 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。0 E& D) n- m l- I: O* @9 B
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关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
8 q+ Q6 Q4 a& B. r" t, w* I9 ]# G> MIPS Equivalents7 o# O3 h: H: u$ x
>
0 ]* Z1 k+ h5 w0 d/ t3 d( O> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS
* ^+ x' F# E3 |4 W> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
2 w4 q2 z/ h! v' V3 g1 e( \, B> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS1 z6 E* G" c% G/ _# x7 r6 _
> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS- r3 B" W7 Y1 i, S% D' ^: z4 N* t
> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS
/ f/ u4 k' L4 k+ ?8 ?7 `> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS2 P* h& c: Q7 F- A2 n0 \$ S6 D
> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS
7 o) V8 o. ?1 L2 @' C* _> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS
: q' L% W9 O E* A; i- _> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS
4 |! I6 V3 S) X2 P8 b( z> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS
) U S+ |* u/ f0 j s) j> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS
. v& T' i( |: z* K> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
) f4 S6 f+ u3 T* d1 t> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS
$ [/ L' t2 l+ `, q% _% \1 J8 X> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
5 D4 m4 o, B8 C> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS
4 z+ Q" O0 J4 D6 `3 a' a) K> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS1 J! u) t: I# F; ]. J! _
> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS9 \: k2 n6 w: o/ W( O2 `% A. x
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS
1 _+ w- W7 M' x z( q- B> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS
" ~3 n( R) _* E2 P! R' Z> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
: [, f; p, c! ]% r$ q> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS7 l2 A5 j0 F5 `( O, S1 p$ C4 e
> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS9 Z+ {; j! I+ }! q
> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS3 P! x( B% o: ~# u0 L
> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS
9 ?" u! e8 e% ?1 I> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS: e% H. W. }& H2 @$ A
>
. |4 Y3 C q6 Y* q> Type 6 z: d; K3 ]; z
> H Hand (manual calculation)' y5 q5 I; R& O) ^& C1 h8 n
> G Gear (mechanical calculator)' P* P6 B! e/ [& C2 _5 @
> E Electromechanical3 r8 Y) l& i: ], U6 F6 B9 B. o
> V Vacuum tube
# J- {5 [' E1 S4 d3 Y> T Transistor, R- a# {/ K" v
> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)& O5 Z: G6 x3 |5 l
> I Integrated circuit
# G7 T. _% R) ?> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)$ q5 @. h( j& o
> R RISC processor6 T; t" v- u) g0 s
> M Multiprocessor
4 D1 |/ Z: \8 w5 l- I% v: p> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph/ M" U+ G2 N( w
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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1 G8 \$ h5 \7 RBy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08
# r1 T3 m. _& D7 M" i5 WOhdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09
, i% R' a+ O+ v2 L9 sSteiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08
2 r2 x% }5 Z3 o! M! F7 WHollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08
+ {8 \" ]2 h, z! f0 WAnalytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07
9 I0 _/ k$ n# Q$ Z6 @- _. u$ _Monroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08" {5 I/ Z, I2 s; N" [" d6 c
IBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-081 q5 W* ~6 ]& x
Torres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08# ~- s6 T/ N9 W& u" t
National-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08% g, X, I8 C, e# a2 S6 c' T/ r2 x Y
Burroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-080 M8 I" ?" _, N& j5 O! i9 m
Zuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08
4 X$ C/ _) Q9 lZuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07
# H Y% ?: K: v* GBTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-064 d9 u4 F* t0 U
Zuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
/ q+ m$ ?5 e' ?- a- `. Q( z& WBTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06" D" U1 `$ a& U1 {8 C% a
Colossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.0002249 b5 r% P: H+ O
BTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-06
( ^! f6 Q% Z4 ^" dASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06
: w0 E) k& d# | Q4 Q# gZuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06 _! J# b9 a) ^
BTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-062 {+ C9 H+ \) o( G7 k: z) p2 U% O; }6 \3 d
ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.00289
' S, A% I) X) d/ GHarvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06
) n: H; q2 z/ W/ OIBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597" @+ ^: y' Y" o3 s+ W5 `+ \; M
EDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
- u; B0 c! @1 e: o6 v5 W+ sSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416
6 j2 A: G' d" R* E' ZUNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575% K5 S8 K# p) s# {4 l9 B5 O
Zuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06, r+ ~: a* g7 D+ ^6 ?9 Y" b
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.001766 G: C0 D- S! W& f! l, }: D. O. u
IBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966! g, W3 h% u1 n, E" g n' H. w3 {2 b
EDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017" L+ ?/ N3 i4 }) {
Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694- w' e6 {0 e' V5 i6 ]
IBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.05361 F+ T0 f$ q3 ]
Librascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701- y% q8 m, s* c/ |9 t" ]
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326$ g# o7 e* H' z: I( o) ^
IBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.00103
* q$ T0 F) O! yDEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.1248 L3 ?! @7 f& W, \5 ]
Atlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4
9 H. g: C& N$ Z0 O5 @: W" ABurroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989
- Y/ N0 ?& [6 W5 U. o* GIBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063' m- C* y6 N! R! q
Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.15
3 w5 I3 T% Y0 @; f$ a+ q, y; \DEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.169
; W! ^: V4 g8 Y# L4 xCDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.76
( q8 g/ d& G' I7 R. r5 `IBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15# n# H8 k( s# r* X) [
IBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54
; Y( u6 _/ y' h8 hIBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.249 N% ]+ r& o: V" `. @; Q
DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.6550 k- p {; g9 t6 v" j$ H1 V
CDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7
* k$ Z A8 V$ w# n6 U* e7 BDG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.11751 `. D5 r# a I: }+ Z5 [
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649+ ?7 f- L) w) h% H/ @3 |
SDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.1051 ]/ p" V7 I$ [; w7 C& A$ {
IBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3
0 L% t/ X+ l9 I3 g; vHoneywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.0756 F6 V6 R- z# U/ `2 n0 ^1 A2 G3 b
Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36
7 J4 N& i6 o1 S' Y+ wIBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88
, \9 t# [1 E' Z" X" ^MITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01
& l4 z( S* B/ j% wDG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47, O) }, c7 X' P% R
DEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.3
# E H3 i7 s" U( }6 pDEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.42 E) I& c9 E6 b& ?* P. m+ X
Cray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150# I1 I1 v; J5 a# o* M0 q
Apple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.02
2 V9 G9 ?5 w8 F! V4 SDEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0
) f% Q3 ^8 l0 KTRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04
1 r" d! t G( U" ?% z' CCommodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
: o5 s4 [( c) C+ z. PCDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.5
4 U7 G. a9 v* O' |+ c- SNanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1% G6 n$ d w9 t0 A. l+ S/ _- P
TRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04
" n$ m2 i# P) d" A' TSun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484
8 ^* ]# d5 b' aCDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2
2 W9 |' K1 f0 g* k1 x- c8 T# sVic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.048 x. w2 s$ A$ u
IBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238
& S5 F' V9 x0 L6 n, YSun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741: ]3 B! k; P: S( h* \- d
Commodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.26 D% m, Q+ c8 N6 A, I; m- x* O
TRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2+ `$ Z5 ?, m* L. m/ o8 x" W% ^
Vax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799
4 Y) n- V1 f8 s& BMacintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52
0 I+ o( Q8 c0 R: a1 v/ CVax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26) k' v2 ]8 j' n' f
Cray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824
+ j# T# h- ~! n5 xL.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26" X7 G4 B: W6 c0 |
Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165
+ @& b( @0 O' z2 _1 B- L1 tSun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05
# L% T/ m7 \+ Q) J. l$ K+ f6 }* fDEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71
( P0 K* G5 K% Y9 w5 DMIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534) B5 z* l9 S0 P0 x2 t" M
Mac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5& c& Z6 g; W$ R9 m! X
Sun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87
2 x& l5 Y6 K3 D1 v. y9 E, B6 wMac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.94 G; G* b/ S; A/ g
CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8( k8 \4 Q8 t9 z4 s1 i7 P/ U
PC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.3
7 M+ \" y4 d M, OWang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
9 G7 d& A2 }9 h! }Macintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.9- [! S4 @3 c4 N h$ T; U: C% r
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.52 m7 E, o* r& A( J" j$ U5 O& S; |
Stardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.3
9 [" ^* V$ u7 Q0 YDell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.50 D p5 w2 M6 d$ r. \! n+ w
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.0
% R @& p$ a3 j# AAmiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5, c8 h6 @! R! n9 P5 g
Gateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
1 X! ?8 m1 T0 p8 g, }- L6 I* s WACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8$ t+ i* y [/ B
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0
# ~) |+ J9 f& J: h5 {# ~# Z% wAST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9. F8 {, z4 D1 t. H
IBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.6; r' p }! u7 s. v9 L: Z: W: f
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.8; K1 K6 r8 Q2 s% u; F
IBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1
- g, w- Z3 e4 V9 BAcer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5( Q; H8 J" F8 Z; A( G- J
DECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6
1 o" @) o* b0 R" MIBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.11 S* `' b3 ^7 @% } t/ I
Gateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2
+ p4 b" I/ ~ ^7 H4 m4 HPowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100
& K4 ?( K" k G2 T+ L/ wPowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
+ O* E+ W0 I) R9 ?PowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 2009 s( v) D3 z1 |; g) @+ ~ v
Intel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70# M8 i4 {1 t1 H* @; ?! j, W
Gateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92; F1 T) u5 v, _) m
Power_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300
: G3 l l. b4 [, }0 LPowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160
$ J# T3 T) m9 x" Q8 X# }1 m4 IGateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 3504 I" G# @' _1 f3 `- R4 R$ X1 F" P% ?: U
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375
1 t3 |( ?* D- f6 u/ `" K$ [Mac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500
4 Q! c0 j* q1 g# g B3 R) [6 E# n2 b3 aiMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450
9 _- x- [# w5 J, I4 RAcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475, f" q. X2 A" R1 {& L5 C* W. J
Mac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
4 d9 @, j( g W: x# `3 m4 @" u# K! GPentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750
: ~8 \7 l+ n0 m; m& RPentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820
& r7 Q5 D" G. `( Z+ w+ ^0 sMac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856% m% y- w5 [3 P, e3 ^( k) g! v: u$ u
IBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6! a( R0 M D0 x6 \+ V" O/ b
Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 6000
( u$ U! c0 G) a5 HMac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 1500+ K# A J5 n3 p
CerfCube R 2001 500 32 230; }4 w- y: f7 d4 K+ q/ R7 B; j' b8 W
Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300
" `. y% @+ Y. ^3 i$ }' A# oDell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 3320
6 m$ t1 `; R5 n& ~6 U3 G JiMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100- I' N5 }$ \3 O/ g- O
Dell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500/ f! {! K; D: Q5 d. ~
Athlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144
" q: t0 V3 a2 X, {+ cMac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500
; i6 Z: I6 G* GDell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439
9 S. t' {$ s! x( a D* z# OMac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413, c) m$ J/ m1 ]( Y5 X
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 51004 v: w# [0 g/ G9 J
Mac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000' u7 V7 g4 y9 O* y
VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6/ x l( ~( Z* h4 e1 L( D5 V
Athlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800
7 t' T6 i5 C1 T4 [1 q3 d* U0 w% PMac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850
0 }0 o* C( [ P0 tOpteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000
1 S3 L# D4 i' O& a, X/ T8 kMac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000: e* y5 o! C$ l( Y
iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000
+ D% W# q( a1 s7 JMac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
1 Y3 g5 J% W. E4 C1 A# ?" DMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 9000- }# ]: Y% N2 k `* Y! V7 q0 K u- f
Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
" k+ q' l0 x0 D, DSun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6, b/ j- I6 ~6 g& W6 K5 n; h
IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e6
|( n& S) a: L- R4 H3 PMac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 60000% [) g8 z7 n' T6 w1 Y& L9 |( ?
IBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e9: }2 J# [0 x& w; A, n1 a1 Q
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9/ N$ H$ W& U% t$ ^) U9 S$ P
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000
, |9 Q, ^2 w" M5 FAcer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000
# K, y- D6 i% n- iMac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000, `- ]3 E: E" M3 F
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e9
( ?0 U3 x/ A5 h2 f9 yMac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000* u6 A/ \2 d3 S) v/ ~* _* Z
Tianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9
8 r; s! @! R2 a* G: P: ]iPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600# O5 Z" j5 x3 J5 u$ k
iMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000( B/ z6 J4 @2 e/ b
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 51000% O7 T% e; Y, m" Q- T0 z8 Q
Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9
/ h$ Z# i3 l) X* @# ?7 C: SRaspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000 H. x; A0 I3 v i9 Y3 `
iPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150
! {; x. N4 w/ p9 O1 V2 ViPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
. T( r5 w1 W. ^4 X( e. Z- U# d9 xiPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200( J( k, L+ j) E% x7 \2 l; ?
MacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240) M$ O- l! k& `, i
MacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153' L$ F: L) b1 m) o) T2 Q- k: G L
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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