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How to figure a home's fundamental value
( n7 I1 O# \. P6 s0 Q) XLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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% M( U; o g, ~$ WNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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' p0 ^! I" d- |1 S+ F& x+ tLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:5 [. [" Z! }0 F# C: b% m0 [
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! K' y% W o5 l6 M" O, k6 oIn Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988./ U# U/ \9 k! ~- Q3 b; u5 X& [& N
- h. ?0 p4 g0 e) e/ L5 X# a% qSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
5 D9 N* `; U% nSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
+ ?- B9 a1 n& pNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
7 @$ \2 ^ G- fYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.: s/ Q( c; @0 p' g- L
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.7 v4 `) u- u: I6 u3 x! X' Y0 J
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Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas 1 i. u9 H5 E) C( `6 Y
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
! s$ T& O7 X7 Y9 J, ^* f! LBoston 20.5 30.2
. V3 L" P4 G" R; J' ]San Diego 22.8 29.7
; S' [0 I+ b8 `- \San Francisco 23.8 27.2 + O) a- v* u" A& A0 v+ _& m! k
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
$ i* j; ?6 w# v) FSeattle 20.4 25 ) E2 k7 a9 M a: Q1 u. W+ t# F) x
Denver 17.7 23.7
( E' Q+ y# j# v3 p6 A, K# TNew York 21.2 22.5 ( n1 G9 v0 k* s; P( o. B
Chicago 17.2 20.8 1 |( A" E( S! J4 N
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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