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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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3 V9 W) s5 y8 l# V6 ]$ x$ P& B 一、厕所
6 h6 ~# M5 L3 j+ }* [& Z0 W$ r1 ` 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 " b4 `( K/ d7 Z7 J1 D
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二、解小便
. t# t+ x+ n1 u( `! {) W 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
4 K+ ?* j$ U0 X2 F7 A2 q Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 4 T! R1 q! a0 T" @3 S
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医生或许也会问: 9 u# t$ W' A- O( m' E* C. a
Do you have trouble urinating?
8 a' [2 L: f1 o& }% \! P =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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! Q% u" w/ T8 }- P 此外,还有其他的说法:
% @8 |2 e0 V/ W. U( Z3 @4 v$ s* m to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: + S# |1 `/ _3 @
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
! T: X+ W0 I. j * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) * _. n8 J4 k. z
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: $ N: w0 Q! a! j: |
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
" V0 c) Z" y% ?3 w# k7 ^8 y( F g 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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. F2 d' @" X2 A" w * He went to the john a few minutes ago. & V0 j6 K6 ^6 D4 B& b! Z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 U; B1 G- [2 ?# X
4 m. I, r# P, M. A4 p4 l& K * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
7 X6 a9 b, X* B 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
0 a# Z1 Q7 t6 B5 q/ } * The boy needs to pee. 4 b& [0 p3 x+ d- V# ~: [
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
9 y8 A2 ]% H; l * Do I need a urine test?
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0 D- h [- y7 b$ N# d2 ]& ^ 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
7 P7 Q L5 s8 z1 k * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
$ ?& [3 F" C4 p3 d * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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; U k9 K1 x" `/ L$ a2 [4 I! l 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 9 e t$ [ v" W$ x& K! u
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
# D+ o" ?7 X3 H* O8 R * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
9 s3 ~ M0 Y1 B! ~4 B2 H% y: ? * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
: A5 M1 ^6 t$ c * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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, q6 T+ d9 k n1 g1 ` 三、解大便
! V, F* Y+ D& d8 m* L" N 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
) T$ t6 D$ G; l" k' R X/ F# ] to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
$ I0 }0 w; j! G9 ~' E =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
, A9 C# E. v2 L7 T9 n * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: ( [0 r) h O6 @! o" ^8 F
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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2 V2 x6 R% j" L8 Q 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
$ N6 M1 a( T+ o3 W * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 4 m0 K: v; e/ ^( K9 ~
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四、放屁 0 x8 m( x( s% @5 o
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
: Q$ {# E8 F4 r | How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? ( S t, C0 w' B- _ ?; N
你放屁的次数很多吗?
* F$ ~! n$ `4 s4 W+ F9 K- L$ Y% m * Is the gas expelled by belching? & ^' J' s6 ]1 A7 Q& a
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
/ j) ]: w& ^8 c * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
6 E% k: o5 I% F; B9 U1 ?3 a" j. t! q 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 $ b% L5 w, i' Z% E8 ~
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
* W0 c) K) q+ y 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 7 f1 H' A3 H4 F( V
* Be careful not to fart in the public. * M- N) P- p& A! {/ p" n
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
9 ~$ i" t; M6 o * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ; H" D) U4 c9 z3 g
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. ' P: ]( k# u$ `1 k3 }
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) }; K; e4 v- f B
8 ^2 W! l9 U, X5 Z& V& O * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
$ _0 A" B+ r' e! o) \ 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 2 H" b, o3 F _- e1 ^ A2 C
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) & r* y+ H# e4 r; |- q5 V
他经常便秘。) 或
- A* O: y, I2 l) p' w1 Z. j * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 / M6 c* F7 m% l) J" b1 `% w
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 ( i$ M1 H7 d: M4 k$ W
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. & A2 Y- |7 [6 b3 V' K" }9 X" a
8 `+ Y9 r. J3 b3 v) \ * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
& B5 }$ A4 |- [) b 他拉了一阵肚子。 g6 A) Q4 s1 W+ `. c2 q1 H
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 5 P& z" h4 @0 i
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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