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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 7 M2 w; L7 x) j# Y
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 9 o5 o1 K2 X) @, V! }- m7 j
% B8 F. a+ g8 [ 二、解小便 ; H3 J& | U+ {3 d; Q" C
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: & \8 e7 d7 ^. e- g1 |& b. I3 O+ D
Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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% C1 ~- x- U7 ~- T8 b1 t: c6 ~/ X 医生或许也会问:
. {3 m( s, f! C- q- Z7 W+ f7 V Do you have trouble urinating?
, q/ T* N; {& g; H. q' L =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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- S" g( H+ |- q 此外,还有其他的说法:
5 z# n' _( o3 s6 { to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
9 I* [- m/ B0 n" o9 O * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 0 A8 P# P$ o. h, A3 j% w0 M8 U
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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4 _6 m# O) g1 ?# ]% J! @+ M 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
; I7 v4 g# l) R5 [+ t * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
$ i3 z% M& E: t. l$ o2 }! s/ k2 c% ] 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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# K, {) ^/ s& L$ f5 p * He went to the john a few minutes ago.
/ i( S2 ~; T6 S" y! S; ^6 H. w5 Z 他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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' `5 R# o% N$ F$ _. Y * The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
, \+ H4 ^. e6 J( Y% M9 p2 h! q6 P 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 $ Q. I0 z1 J; Y! U& P% s
( e( q8 Z. L* U+ j5 t" y9 P 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
9 L" R+ [% x, _/ e+ V * The boy needs to pee.
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- o W9 N& h9 G. y! ~6 l5 U' ` 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: ! m9 J. S: k W* Q8 Z+ Y, i
* Do I need a urine test?
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8 K( [ E* C) o0 H3 d 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
% y- `8 t$ V$ P* D: A) ] * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
+ `( O5 k* v" J, L; Q7 M8 V) Y6 b * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: % u2 w. V8 w; e0 g. t
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
3 }$ S/ O* o2 Z+ `6 f7 p * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) q5 L; ^* ~$ v0 l# B) d6 N: o
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
6 \# ?- u" b% a. m( w; h0 Q, O" l * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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三、解大便 , M* D, k# f- A2 O( v7 r: d. S9 M
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: + n: s3 s! H4 d0 X
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
& |2 @. X4 q! H- ` =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
+ F3 y' E8 N/ _5 w * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 8 ~2 L! t( o9 X
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: 2 l. u9 G" {$ @$ B' ~
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 2 y, o7 m& J9 V* ^
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
# N9 k: [, l- j P, o2 @ How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?
4 T4 X3 w& X. b. ? 你放屁的次数很多吗?
) u; v4 T; f! b * Is the gas expelled by belching?
4 R2 f9 v/ J: v/ V0 N. u 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
: Q; p3 U e) Z- L2 v * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 3 O6 v1 i/ A% t& c. z( g
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 & c$ P7 [. ]* M8 ~+ c. @' M
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. " ]# E; _# w o$ q% ^- I2 q
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
) _" @6 l0 w, n( ^' \3 d G( g% m * Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 ?$ Q3 K e/ w- J: {: d8 J 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 5 H' n# ]& S _1 m. \
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
3 p* R& @: K" H! r * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
2 K1 |2 P: t* T: h) l4 T3 j = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. - Y, U+ T8 E8 \. [' o2 }& y
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) 5 q" Y1 l$ s+ @5 w2 l% ~
! P2 Y1 O- j( v7 ?5 B4 c * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & z7 F# S x( R$ @, ], H
胃不舒服有两星期了。) * n: k& G5 G: ]" D2 s. \2 v k( T* K
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
0 [6 i" E, o; ~! R! C, { 他经常便秘。) 或
' h, m0 B0 ]; r$ k& M4 ^ r' N * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
% l$ x4 ^% U8 p7 e * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
% y% ?1 w5 S2 O% E5 ~ * He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. , ?7 z! w- E! n
他拉了一阵肚子。 2 N; l7 y1 x7 e# f. @: v
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
; Z4 L4 m1 @+ E; f8 z 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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