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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯
+ ` [; w1 G& u: C$ j4 ?6 {) S之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。
% ], d7 X" Y# g若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!
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(1) empty suit:' \4 Y: v8 K$ c, }8 Y* H; C
指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。" n8 K; U# D3 i4 q/ c
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)4 y I. q! E) ~1 G7 t) V9 n" D0 r- G
例如:4 L% d/ T4 U* u. j9 V5 Z D$ x
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.
1 L) `; E2 b9 v6 D(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)1 V- n: J- m! q( H+ P5 k, S
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
- T( J5 h7 u" {(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)4 A; z0 [; j9 n1 s. {; k* ]
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:
3 h% X0 r; d) V0 ^3 NThe company is filled with a lot of empty suits.1 m$ g) U9 L5 q8 p$ E# e. G0 e
(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)
4 }/ V3 H3 Z5 O4 R- y( P(2) fair-haired boy:
8 N! s8 Q, b) F$ z* O5 n指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man)9 l4 l) U3 Q! ~ K
(通常用单数,当名词用)$ h2 F4 \9 C' U: f
例如:9 T. [/ Y/ a8 w& w+ W b' _
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.: e9 `- v/ g/ `7 |. i- e |1 P" p
( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
+ C: _6 E {$ ^* m( @; q( HNot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.
* [/ t8 E6 T& `; ?(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。)) ^5 c6 F" ?* w3 i! z$ T2 X
有时也可用复数:
" u: E# y6 m: F( lMr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.
: ^0 d1 C2 w, Y) B/ g( n8 Z(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)/ p* s. T2 g( M+ H
Fair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.% D% ]* P, v' W: P
(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。), E* s& ]+ ]- ? M3 a( N$ E/ ?
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法). J( \0 B1 c' z0 K/ W! H- `+ C2 A
(3) fishing expedition:
7 {/ X% [. f" I为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)/ I! }/ i% X# b x9 Q2 E- d. h. A
(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数)3 V& n2 e' g4 p3 w6 c# L! E
例如:
# q2 N" C' q* J' S# \ \The judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.* p6 B4 R7 J! G7 ^! W& q( s
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)- R u8 ]* e( ?, N4 s0 L
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.
7 A. o2 R) K% e* [9 Q4 V5 W$ `6 N(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
9 f6 u* o) T- a6 V5 g L4 `) _(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
! z& d+ a' k! u+ U9 i. ]3 [( L. yThe reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.- ]9 v% S. `- Z# ~- K
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)
( v; h8 K% o' L7 z z# k. g S. V偶尔也有人用复数:5 s) F5 b: L# b; v& n* m4 C; D. p
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office./ |4 n/ f% h6 D; U- c" i
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
. a2 N& d; J. N0 v' U" ](4) filthy rich:+ v& G0 }3 E8 t) ~. S& `0 \, i
意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)
0 x+ f8 r/ i% U(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)/ L, ]7 Q* H( r
多半当形容词用。例如:
# o3 m- I, g) Y0 _. sWith a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
/ x- c9 y' D0 h8 J8 F3 I' D( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
" G7 y& l# B! M0 [. mDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way. y' F) Y7 z: k
(尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
7 h1 R" K; y6 W' t( V- G, HA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.$ Z* p" m1 p5 D( [* }3 o% `, h }$ w
(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
7 n: q4 X4 Z5 N" UFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters." Q; c, \+ q6 B! d' O* Z# m
(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)2 V' q; `8 w* ]5 F& {; g O, r9 N
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
1 w6 H" o, A" f! x( o8 v(5) fairy godmother:" Q8 A# D7 h1 m- r: j8 A) o
指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance) f, V: [+ ^4 I' D( R3 R S& S
(多半指有钱的女人)! ?) `5 P% v, m1 b, }
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:
5 |8 a( S8 {6 f$ R% xMr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.
1 @* d! w$ w( \ T2 X+ R(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)
3 t0 s" \- x4 ZAfter lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother., I) w% y2 x$ z3 U( Y
(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。)
; K0 C: R: W7 V2 Z% @有时也用复数: f+ X0 r0 E' w% k
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.2 p/ S: M" k) m* {$ G4 Q
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)) I- j7 N" n: R9 m R* c- S
In Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.7 V" i$ T3 e8 W( R( S
(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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6)eye opener:5 u, V1 v4 g% E! |! H
指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)
7 `' L" y; u$ s7 D' f(当名词用;通常只用单数)
+ Y i; \2 n; Y" W9 B) e. B; I例如:0 z8 _; }2 J* [# c
Your wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters.9 Z% ]; ~8 M O. V
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
+ Y7 T9 f6 o' r! ^, dMr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener., b; u' y. d! ]6 [/ D
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)3 N: m; {0 H5 J" D
The popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.! U! k4 c# r- ]; }
(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
& S) o7 Y" F7 BSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.$ o" D# }' J) B0 `8 x1 b$ t
(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
/ a/ M5 K) D$ `% Q# F(7) hot dog:
1 f @, B# n! S& V1 R+ L& ~指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用); Z+ p$ t6 Z0 R4 _$ G3 ^5 Z
例如:! H( V8 I5 q& N& x
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
: f& z ^0 Y% i- s& N(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
6 N" g2 O$ ^* |' [% B/ E- q% p' h9 ?(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
- i- n% Y- T* w( Q9 H* D- P8 WIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.6 S6 q1 N( \, M8 s& @
(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)7 l; q. W8 [: ~4 M2 C
(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
( J6 V y9 k, `# |) B, r5 XDuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.
4 _( ?5 S, T0 T4 k: G(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
. f0 C7 \6 Y( m7 ~# {2 j0 D也指真正的热狗食物:
6 F2 A, w' Z+ {0 q& {) Y; [* R; L) MThe hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.1 D, g. N* A/ O( n9 @
(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)! C- b8 v# k3 P& s2 y$ z! k! F
也可表达欣赏的心情:% N6 W, ~7 t$ S! P4 P4 [4 I: T
Hot dog ! What great news for me.
6 _% P. C4 B& i(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
+ r9 @) Q* @5 l) m(8)eager beaver:
3 ?, B' @- b1 ?- ^ H指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)0 ~) \' J% `0 }( D( O
(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)9 ]( t5 @" \+ J3 o9 e
(当名词用,可指男女)
. d9 W' J+ M' o6 H) z2 E4 ~. j例如:
7 @# w3 k9 S( gJohn seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.6 M8 M9 f( @& _% T
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)/ ?' {' v& D: `/ x$ \
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
/ w w: @) K: r0 w(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)( n0 A" E4 P* J
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?
8 Q/ n. L& H2 W& Y& _- m(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?)7 _* p! g& f. f7 _8 u# v
You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.+ O( H0 T' j9 }2 y1 ^
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
$ F" Z8 V$ r" b' Q6 O* t(9)doubting Thomas:
( m, B! z- W3 W( A/ z这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)8 Y" j0 k4 @. u1 t
(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
8 D( p0 t' k; x V8 m: Z) y(当名词用)
: K3 `( a( V- J( n \例如:
. p c& `# ^: }/ c- ~- ZI am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.5 a# E( d+ @/ G, ~+ z e; ~
(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)
! E+ Z2 E3 J0 `" k/ e! H3 jThere must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas., n% t3 B2 _2 C* ^* _* q9 k
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)6 q0 i- I! `: q% o E$ C
也可用复数:
|- I) Q" O: U: | OMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.8 t# |, |( y7 e `! N, O
(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。) m) `! g3 f( j1 l. P; R
If there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.8 w5 Q% Z- b" O- c$ |
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
0 l2 k* B, O r(10)dragon lady:
& L; o$ P0 x' u. n' w/ |指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)
0 n# \& B' W& o+ L8 Y/ B例如:. L* \3 ^- ~8 Z' h3 h- A
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
p2 T0 k) x" S7 c4 a(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
# _- C$ p* [) p$ |I am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.. l& `7 q& R& F' d2 r0 [$ V
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。) F2 t' `( j) M: q$ V( f5 E
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?
( f" ` V) w* M. v(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)
" B, Z! f# K7 |' Q, g) V9 {9 Z$ [也可用复数:
' Y1 |: k+ B7 i' i9 TThere may be many dragon ladies in our community.
7 M2 j6 w" q2 R7 t6 z( V(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。): M0 v9 u3 I& e' V3 M S, @) O# n) r
注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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