letter for us.

. r: h6 U* P6 p  s0 c1 ?) SDonald: So do I - but I don't want any more bills!
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$ H6 p) r' g; y; f; \5 Q+ BDorothy: Nor do I!
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+ j1 X$ D( D. u; G& H6 H% j9 KDonald: Here he is…there's a parcel for us!
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$ G, c0 m/ F1 _9 LDorothy: So there is! I wonder who sent it.

Donald: So do I. I wasn't expecting a parcel.
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Dorothy: Nor was I. Oh, it's from Mother - they are woolen clothes for the baby!

$ X) F- H0 u7 P9 o5 Q( a( IDonald: So they are! She must have knitted them herself!
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! e6 K0 i$ l  TDorothy: There's no letter in the parcel.

$ Y; E( Z5 G! T, ?) S: }Donald: Nor there is! I find that strange.
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, ^5 Z$ }) h1 _" q( ~  G, _. JDorothy: So do I. She always writes to us on Sundays. Oh, well, perhaps we shall get a letter from her tomorrow.