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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 : N- A) E2 t: G& F3 ~6 t1 y% \% D
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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: [2 o2 \& q, g$ u. s 二、解小便 / P+ i+ V r" h: ~. g3 ]. ^. v; z/ ^
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: S. S! N4 q# b
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 8 L0 A# Y! V' S2 |, v q4 Z
3 W4 W8 [4 V" y( A 医生或许也会问: * ^; B+ W; ?/ L `' Z
Do you have trouble urinating?
, W$ ^, T6 a# | e Q2 { =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) $ V, x) E/ p, s) C( W( W
/ D/ B$ j; } A& x! b: Q" ?. V. b% j 此外,还有其他的说法:
. `( M+ h( c5 H4 K" F. m3 } to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
k" L/ _) o& q4 w" L# [ * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. " l2 D- B z% y. W
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 _) H& |% N3 D4 x# N: f) g
% ?' ]2 M/ i) V( D* E 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
+ x$ x1 q7 T& L" v5 S4 G4 M * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
8 H, [) W' K& i# j 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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( V* S0 d* @! o( B( m* X * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
4 L: _5 c9 g- f, V/ }+ g 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 9 H* Z& Z0 v) |
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
. N' c9 a1 ?3 l. R 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 , ~/ r% \0 O3 i, z
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 7 A( E3 h5 n& Q- `6 N" j! A8 j
* The boy needs to pee. 5 Q! q; S& k% \$ b2 d, \4 V3 L7 E
; w8 |1 r- c2 q9 \! |2 Q 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
" D6 |$ V0 |7 I( u9 M% _ k * Do I need a urine test? $ U# q( W9 R4 r6 L
0 ~! \& ^3 f E& j! P 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
! D8 A6 C. ?' [+ r * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. " G! o( \1 }5 E# o( b+ z
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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& J( B3 A* j9 m: A8 k* i e 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: : l- Q& P/ I" g8 Z: S# J* d1 Z% Z
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
; h/ |0 f ^: m e. G* z * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) f, i1 q9 \1 S c
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
3 _4 v: V5 B9 y: C$ J" C4 |! s * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 2 h; _9 f# M _$ G! E6 C3 [
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三、解大便 " J* ]- T% z: Y/ b0 B7 X, q. f
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: ( _, {/ X5 F; X. U" m. b
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ( P) K9 T" Q0 |* Q& @, n
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
& r( ~% E, @ I9 W9 x4 p * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
5 g d3 P9 t0 v* B. d * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) $ F& R7 l9 F. Z0 P! n& o$ s% {
7 d# O. M& {* U/ s% ~ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: $ U, l2 ^0 q) Z% J
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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0 k7 F* e: [% h& a5 C% } 四、放屁
F( t$ \. [9 s 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
0 n0 a% I! u1 j( i7 E% f% r8 V/ w. _ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
" w; Y3 P. b9 I2 C1 Y 你放屁的次数很多吗? ( I: V/ {4 B# h' w" t/ d1 T
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 9 |- u5 e1 v- b; b
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
' K% Z7 u" a# L* ?$ I! j! _ * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. * D1 A4 V0 T, _
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 & _ X! f8 {: U
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 4 Z! N: l+ @ B, Z. o* ~8 {
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 9 y( m5 [ L% K) Y" F, v
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 4 k2 y- d7 G4 I0 p( a, S1 J1 Y
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
( ^5 q/ |7 i, l0 ^& u9 i * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 7 S3 N& M; N- z/ ~" L
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 9 G( U$ j3 r2 G9 Z: t3 _7 Q
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 4 B$ i3 C# ~: i
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. ' t$ N9 l: A' N, I% ?
胃不舒服有两星期了。)
7 c, y' V; ^" A5 c0 _4 j9 c * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , W D6 \' X O: b& r# Y
他经常便秘。) 或 ; W8 F9 N6 ^' a; `" h) S
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
5 Y9 W! ^/ w: S0 r, }0 g; {) } * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 3 x1 c$ B5 z) n0 `$ W7 m
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. - t. r& o' ?9 b! Y
" z8 t9 G# t+ l3 A0 q+ B8 c * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
3 ~/ D$ F! o" a6 [. C0 V 他拉了一阵肚子。 4 T6 _; x" _: k$ w: c6 h
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
- v; J* t( W' Q, C, x0 U 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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