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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! # F8 ^2 a H% J7 T
, m- |& M7 q# ^; ^; e7 E 一、厕所
6 _6 D' w1 U% S+ \/ p# G 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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! E* `5 S" [+ W0 R g& x, ` 二、解小便 : z) A: D- D7 N$ C3 V0 O7 ]
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
, k4 J. s! j9 @# x/ a B Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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1 ~7 \( C- L) w7 a& n 医生或许也会问:
6 R: V0 D' G2 j1 C3 C3 N; M1 C- l Do you have trouble urinating?
' N6 d1 z* _/ G9 E4 P0 G* ` =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 2 b2 K# B8 E! d' ?6 m1 W
5 \+ q( Z( u; G; m1 ] 此外,还有其他的说法:
3 t) Z3 C! w! S to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
; R$ H4 |9 A9 m: ? * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. * }! Z- q& B6 N2 i' e. z6 ~) Z
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 4 s& A8 g4 ?- c. a2 v% X
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
0 B! z3 W0 C1 D( ~3 V+ T1 D * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. l* \9 _* Y" J# @; \! i3 `
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 . j( u( ?7 D# R) C1 n
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. ( B8 c3 C$ z3 l7 N3 V! `2 Z5 Y
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 , ^& r3 ?' c! i
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
8 L! w# o5 x% N+ i( G0 C 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 . m3 X* ?0 z/ ], B/ r# f/ L
% G2 T; @& `$ @& c6 r; C 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 4 d2 b2 f. [0 X6 Q2 @) E
* The boy needs to pee.
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% I v7 \3 a j% b$ u7 q% ] 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
/ A( e" v9 P/ c- b * Do I need a urine test?
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2 w: p. r! r( M. C% p1 _. g 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
" k% ~# u' c2 l! I. i * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
$ c/ l* ^9 p# [4 l+ Z( u G+ {# k+ v * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) % u5 @& u6 v. q; v f- A
6 M& D; F3 `, T( T1 ` 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
^$ u: T8 X9 q1 ]- T. ] * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) * {. ] |" a0 R4 X9 k; ?
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 5 n( S( T+ r/ U' \1 L
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
( X8 d$ q3 O2 X * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) , V8 g5 M, V; x. Z, {3 h& ^
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三、解大便
. D8 e6 N, q0 t6 E, e 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
# G$ J) k6 R& ]$ W O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
' D: K% N+ ~3 _8 t, E =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: 9 w6 c7 Z1 G+ } A3 z8 f! I$ k( Z
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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% H% ~# l# f/ n& M 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: . j- |; O/ p0 t. J+ w
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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[: Q6 \' k, q5 b6 I2 q 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
: \" p0 b V3 C' t: @ * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ) @6 x7 R9 z/ I( H$ |
% P& p, v( P$ Q# L9 n 四、放屁 # X4 s" D% h3 f: F
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: $ ~5 ^" A1 G+ K6 o% d
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 7 ]# w/ V0 f( m( t4 V: M
你放屁的次数很多吗?
/ m: @: E; R8 P& H! E/ T * Is the gas expelled by belching? 1 M; W% k: v) ]7 q) t8 v7 \
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 5 `3 H) {5 h. k9 e7 j/ _
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. . x/ ?- E" p X& B" ?7 ]
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
0 f! T$ D* \8 E2 K- i4 L z * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. " ]6 Z |3 v2 S9 d( W6 E7 U5 N
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 # L1 r' W$ f$ S, G3 Z2 o" u
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 1 W$ i) J! O" b, V
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
4 M3 P3 n" P$ H# m& w! O$ K, R4 b * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 8 {) Y7 |8 v! P$ T$ I
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 6 ]0 ^2 t; }. P: L& r% \
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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% h* @' ?. B# E4 H* u. s+ D: {4 J; E * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 2 f; P# L/ R5 {3 N$ V) _
胃不舒服有两星期了。) & ?( S8 O6 i! r* z" c) g
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 4 |# d; B1 U8 q5 G
他经常便秘。) 或
7 I$ V4 Y" I7 C * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 , n i) R/ T6 N6 U5 ~% @5 k2 i
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
6 a( J3 D- S5 `2 ` * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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, I( d# y! U' S, C! z4 A, | * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
/ g" l& I& F. P) q! ? 他拉了一阵肚子。
4 X- m( n* r8 p * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) + ?( w2 G8 b' O5 M( _ U
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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