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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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5 | W2 L; M T 一、厕所 + A/ m6 h1 d* h& b& K; e# s& f# [
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 4 h2 y+ P; W' a5 L t ~4 u
8 ?- `7 I2 V1 F I) y 二、解小便 9 v9 f- F5 [4 U' L; p: E' L
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
" `* }9 z9 \: E Q) u; D: G } Will (could) you urinate in this cup? : I" F8 V1 k& U' y$ A8 \6 {/ e
* R' P. o3 N1 d. e3 s 医生或许也会问:
5 W$ F! F: n/ T7 o6 i: } Do you have trouble urinating? ! i+ }$ ?, w1 W4 j
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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& }: K* |: s0 b 此外,还有其他的说法:
* R) [, F" \6 d* T7 v: P to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
. j. w9 m) t' | l * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
! D! D# C. Q% {, V$ G( s9 B * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
5 d* f! A4 W. O d. \+ M6 ? * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
. D5 I/ u9 ?* o; L& s% k 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 : j9 R) m; ]7 h1 Y' X, H8 ?
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago.
" R: u n) `+ k9 _8 G# l4 \! U' t# P 他在几分钟前上了厕所。 9 l1 U2 d: u1 [9 Z; [6 b! U& i
9 a# |' e6 R7 F$ X6 p' Y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. v+ B1 W6 ?! R. ^6 i" f
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 9 F! w$ {% U$ b; O
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: ( u8 i) B+ ^6 w! v+ i$ [
* The boy needs to pee. U8 z( B. J0 H, j j& h7 L
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: * Z" g- p* q" |8 V2 L* Z2 c6 w$ o
* Do I need a urine test? + B1 F2 `! g4 l1 }* Z6 Y) z# T: K
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 0 Z- `7 u" w7 D) N0 S/ x0 J
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry. 9 G% |+ U0 @ P# }; g
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: : N7 F+ N9 d8 J! Z( E
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
- K* d5 l; J8 Y" I- B- j" V * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
, r. H4 C1 d9 s9 o+ p5 e * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) {4 w* |" B' x+ J
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便
8 p+ ]" U5 F9 j3 b, g 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
& Z3 z4 c8 H) m( R: D( Y. u to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) 8 w7 Q# w% a m0 |. D( O
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: " l' ~! a1 E: R
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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8 R5 a c/ d& s+ i( L 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: * t( ^3 j0 ?. U% c+ C
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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9 |% n9 B6 H5 E8 p 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 6 u% q _7 [- \8 d, k
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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# I; {+ [" H. t' j; \ 四、放屁 0 q/ f7 R9 W* v
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: 1 F5 ~. q9 p$ t6 I/ e
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 3 t+ f! l* c4 x8 s1 n$ i
你放屁的次数很多吗? / ~( K& w$ ]0 V
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
2 g+ Z* }0 s2 } 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
. ?+ @5 i9 N- A" g, y * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
$ @; p7 I! i3 s3 q3 `& K 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
4 c& R. X: p$ P9 _ * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 6 k% _# d! z+ z3 Z! {# I# g
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 $ I- X2 J1 e: T; M+ |. i* e( }2 M
* Be careful not to fart in the public. 7 G7 v; _/ B! r
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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/ K# N! X @3 k6 v: U. m 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: : U8 J! i8 f; H4 K( F
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 8 a7 @/ N+ L, e, T- Q% E
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. , p" R% f" _5 B9 s8 B: a
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ( O. Z4 U: g5 H0 l! k: I
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
" o' D* Z' m4 a% j4 T 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 8 t, `! P0 z3 Y2 G% d- V s
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) , c: S: D- m% `( U1 M& ]9 F) J/ R7 e
他经常便秘。) 或 9 X! ~& \% j' V$ E8 B' N7 l/ Y
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
) P; L2 O/ P+ J, S) a * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 g9 p0 u! }5 n( E* }
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 8 h# g3 C- ~0 k# _3 u3 M v, G
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. ! i2 r L1 C* J" L5 A. T: V
他拉了一阵肚子。
. S4 U k4 B) J) }3 F * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) # z$ \9 K9 t, E
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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