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How to figure a home's fundamental value
2 a* V, o4 h0 jLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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9 G& C* ?8 C/ W. j1 _; CNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.3 c, J1 l- F+ A/ Q9 l8 U. Q' z$ }7 Z
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.7 X7 S! F. F7 m6 @! v
7 M; U W) I& xTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:7 ^7 U, m" @6 l) H; y4 h( m6 h% O
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7 z/ C& E' f% Q% t, I! F7 pIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988., S! q- K5 m4 k# H+ A2 `, F
7 Q4 J0 a% ` O5 G P& FSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
) ]$ ]* G; k$ z6 }. W' _San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.1 [. n# a: I7 w* _3 E. j
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
4 F0 Q5 V& v, S% |- ~You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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% w3 z8 ]4 Y: k9 M) H4 v# wIf home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.
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# }: t+ N" I( b6 RIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas / B' b; ~3 \& i1 X( m, X
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
9 s+ g0 p2 t# y9 r; _( P% z# n8 ABoston 20.5 30.2 2 B+ S; `0 M; Z1 `" F6 F
San Diego 22.8 29.7
. I9 Y8 [7 _' v9 n: p2 TSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
F) D9 ^1 o& y) R |Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 + V* _' f/ K( ]3 |
Seattle 20.4 25 % W( s% W+ q/ G
Denver 17.7 23.7
4 O v& ?: k/ E+ r8 [( f( d% ANew York 21.2 22.5
) i4 A4 c% |7 RChicago 17.2 20.8 4 {) \1 S \0 i' [+ T9 Y
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 & l3 H7 e3 h9 p8 G' J' }( w
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+ |! E6 c; C- m" hIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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1 U& A/ w' j+ s4 @+ UFrom: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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