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; P6 U8 y. M$ A* W0 s2 o7 D3 J 这个全：
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! u4 C; X# ~4 ^8 N. H% gCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?+ S% f) D9 y1 `
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.7 b/ R d. M8 W1 z
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
# t7 @: ?1 t/ _7 k2 w3 GThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976.
0 z1 s. w5 R2 s8 |0 i& b, c% {8 wCurrently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.
/ q# l+ B% A3 p0 }* k* p1 z3 H! [The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.
* \& B; C' s; w2 VThe country codes used are :' @8 b3 V$ z6 }: f6 m- `
2 o; J* Q4 E0 u% ?- TCODE \COUNTRY% W4 u; P+ q2 ~
00-13 USA & Canada: y; z0 b1 R. H% \% w
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)3 R, P) r' b3 f. O
30-37 France) T( y9 `2 ]5 Y0 v7 i- |
380 Bulgaria
3 V1 ~5 E2 l# A) Z; n' e! k6 u383 Slovenia
/ t* @/ y& S( n3 T; O385 Croatia3 C0 Q/ z+ @; j; ~
387 Bosnia-Herzegovina
+ A/ n) [- C" y" T( X4 H0 z400-440 Germany
2 {8 r% v2 i7 a# h45 Japan1 D( J+ q6 i+ F( s
46 Russian Federation
6 D @! p+ Q( \9 m471 Taiwan: P- p+ b8 L$ M6 X: n
474 Estonia' F1 B0 w& U* y8 L
475 Latvia
7 I4 O4 [, u+ V, I7 k' X476 Azerbaijan
U v p/ L* e4 U477 Lithuania
/ U4 Y. Z3 z2 m7 t( D& M$ z, S2 A478 Uzbekistan$ I# @+ y$ [. j H6 K
479 Sri Lanka; a1 U9 V: v* h% N
480 Philippines+ w0 [5 v+ d& a9 m1 ?3 O: p
481 Belarus
3 }+ f( P5 x) N, O7 Q482 Ukraine
! W$ Z9 H/ d. L$ i8 R( u484 Moldova$ n) o) T& E1 r8 d$ ]
485 Armenia3 E, Q5 u# ]6 `* I& C g
486 Georgia
# c: P$ W# L; k1 I. {4 [1 E487 Kazakhstan
9 Y) M/ q# p: n489 Hong Kong0 F$ n/ E5 ]- {, c, {5 N3 u- Z; \, o
49 Japan
+ ]* F; a+ D8 o# u50 UK; f; V( w) m. s- n+ @$ ^; _- x! C
520 Greece( m }2 n8 R% a w8 B* u9 ^( q
528 Lebanon
& S0 J/ y& Y9 Z529 Cyprus
. v P! i* m# Z7 r531 Macedonia7 X; Q" d, E2 N3 a7 M9 W) ]
535 Malta- @; a) h, V& p3 B9 I1 i
539 Ireland
) z8 s( e: D& `- V' g# g54 Belgium & Luxembourg
0 g+ m: v6 G3 |+ F7 J/ C0 D0 S560 Portugal
) f% x1 c- D2 |) {569 Iceland
7 E0 T8 e1 @- R: g- L8 R57 Denmark
0 p: H0 b( |: u/ }590 Poland$ G7 t! g5 ^- U7 E, v; z. I
594 Romania5 o; ]) l6 Y( q3 [# g
599 Hungary
, T# {' a7 M9 q/ T6 n% T/ a7 X600-601 South Africa, C- S0 n; S2 q# ?/ ~/ N$ _6 L
609 Mauritius
+ o! Y, {' `" w9 D1 P611 Morocco
. [+ ]/ o: y$ q5 w+ L& c4 g& h613 Algeria" ?8 [# E3 J' P W
619 Tunisia' S. z2 ~7 ?/ H5 b7 t8 v
621 Syria/ u1 g; }; G) s! a
622 Egypt
* x, T! k1 s. n6 l624 Libya
) e# k. y& d7 h! ~+ i) O$ i+ E+ P625 Jordan
" Y+ Z( ~1 [5 \) D3 p; b& s9 V' O626 Iran$ V- g& m: i% w
627 Kuwait
9 @7 E0 K2 k" t0 s0 c! P' @4 n628 Saudi Arabia# i, ]$ N1 P; z- v
629 United Arab Emirates
4 q' T5 K) s& K- t% b* a64 Finland& [# L" Y1 O2 x: d
690-692 China" x0 _2 O/ U0 U4 v) y4 _
70 Norway
& s% C, U2 {2 \2 K. P: f, V2 ?729 Israel8 t4 H2 Y' b% E6 u; q7 L
73 Sweden0 {7 {* @& m2 V7 c9 N, [$ Y
740 Guatemala ^( _8 p* i4 y
741 El Salvador
: y {* {! f/ B742 Honduras8 o. \( n& y7 v# y; Z
743 Nicaragua N5 _4 v; c$ B7 z6 x8 ~3 H$ J
744 Costa Rica
' f) `& A. {# R5 ?8 N& _745 Panama0 @# }: {7 \; w L {# L
746 Dominican Republic0 X: j! A& _! r
750 Mexico) J8 {" D- w0 w( @$ |& O
759 Venezuela
4 t+ B. H, g9 q1 b. s* L76 Switzerland
3 v- Q7 Z8 V6 ]# G# }7 m4 \770 Colombia6 F2 B; \" i/ k3 E' v
773 Uruguay: A, ^% n. Q' W2 p2 k _3 h
775 Peru0 C6 F, U6 j' P
777 Bolivia- M. P; _% K1 L8 M: i! O
779 Argentina( o }0 M' ] ]1 U2 h1 n9 t
780 Chile [* o/ t$ M/ o. X
784 Paraguay
0 h- l: {% z* m# ]. O785 Peru
2 |, C" ~8 @- Y4 \( y7 H786 Ecuador) T5 a M8 F4 G A `( Y
789 Brazil& D+ A3 O/ h( C# P5 f! n& f0 y* L; O
80-83 Italy
5 e% K3 v6 T; Z0 ]84 Spain
) O! z! D! J& W) ^850 Cuba
( h: z7 N2 ^) n$ w0 R2 E858 Slovakia
# H1 X+ D2 h+ q- F3 G859 Czech Republic2 Y/ _& L$ @1 ^0 r) S1 {
860 Serbia & Montenegro
. n1 M. b+ p" z: G: T* i; f* A869 Turkey
0 e! _- [ o3 z7 @87 Netherlands: S) E- F! ]4 L1 ]* n! @7 q. Q
880 South Korea
2 [& W# l$ W5 t885 Thailand
# }( T/ n% u# N7 u2 \1 }888 Singapore+ C1 u5 |9 r; d) u
890 India
" ?/ Q! v0 G8 J6 f893 Vietnam
b( j' n9 |+ v1 X$ W( U( `# @899 Indonesia# w; g$ j0 }" m7 X. [" o y& |0 r
90 -91 Austria+ t! `5 V4 B7 Y B j9 ~' H
93 Australia
: y, `- g) U: h, O* Z7 U/ d94 New Zealand: F& r8 }5 A5 S7 _/ U0 V' j( }
955 Malaysia: F. |5 Q n4 A/ F b+ R0 n$ R
958 Macau9 C+ b+ e# I: ~% \# u7 h" h
977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)
9 @ c7 b( g& ]' c' F4 B+ ~978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)4 j B+ _2 D1 r% B8 c3 m
979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)8 [# t$ V, ?5 @) i/ w6 ]8 h
! x R0 \! o7 f; dMore information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm
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