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, [, M% b3 V9 }% t2 x/ Ghttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
U; T* W4 P4 X* G7 Y2 CYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
& A6 G6 O& ]3 l: ?4 FFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.+ v! w; F& Y: ^! @) ^- u
. J) K# c1 U6 w! |- ^' d
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
) P: E) h7 d5 ^0 j# R8 y3 p8 e) ZFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.) g# a0 P9 l$ G7 u9 r# `
' c4 t" M" _( U( E7 `Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .# l( x& t) Z% H E
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
2 B. y% d/ z$ Y# SPublished online 26 January 20181 `7 y. x; E5 H X) o8 Q# f
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Abstract
9 f3 y& `9 n {2 Z5 M$ cJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing8 w+ i, x* y; `" }+ @
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
6 q/ D# w' ^( yTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
% x9 e; S8 k- Aengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
6 J G( w" p6 m( t& R: M! A: f0 v& Aonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific
2 W& x$ t. s# r; U* Vworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
^+ s$ K1 p, u! Eto the standardization of the scientific terminology
' c7 u4 V: G7 q5 m5 h- Otranslation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
. X/ ^( S0 C' F" Z/ @* Q7 J2 ~* ^scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
! L# s1 I+ Z: U$ l2 Zand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
; O" F5 Y1 ~6 f8 k$ f4 c- [$ Bstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
* T8 A' w/ H. Z% p6 z7 |in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien' s) C2 V- _- S' L
he established had helped greatly with the popularization$ `6 f2 Q: a9 w& T
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring, k$ {/ t; }' t5 c- X" H, A+ C
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way1 p, x/ _# `" q
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and* ]' W: H4 u6 d! q0 d
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a* ~* N/ r% o4 A$ S
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific9 c1 V& f3 y8 K% q& z( f
terminology.
. u( e" v$ @! @( D/ M, _* PKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
; e9 x7 `( K0 ^6 b }9 n( U; ~Standardization of terminology translation, @+ W2 {( l$ @! W
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
* e9 \: u) Y# M. M4 BStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
1 ` }4 O$ _7 K5 `3 A+ GChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
& y- P0 _2 j" m R; B! vfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/ g2 f: h0 S" L2 A' L" }
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213# Q/ J- y3 T( H8 l" A
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3 {' N+ h5 @$ R2 O+ `) YINTRODUCTION
- f4 F1 Z7 ^' |( h m% vJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
, n) l' s! N, w; z Va great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).; v6 R6 O* z4 i* |7 W- ~
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to& B. M2 i% f+ e
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
( Q' i3 x# G9 r0 LSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed9 r% W2 r8 ^6 q% Y8 ^
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
4 H1 ]: |6 e$ z9 P+ _3 Y7 jan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
* I, W9 `1 D9 k7 o, p) ?+ `his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-% [9 J( K8 ]1 ~* v, c$ _' [0 j
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific4 |( R" N# S0 |8 j, Z2 u; v
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,, \% t$ Q8 u* ~4 ^2 Z( A
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
8 {, z9 k8 J+ U+ QNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
$ g5 I! {4 s, ]' s9 I4 h- \to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant R# K6 Q, C- `; j* O; O
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,6 D4 Q: C* W6 }2 A' L" t
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
8 S; A6 U k* Y& f6 s. O) {) d; {Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
' y8 f* [# {6 A& e Nbooks that made him the most productive one among the% X, t) u5 k+ Q) a! T: Z: |
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,7 v7 O6 Y! \" C7 {
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a/ x2 z _, W0 n! ]
noble work which could help accelerate the process of4 N R, h( ]* q' O* r" {8 D1 k
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).: [ u/ [# o7 {- @* w6 ~4 ]3 o- t
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer H- w9 B0 m" r' }9 Z$ E( L2 ?6 v$ c4 a
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
0 t0 V; Z. J/ h2 ?: G6 vscience and the standardization of translated scientific
) c U, | J6 I- L) hterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
( H$ i7 O# ?! ?4 v4 w& W+ nmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
% _7 A5 V* k, t0 sestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another% A+ k5 t9 s* {& e
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series! X! i* o ?5 Q' I5 n! u: ~
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
% j) J, N2 V" Z u; DModern China.
9 e* B: S0 s! VAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published/ _$ M' n. K, L( s: R$ ` P
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of- }: c' T2 j. T5 G
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
( m: R/ y# o) [5 }) v6 ]' Za lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In* S* { n- u* T8 g
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
& n2 @1 N. }# T$ f0 N5 O* k& u% lTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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