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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 : O$ c3 @9 ?6 [- E( l8 k9 N" o
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Can you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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3 T6 D5 M) `+ y. E0 j9 EBar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.
, y' v8 |7 W* E C- HBar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
9 x1 e. u; \9 Q0 ?The Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.' Y; [- g6 \( F6 v
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
& @- S( [6 o9 K K* W* |The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.# G: F% w8 s; g/ `7 y, i
The country codes used are : F8 ]2 K+ b# A- G X* H6 ?! [
4 m" h4 G! K6 Y) m; A. M5 j# FCODE \COUNTRY
' G% ?' {* @+ @. c1 y! W00-13 USA & Canada3 d7 n7 ^4 F* Q1 ]' ]- M+ x% C
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
& c3 p" {" n3 B9 h30-37 France! [% @# [/ k. t/ `
380 Bulgaria7 p2 _0 F- ^- A" `- L1 i/ \
383 Slovenia$ r W$ A& B4 F! ^4 Y
385 Croatia$ j" F' L# p& v* W
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina `4 ]9 E) n# A
400-440 Germany
2 _" S5 m6 Z& B7 O4 \; g4 O9 g45 Japan
. _4 ]! W/ ]/ i( @46 Russian Federation
! `- c4 x' |( D7 h9 r; d& {# A471 Taiwan1 l) M4 H: I# R3 M* |/ i% a1 F0 d
474 Estonia
* z6 d+ F N" [) g0 w: s475 Latvia5 k- d8 g" d5 R" C# b' o+ b" U4 [
476 Azerbaijan
: \9 t' z ?" i/ _5 `/ x477 Lithuania
3 G: L: e+ U) g: |478 Uzbekistan
/ a+ s7 G3 z, _( T. I h479 Sri Lanka
' S% D' e& c/ g3 V480 Philippines
5 C# H# e3 e ?7 e* c. K2 n481 Belarus
5 Q& ]8 i( o' O482 Ukraine: {+ w0 R# {1 y8 Z; b9 m
484 Moldova/ y+ j+ Q) W$ z4 t0 v$ I9 k
485 Armenia3 I8 g( p1 L8 j8 K
486 Georgia0 ~" r4 Q2 A; L, c0 b
487 Kazakhstan/ O3 n6 n/ [0 Z0 Y5 x& n
489 Hong Kong
* d3 o# }: X9 h% J; t! f# t P49 Japan
- D6 n* G! u G; O: t; v50 UK# B% Q! ^$ J8 B, U3 d# r
520 Greece
0 d! w6 B; `- O% L: G528 Lebanon
% ?: R; d. W6 M/ y/ V& w8 d529 Cyprus
k/ B( {1 Y, [5 F3 `. V531 Macedonia) z9 g/ `# F# b( v; ?0 _7 L6 C5 @# b
535 Malta1 A: x! B9 r T: u# `3 H2 T
539 Ireland* J9 C: b3 R5 |7 Q; S. X" c
54 Belgium & Luxembourg* R; k1 u2 `! R2 `- m M
560 Portugal! M2 P9 g8 F1 D' B5 |9 q
569 Iceland1 d1 i6 M# q& n& V% \0 ~2 }
57 Denmark
* D$ j4 G1 ~ t: b/ E @590 Poland
+ r! \ m4 C9 k594 Romania
# {+ m& {7 m& c3 A$ M8 p599 Hungary
$ _' c' L3 A) Z* U" b600-601 South Africa3 A7 n& C+ z! \- V. I
609 Mauritius/ [5 O# [5 w# Z( i8 t9 j
611 Morocco
. O$ `$ ]# s# M! E" |7 `613 Algeria! T/ `$ f5 A3 e# z4 \0 N
619 Tunisia
+ g L3 E2 J, g: O# l: z621 Syria& r! q/ `" Z. w7 a1 k6 x `
622 Egypt9 D J, i3 L. ~( [0 w8 p; Z
624 Libya5 T: I8 P1 r6 l; F
625 Jordan+ V# R( ~% Y$ T6 `! Q' x! e8 t+ k2 r% p
626 Iran6 s/ J+ N: g6 F0 L
627 Kuwait
0 `+ B: W- v3 u4 l1 A628 Saudi Arabia& j; k7 C3 P9 u7 |
629 United Arab Emirates4 d. J6 ], j2 ^, Q' V( d3 R2 L3 X4 s" [
64 Finland
+ H& C" j+ ]9 l. w690-692 China
6 q, j; O7 x3 U: p70 Norway
6 }6 Z7 K ~3 e2 y# i2 }; I7 h729 Israel
c; z* Q8 o' l/ j) y73 Sweden
+ D$ \" X" m" t: F X" k740 Guatemala6 {# v$ {+ ^& f5 N/ J7 o4 n
741 El Salvador
; m$ ^0 y2 P) ^2 S: ^$ |742 Honduras- i! k' l; c5 Z! Z5 ] H g# \
743 Nicaragua) }9 x b# C/ D* l+ M" r
744 Costa Rica
4 P' W' t0 i, O: i* x" f745 Panama" F, b2 l+ I" z
746 Dominican Republic% W, ~) @+ _/ R1 j; _9 ]+ R* V5 e- n
750 Mexico7 H- i- G u- k, ?
759 Venezuela2 ?2 B! y8 W! _8 S$ e& D
76 Switzerland! J3 f8 i6 f) s9 w
770 Colombia
6 H8 g) z/ ]+ f773 Uruguay# m+ U6 N. k' {9 X
775 Peru
' r" T2 i& _3 N( o; `777 Bolivia7 q% P2 H7 V* P/ t
779 Argentina4 W2 D/ R% M, s, T( v! t5 w
780 Chile+ J' l; K+ m R
784 Paraguay) J2 k7 {' i' {) |
785 Peru
, t. m5 x" [- z5 r' @. P j786 Ecuador. H9 M/ I" ?( P+ o0 x2 \
789 Brazil2 ?* E. `5 y/ F, l! J6 K+ s8 H, X
80-83 Italy
5 {5 h7 ^" g$ @; w' x9 }! }84 Spain4 ^7 n# H/ f/ {2 f3 n; ~
850 Cuba
/ J$ k! t! k8 v0 m2 s: F3 F+ Z858 Slovakia
% ]7 u- \1 M5 i/ |3 |; Y5 y, C859 Czech Republic
( \5 K6 \ f/ @/ K( a; l3 }860 Serbia & Montenegro
9 S' S/ q* }; `2 J" p Y% L869 Turkey4 h6 y' E5 |7 t+ F9 o
87 Netherlands8 h4 v- m# U" n! b. j
880 South Korea
) K5 ~! s. _' l885 Thailand
( J& S+ p9 L' ~" o7 d3 R* x888 Singapore: H ~3 r1 H( g0 a2 ]" N& i
890 India
% k- B! j$ K V7 R% F; |# o893 Vietnam5 b% X% d6 Q( ~1 G% g7 X" S
899 Indonesia9 p. t2 R) {+ t$ c- g8 q& v) g$ J
90 -91 Austria
- L8 ]4 X& H$ Z, `6 ?93 Australia
2 H) l+ B1 u$ j& R1 ?; ]94 New Zealand* \4 t8 |* T9 Q
955 Malaysia
! o' D" z3 h8 x0 v4 g958 Macau
0 k. L; b" ^' I+ U! h977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
5 h, L9 a3 d4 t' j978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)- G& |" m: W( O% J( M! G! a
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)9 U% K# B5 {% F! i
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More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm- Q5 B! u5 v1 c/ S8 k
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