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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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+ Q# f7 S9 y5 Y, P- S 一、厕所 $ o( C& Z$ v5 e
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 - W! @+ S- h8 E0 d2 p8 u; g
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二、解小便
) ?" |( B' G& O- Y 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
# D. [6 n7 G# ^2 r% \+ N# w1 f Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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, u) ?: [$ x0 Y 医生或许也会问:
" I/ ~& L% S7 i! }1 S5 Q) O: N Do you have trouble urinating? / I& A8 a- e# B6 y& X
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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. \: c K1 P" h' l 此外,还有其他的说法: 6 D; H7 t3 G* N, o
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
- |4 Y7 N9 `5 S * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 0 S: x- Q3 s' |0 X9 y6 T
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) / a) U2 C: [. `/ D! A- a
* e- O5 j$ h Y+ @6 _1 C: f 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
2 s7 V; S4 w$ V9 e) i# ~8 g * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
: F9 r) e8 H5 m/ u 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 3 [. O4 P) r& b+ Q2 F7 j E. F s
/ d1 r+ B% r$ Q+ @3 M/ U * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
6 a8 e) C2 ^% Z6 k( l" r 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
F Y( f) ~; e' |0 A3 A 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: / `' @! H5 u( L0 b- ^& W, K) S8 e! b
* The boy needs to pee. $ e5 k' G' D) L; l7 X" F/ V
- { D8 F9 b5 d% x/ {2 @0 b( f 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
) x" P, s8 p& s* @# ?% _ * Do I need a urine test? 4 X# y- m O3 F- Y* R; m
# z% h( _3 ~% W: d 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
8 Q) H e3 E7 { * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. : j. l( K6 u9 t; k7 j
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 8 C2 G7 y- i* M6 @' b
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
( S" e6 S" u6 v8 r2 J: y9 x- X+ Q- Q * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
`! y) ~# ~, y% y0 c+ J * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
4 B! ^# ~4 G/ ?2 i( a2 @$ B * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
# t8 D" T% j) w% v0 [. E1 g * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) " W" y# y, Z+ l6 O
5 h4 U$ S$ ]) Y- a# @' ~& O+ D. r4 y; E 三、解大便 4 x4 S8 {$ @/ A- g' ~
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
9 Y, V# C/ q2 K! ~/ e to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) / ]5 [, b6 ?( A' i
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
; |! F0 ?* ^6 Z7 }2 J* V * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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/ c. r$ j/ }* ^7 B5 u) N: e- \1 |3 K 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
7 c" P% Y ?# n$ U * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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' ^' n* |5 ^0 y' A, [ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: # r# ?2 P. H1 n: t3 T
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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, S3 N$ G+ x# B0 Y( m 四、放屁
8 x' |8 m2 {( k ] 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 9 l. Y9 N3 C9 j* [0 a" ^. Y
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
) x4 |( i! G4 E$ j 你放屁的次数很多吗?
+ Y- L s& G7 y8 M* z * Is the gas expelled by belching?
! U p5 {) I, }$ r7 w 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 1 ]$ ^% O1 G+ W# Y
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
! l% i. `1 ~+ T* W 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 - t9 s0 `: g% M0 B
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. * U" h- M- e, u- a7 D+ p9 l2 p
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 ) v' N$ a" \* l% T
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 4 L5 E+ H E3 k+ F5 n5 |
注意在公共场所不可放屁。 6 q U5 Q g! ^6 t' c
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: ! p7 o; ?% ?% v6 G
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) & U+ s! q1 j" R" @" c
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
" R7 r$ s* \9 G; \) W0 p 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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- u. h' J w9 C2 H; e * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. 2 Q3 v# r1 V* j$ X8 L- V9 p
胃不舒服有两星期了。) ( Z9 z; z4 N; V! [* u
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) 7 I7 f/ z9 h& k: k
他经常便秘。) 或 % h$ w h V: w- f. {4 F
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 O7 E# ^2 S( Q8 v
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
7 V/ Q- _+ I5 M/ ` | * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. " [2 u2 L9 D+ q
他拉了一阵肚子。 0 F& o7 c3 r" y* N* U+ N3 k
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
4 j4 N/ n" i! E: M( ]; Y; e3 w( \3 z' [ 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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