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谈英语俚语
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在中文报章杂志上,常看到一些英语俚语(口语)的中文翻译。诸如「黑羊」、「踢水桶」、「阿奇里斯 Z# z+ \1 p4 I4 t p
之踝」等等。其实这些译文都是来自英语「black sheep」、「kick the bucket」和「Achille's heel」。8 m1 n: u/ _# i* I& m/ A t
若是这些译文不附加原文予以解释,恐怕「迷惑」的读者,不在少数。这不是影响了语文的沟通目的吗?为此,介绍一些这类的英语俚语(在此称之为「特别字眼」),也许对某些读者会有点助益!% v/ \) ? L7 L4 D; p, w/ \
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(1) empty suit:
' |, @$ |6 T/ B* H5 ~ v( o5 Z指不重要的人或假冒者 ( an unimportant person or a phony) 多半用在商业上,当名词用。0 ^, L: L$ ?, I
(这本是business term,指虽然穿著整齐全套的 business suit,却不能干、没有能力,不受尊敬的人。)% x0 e# K( ]% Z1 b+ g
例如:8 F K( b7 s/ @. Y, D& ^2 ^
An empty suit generally gets no attention from the public.- O$ j; H7 y: E
(一位虚伪不实的人,通常不会受到大众的注意。)/ j; K% e3 T3 L/ D- c O
Mr. Lee acts like a big shot, but he is just an empty suit.
- U7 T! j* n8 Y8 g' G(李先生装著像位大人物,但他只是不重要的人。)! c4 j) T: y+ D' ^: e
虽然这句话,多半只用单数,但有时也用复数:9 ?3 _, i- ~% o* \0 Y1 _( q% U
The company is filled with a lot of empty suits.
E6 q n' s# |$ ]' Y0 O. u2 S(这公司有许多虚伪不重要的人)- c+ I0 F" o8 r& ?$ j7 }) ]
(2) fair-haired boy:
! J" Q) _2 i) n9 {指得宠的人,也就是宠儿,多半指男人(a fa-vorite person usually referring to a man), O+ |- p) o# c. d( a: L; _# ~6 O& A
(通常用单数,当名词用), I" A% t; |! `5 L. {1 j2 n
例如:7 D- h' ~/ ]: }+ ]) g' m
Mr. Cheney has become a fair-haired boy to the presi-dent.
- ~ K; P: |3 o0 V( o( Cheney 先生变成总统的宠儿。)
, U0 F0 n T5 t. c! INot being a fair-haired boy, Mr. Wong never gets pay-raises and promotions.7 J5 a0 |+ ~" ?
(王先生不得宠,从未得到加薪和升级。); o4 P& T- E9 J0 M# J) r, z3 U
有时也可用复数:+ W q$ J+ h7 ~$ H& X6 u0 Q
Mr. Bush selected two former fair-haired boys for his cabinet.# L& U% U7 ]- a: h. R. m
(Bush 先生为他的内阁选用两位过去的宠儿。)
. |5 ?4 R6 H( U0 zFair-haired boys tend to receive special treatment by their bosses.
0 c9 ?1 `9 K; \# @3 W9 [" [(得宠的人,较会受到他们上司的特别待遇。)5 f! I0 G- E9 H
(但没有 fair-haired girl 的说法)7 L% n/ O, ?3 R: l! _- f
(3) fishing expedition:
0 f* }7 C1 @3 Y3 f0 \$ z$ g4 z为了搜罗新闻材料而进行盘问或调查(Try to ask questions to get more useful information)
1 H* A, _3 N$ H& k4 T(这句话本是 legal term,当名词用,多半用单数); \! g% }. y8 ^$ D8 k' g5 f3 h
例如:
2 l+ A! P4 C3 X& ^# zThe judge said the prosecutor was on a fishing expedi-tion and stopped him.1 F% V* d6 u+ z& k% G
(法官说原告为搜罗罪证而进行调查,要他停止。)0 d' U2 z6 W! m" {$ U) |. J* m
The police are on a fishing expedition in order to solve(或 resolve)the murder case.: X0 d' P( ? @1 d
(警察进行调查盘问,以便侦破谋杀案。)
3 ^# I# P+ l- B/ Y(注:solve 和 resolve 都有「解决」的意思,但通常solve用在「问题上」,resolve 用在「争执」上。solve the problem 而 resolve the conflict)
% X9 `# X/ w& a- D7 O0 @The reporter went on a fishing expedition about the president's involvement in the Iraq War.) d# C1 o* C" q" x; ~
(记者搜罗有关总统卷入伊拉克战争的新闻资料。)/ ^" y- m$ {6 b1 D2 I/ W! Z |
偶尔也有人用复数:' _. v2 }: F8 k! u
Several fishing expeditions have been made before he decides to run for office.: `5 b& }1 ~& Z+ A
(在他决定竞选之前,他做了数次的收集资料调查。)
m* H" t" O b( x: B# h(4) filthy rich:
! S4 \2 o2 j8 |* N$ B, ^" @) Z意思是很富有,很有钱。(very wealthy)) P- [& D) C. T% v4 A/ y
(未必是不义之财或肮脏钱)/ G9 F9 N2 @ w
多半当形容词用。例如:
( {% k$ v1 K" v9 O" w) _, s" G) ~5 ~With a beautiful mansion and an expensive car, Mr. B must be filthy rich.
2 w& l _8 E1 `. K( B先生住著富丽堂皇的大厦,开著昂贵的汽车,他一定很有钱。)
( b& g) J$ m" EDespite being filthy rich, Mr. C is still leading his life in a frugal way.
# |6 `% W5 `7 i; s, S& i' y y: ](尽管 C 先生很富有,他仍然过著简朴的生活。)
7 M; J3 `7 i9 n, V( j/ u( sA filthy rich person tends to have a superiority complex toward others.
2 @2 N* i6 l: P(有钱者对他人有优越感的倾向。)
' D; F7 b- d- [* q2 dFilthy rich people are not necessarily well-respected unless they possess noble characters.
/ r+ o' Y' ]. m8 w(有钱人未必受人尊敬,除非有高尚的品格。)$ j4 U1 w8 w3 |, [ P' @) p
(注:但没有 cleanly rich 的说法)
9 Z7 g2 [ F+ _- |# U9 j(5) fairy godmother:
# Y5 W# Y: j% {, Q& r. |5 K指及时慷慨提供帮助的人(someone who unex-pectedly gives generous assistance)
& d! S7 M% y. ^; V: r M(多半指有钱的女人)- @. l4 U' ^& m
(这是来自 fairy tale, 指女人有 magical power;因为童话故事里没有男人,故不说 fairy godfather。当名词用。例如:6 r8 V% m/ ?0 G2 r7 v2 M Q
Mr. A has a fairy godmother who gave him fifty thou-sand dollars.( q4 V0 x, q% C% R) V
(一位有钱的女人,帮助A先生五万元。)& [- c6 ~$ B$ v$ F& o7 x/ k
After lifelong savings, Mrs. B donated all her money to a charity organization like a fairy godmother.
: S: Z& Q, U- i4 `) G(B 太太将一生的积蓄全部捐给慈善机构。) i2 m. L( y0 `
有时也用复数:4 x4 o6 _+ C! {5 r, j
Only business women can act as fairy godmothers.! m# d' P4 j* N* N, t! F
(只有商场上的女人才能提供金钱帮助他人。)
! N) A5 O5 Y, d: v0 l6 LIn Chinese society very few fairy godmothers can be discovered.
8 v% Y: L' b8 S2 J0 t+ S(在中国社会里,很少有钱的女人慷慨捐助。)
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" F2 u7 t# O+ D, R+ I! x, K' b6)eye opener:
) H/ k: K; Q, N指令人瞠目的事物或使人恍然大悟的发现。也就是惊人的新发现或启示(shocking news or revela-tion)* P- p& _3 Q" Q/ N. u, W
(当名词用;通常只用单数)
* V* G. w$ W [: B. W F; e例如:
9 s, q# ]" U. O1 \* yYour wonderful article on marriage was certainly an eye opener to many youngsters." Z# `- \3 v5 I& J* [
(你那篇有关婚姻的好文章,使许多年轻人获得启示。)
$ J N- E9 A- {Mr. Wong's speech about U.S./ China policy seemed to be an eye opener.# n$ c0 H; c& X7 n4 l, }
(王先生的中美政策讲演使人恍然大悟。)
" c" v' {7 ]2 bThe popular World Journal in North America is an eye opener for many Chinese immigrants.
" z6 }+ y7 Z7 k(大名鼎鼎的世界日报是北美许多中国移民惊喜的新发现。)
$ E$ F$ J2 H2 T! ]8 wSome American customs and ways of thinking can be an eye opener to many Chinese people.
% y4 ]/ Z b8 g$ n; M& m(美国一些的风俗习惯和想法,让许多老中感到惊奇。)
0 I1 f8 K0 k$ V, f5 G(7) hot dog:1 J1 H9 V* A! T3 f
指喜欢卖弄冒险的举动,或爱出锋头的惊险动作。(one who performs showy or dangerous stunts ; a show off) ( 可当名词或动词用)
, F9 g( w' H' C7 h7 `& N$ G5 l例如:8 @) r9 ?2 P+ `, H! [
Some young people are hot dogs behind the wheel, speeding all the time.
4 F9 D+ X& N7 O(一些年轻人开车时,常做些超速的惊险动作。)
' V: d& r& r, G(这里的 hot dogs = hot doggers)
$ X+ ?$ V$ p4 ?7 GIn front of his girlfriend, the teenager was trying to hot dog.
5 t- ^* D2 B/ H/ E }! h(在女友面前,年轻人做出一些卖弄技巧的花招。)
$ l6 T. B4 j% l7 }" a9 {(动词时态是:hot dogged, hot dogging)
9 j7 m/ e9 O2 l! f8 p T1 I# ADuring the air force show, one of the pilots was a dan-gerous hot dogging flyer.8 Q* @1 A% ~; m7 U7 U% f, _
(在空军表演时,一位飞行员做惊险的飞行动作。)
) _. u$ y4 q8 J/ e, [9 F. e也指真正的热狗食物: g+ j# u& Z- }) b
The hot dog is one of the favorite fast food in the U.S.
: X( [0 y X* k, l' t) L(在美国热狗是一种受欢迎的快餐。)- v. ~% O; I f; P% P
也可表达欣赏的心情:
1 F2 c; B2 D6 }% R/ J% FHot dog ! What great news for me.
/ y. l1 c! {0 i( J g* a' E(真棒!对我来说是好消息。)
! C* j. z' D! v% Q(8)eager beaver:, j( |# l6 y6 F5 b' c( N
指做事非常卖力的人,也许为了给人良好的印象。(one who likes to work harder in order to impress others)
8 D5 I; ^2 O. _1 s. q, z(这句话是来自二次世界大战,新兵为了讨好长官而卖力工作。)
! r6 K4 h% Q5 O G4 i(当名词用,可指男女)
; x0 }+ L- E" F/ |0 O2 G* i例如:0 m/ L/ P2 t; m1 Q
John seems an eager beaver because he always comes early and leaves late.3 M$ K" R5 h3 J, v& B5 X
(John 似乎是十分卖力的人,因为他总是来得早,走得晚。)1 i2 z* F2 H: B
Being an eager beaver, he sometimes is not well-liked by his colleagues.
1 U* R' P" N5 r* j U(他做事异常卖力,有时不受同事喜欢。)5 \. y I7 L* T! o0 c( _
Does Mr. B have a long-lasting attitude as an eager beaver?& V1 r+ p6 o |$ ^
(B 先生做事非常卖力,那是长久以来的态度吗?): @0 C: k6 N+ A3 \* P) f
You may find some eager beavers in any organizations.) {( G- s7 Z; O) p% C
(在任何机关里,你总会发现一些对上司竭力讨好的人。)
- Q, _$ y: B7 M3 s& C(9)doubting Thomas:6 M, p" \3 Z. N, `8 V! y
这是指不信任所有的人,几乎是一种怀疑主义者。(one who is always doubtful toward others)
! e s$ a& m% i8 O: c D0 t& v(这原出于圣经,因耶稣门徒 Thomas 不信基督的复活)
& z8 ~% {2 w$ B5 `# k( [(当名词用)
7 y+ ~ E7 ]4 H例如:+ e" L, v/ b0 A, K8 h6 T
I am not trying to be a doubting Thomas about Mr. Wong's keeping promise.
+ u% n9 L1 Y! c(我不怀疑王先生的承诺。)& T( Q% W# i7 f3 d2 p+ f0 u' g8 S
There must have been some unpleasant experiences for Mr. B to become a doubting Thomas.7 H2 t4 h [- l# j. O6 @1 e
(B 先生不信任他人,也许因为有不愉快的经验所致。)$ @9 p, }* {/ j' l1 P
也可用复数:
9 T$ s/ y5 {( J' x- H5 `1 l6 JMy friends are doubting Thomases toward many Chi-nese business people.
7 q5 V' ^+ J1 D0 g# s) W(我朋友对许多中国商人不信任。)
8 J! P5 R6 Q4 _8 Q# q' E sIf there are too many doubting Thomases in our society, people will lose confidence with one another.- P E5 q+ A7 `2 k+ Q% Q+ e# x
(假如社会上有太多的怀疑主义者,那么人与人之间的信心就会丧失。)
5 l* A5 k7 ~: ](10)dragon lady:. _* _. J% r7 k' M- {- c
指生气、不友善或凶险的女人。(angry, un-friendly or dangerous woman)(当名词用)5 u% Y6 |9 v0 Z/ G8 E! V
例如:. G* [; i( S# T3 Q: v/ b! f: v
The chairman's secretary is so snoffy and nasty that she is considered a dragon lady.
9 i* f1 T' m$ N8 Q6 E(主席的秘书,很自大,脾气差,她被视为凶恶的女人。)
# \1 y! G( N- |1 G8 ^2 W/ E2 b6 U) pI am sure no woman likes to be called a dragon lady.9 |' j/ X) |& F. Q9 {- w' e
(我相信没有女人喜欢被称为凶恶的女人。): x* Y6 Y; C+ x# N* Y
Should your girlfriend happens to be a dragon lady, are you going to breakup with her?$ c5 Z+ t2 E. z. t/ S; s
(假如你的女友成了凶恶的女人,你要与她分手吗?)! ^ R5 ^5 Q- k6 H8 X! J% L
也可用复数:
* x9 {4 k8 Q6 e$ G5 f7 E* u6 C' mThere may be many dragon ladies in our community. a, M5 \# G+ R4 B% {
(在我们社区里也许有不少凶女人。)
# j5 I+ t6 M% |" M( v注:老外指凶恶男人,不用 dragon gentleman,利用英国侦探小说里的中国恶棍傅满洲(Fu Manchu)为代表 |
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