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; I( W% `0 D* D8 b6 {0 a. d" Thttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China" V O5 m6 d+ [# Y4 F: U+ x+ ^9 K% C
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
( l+ S. |/ q! P! }& GFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China./ I& Y, T$ X# `/ A
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
& A( T2 g8 u/ z) w7 N H; zFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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1 a* n% r! b, y7 A( ISupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
! \- ^( V" m/ ]0 D; bReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
6 I& L1 W: f9 }Published online 26 January 20181 L" ?# b2 S3 u" e
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+ {1 ?+ o% N5 \Abstract5 q0 c6 F+ O/ Z( P% v
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing) ?2 V3 \9 a3 `4 t) G
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The- S# p* Z$ D! I8 i% _. w
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
; @+ d% h4 t; ~! ^' Q) Lengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
5 p% A% A, v8 d7 q, N4 Lonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific' A" a# E% h2 N% Q7 y. P6 b' c* |' b
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
0 F: I2 n* x" D& Y7 Ato the standardization of the scientific terminology c( _" z& j9 E; U7 v
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
, n1 A+ q# ~) ?scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
. n# M" u2 P, Y- U; l' Nand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the9 E- q" L8 @9 z
standardization of the scientific terminology translation% C; p( t2 b$ Q
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien1 L0 K q' P0 u u, V6 c) l+ ]7 _
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
4 y9 a: N* C9 b. n3 v: y$ ?8 v1 Yof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring3 {' `1 F3 y$ g% |! {
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way: i6 Q- r4 M& |1 J6 M1 B% K
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
( y& V8 t, v2 p7 @# w; lthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
$ N8 C0 ~0 z4 p1 u* Lgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
, Q9 s7 S3 b. C5 q" kterminology." i( K; v' U) K+ N
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;( k% k1 b4 \7 r; ?/ i9 H
Standardization of terminology translation) X( l0 f+ C7 l
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
8 w5 R7 R6 B- p0 b U4 gStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
( d1 L( C' S6 Q. |/ A1 I* IChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available; e1 L1 z) F# f4 {( P% Y
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
3 p6 H& ~6 q( r& J+ \/ bDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION* j5 g5 Z3 _! I! z a# ~
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and! \( b5 a3 b1 c
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
( C- U/ \* U2 x( ?8 vDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
8 s3 d0 ?3 G- F$ d+ q9 J! eHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
5 a$ ]" K. c" E$ l+ @& LSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
$ E3 k- E5 v& k2 eby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
: X8 _2 a! S6 Y: S# }% lan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on9 p. c6 d A8 h( ~+ I0 q* C
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
9 d: z7 q& T' I# g1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
4 w0 f' G1 S* k4 Z$ D: Jworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,) e. W. T. j8 [
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
$ b! M7 c' b. F: f3 S# |Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated) u j! v: O9 k
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant$ h& I) \3 H' u- w9 N$ G
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
! J1 s3 k$ ?& b$ Orevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
/ A3 e5 e1 d4 b( X$ l, c5 P+ \Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
5 W( H( G, I1 u1 n7 Sbooks that made him the most productive one among the
/ X! d& X9 T, Q1 o4 ?0 Iforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
" z$ ~2 K) A+ ptranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
; ?0 x4 b2 B" d- {6 |noble work which could help accelerate the process of
# a) N. x2 C8 P* j& upeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
& k3 z) P4 n6 Q3 Q/ O5 A0 ~In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
/ K! ]5 T3 b- R2 Zalso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
# P# W% \' V+ ?% ?science and the standardization of translated scientific
8 l: _* M' w! n0 K- { O/ Dterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific; n6 x6 R+ |: A; o8 S
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the9 [$ q8 Q" S. `% B4 c
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
3 c2 b/ {7 x+ i* S: Zcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series6 z/ }8 c/ T: l/ s- C! {* B
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in5 h+ l% l1 E1 l2 D$ q% \) ?: G
Modern China.# L7 {* G% n2 n6 e! p5 _
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published1 O( z% G) w) ^% ^& N
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of! c6 H& _, z4 ~& U y; q
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
/ @1 n) S" v5 q2 H, K# o' V, d! [4 Da lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In% m; Z2 |0 d& d& G( T4 Y" e
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
- h( U6 N2 c# w& ^; mTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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