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7 Q6 q4 `! O9 b' K% J: K6 N# y. c, v+ ehttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688& Q) }; ~6 I) u& s
, j' O" c, J! w8 uJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
& G- { b) f nYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of. Q# l! q/ Z: v! | L
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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7 A& ^+ y& Z) r. G6 FLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of2 M4 j! q, B- Q6 Q; M$ b. N5 r7 I
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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" `- G& W; n2 q! q9 N4 L+ ]: ]Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
' [# g# c) l% v/ y( W" UReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20185 H/ J$ s: X& V, r1 F$ ^: T7 m
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract. N: `3 |; G$ Z) K. C7 X& f$ U
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing4 A$ S- R$ _- [. R8 J
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The! R( S5 Q% q1 i7 c7 S
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been2 {( y% [) D& a; _, N
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
+ b6 ?7 P* E& Y7 j+ Y2 C; U6 qonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
9 }4 S* ]9 w# E+ h* Uworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly9 s! D, {0 B! @& Z! r- t
to the standardization of the scientific terminology
- x# }& a3 _( c2 n' Y% Q% _. ttranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s8 g+ u* `% ~- Z, Y, N
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
$ }0 P( a; B& y/ pand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the3 ] h5 [: L f, v
standardization of the scientific terminology translation7 s/ p. G/ l4 X* ~4 c- I
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien3 n" x; a/ |5 B; G
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
% K) y4 u& e# b% V' {of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
2 X7 L1 w, F* P; ?! ]; Z5 lthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way; ]% ~3 E. H2 m( c( n! h4 V
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and( b9 Y5 k0 n3 t& b
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a/ o- s7 }$ p- b$ i, u0 [1 Z
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific- h; \* N( q) C- f t: k% @% m
terminology.
2 p5 I2 c4 T; @9 ^* t4 zKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
* g& F. S$ F, t- Z5 m* b; P' `Standardization of terminology translation; X$ a2 c4 N" U" z
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to; j7 r! p) t0 L+ X
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
3 t: e& P! z# a6 x, c& S: c2 Y& JChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available, E i. @9 \6 \' `7 h1 D
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102135 T8 V- f, n7 i# ^ R" Y3 a9 P
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
3 S" t1 w2 |% a! B9 i# }/ BJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and( _4 b: R' K8 v- T
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
6 M6 D0 k1 P9 D8 gDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to- _, W- n, X R8 G# X' g
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of, m* \5 e, F2 R3 X7 _$ Q$ ?' W
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed" e! ^' |' ? U2 j
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as0 U0 z+ B7 [6 d2 M% {
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
6 M6 f! L& b% k4 K9 X3 I# G5 d, y' |his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-0 X8 j# ^. }$ w6 L& N. ~: u0 W
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
& P0 X% W2 v& w2 E* K, F: v' tworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
# v# B. n/ ]( v% S4 R* f9 rFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
* p) R" [6 K# r0 A' A8 g6 kNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated2 T+ k1 y" i/ c# p2 c
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
& \/ V8 o! H; G$ Wwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
4 D$ Y+ Y" g) Yrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
0 s* A! k0 c+ p$ k% UFryer translated more than one hundred of Western" x' d) ^2 V6 x0 b# o) e& x
books that made him the most productive one among the% Y$ n) A: a, \6 Y2 ~' {: y6 ?
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,5 @8 S: I1 W9 P. w2 I
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
6 \% p# j3 a5 m! z5 tnoble work which could help accelerate the process of2 A9 `5 t2 S4 x1 f9 k. x" v
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).% V7 B. }- m |- _
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer5 X( J" C0 X# h( H4 P8 U" S
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western4 w4 a# `* \7 V$ v
science and the standardization of translated scientific
( k& h |1 C7 b; h# ^4 Z3 Sterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
4 v9 U3 s# ]9 M Umagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the# u+ \+ [% w7 D: s. |3 @, X" W
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another+ p- [$ H# D* t+ N! X& m. M
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
( U |* f0 v: ~4 _7 O$ iof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
7 T% x4 b0 Z7 [4 X! WModern China.
8 E; x0 n+ d9 ^2 ^An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published; M: b6 D* z- N
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
/ J, C' l" ]2 {3 Y$ f; qtravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing( z. H; { s$ e
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In/ B5 Y6 y7 a4 I A V
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
) q3 v. B' ~, I8 |, f) }0 RTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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