 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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, z+ `& [, v! ~我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。
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9 s# {, W" h' X$ k4 P6 b关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
& t e8 H4 i1 d) f$ F4 K> MIPS Equivalents
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> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS
1 ]* @2 }) E; S" C. s5 |% F+ Y> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
4 J$ `+ ^; n' P+ P) ~> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS
$ k0 P! j5 n- @9 E- M> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS
2 |6 G, I) N* ]8 a1 u$ P8 I> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS* ]) y' ?* _7 } t3 Z
> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS
+ ?6 a0 [7 j) {" [% t( F. {9 A> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS: v* E; R5 _7 m3 ^1 w
> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS
- a0 v7 X! x1 q> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS2 `* J/ o ?* F# n) a* E! Z- w
> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS 7 k4 l0 [" H8 ^- |! X o: b6 A$ i
> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS7 q5 _* F* X& l2 e- P/ Q
> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
2 H+ f+ j! F% x1 v> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS
$ @2 C4 f) ]3 w7 Y# D> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
' r. d% c! P, q6 e" K/ }> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS
* n" x+ w. H7 |0 S, ]; J> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS
4 F2 V1 S* V3 P ^3 _4 S> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS
2 L* x5 A4 Y( [5 d& k! `> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS
- q* p. T& _5 c1 _+ \% l- t> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS @. k( Z+ a c& m% J. M( |
> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
" m$ y$ X) H: o. ?& i> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS
- |8 ]$ B# x4 m3 j6 o, G1 L> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS
; B/ i& s, v. c( c. {! d$ `. Z0 `> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS
! K0 P* u0 a8 T' I> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS
5 p4 ]" a3 o2 E# s> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS. J0 B: H& [' I6 ~9 j* d4 z
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^5 ?' `4 I& k0 h8 D7 S% K. {9 d0 b> Type
0 S8 K0 X3 p, }9 ?& y> H Hand (manual calculation)
* s. }/ F- U( z# F" s" ]$ C6 y> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
L2 N T' w0 S6 K. B! d$ S9 Z> E Electromechanical
% e# r7 W" f$ e, V> V Vacuum tube
2 }" i6 k) B/ X" a5 W> T Transistor# {8 `$ d1 @, b9 `( g
> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)4 u) J% _& ]" ~) p* s/ V1 L4 N
> I Integrated circuit
: I: ^$ v& m) b7 o% G> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)
: d# X9 D, Q4 w6 P) c d> R RISC processor
# h9 a" M6 l7 V; K( D4 `> M Multiprocessor+ D2 ^6 U. f0 z; W) R2 I9 p# u! E
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS4 Y7 a& A; C, W+ m. t5 M
>
1 L- K5 v% q( SBy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08" R) m1 b" _3 O: U0 v2 b
Ohdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-099 y$ O; O$ j3 b
Steiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08) C& @* T" }; Z/ Y4 T9 ^& f& }* O
Hollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08) [4 H* u. p* y' l0 b+ P. D0 ]! P
Analytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07! W9 |' i ^- i
Monroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
- w* U7 v+ C& o! _IBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
5 D4 _, R# N5 e. NTorres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08
$ l8 `' w+ g5 iNational-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
& z% E' z, ]0 L( r H+ o1 B/ U, ZBurroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
( f& C# D W* yZuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-089 G$ z: ]: p7 i' I. o0 z
Zuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07
4 M, a( k H/ EBTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-06
/ q: w1 G0 V! E% V9 NZuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
, a+ m1 T( J$ l5 x: r: [BTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-062 [2 S! E2 J' M* a" C
Colossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
" Y( I- Y: T& X" `8 Y. h0 WBTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-069 h' }5 ?, {1 X5 f F. }' R) L- e9 _
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06
( p6 P8 y( K1 s; t2 J0 iZuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06' d7 }' L/ v5 |6 @
BTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06
; [% G4 s0 B7 a# d' T+ _+ J \ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.002896 j+ y0 S9 [5 K+ J: e* @" J; K
Harvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06 u% n& N5 s4 p6 Q; H
IBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597: Q0 k' b5 e6 m0 W
EDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
" K2 ~% B: B6 z N! B$ cSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416- C( J1 {& k! ?+ H5 h
UNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575
/ \6 Y0 x4 v) ^Zuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06/ W4 G1 X9 N @6 a- \) m( L: X
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176, C+ z3 m0 Y- y8 Y
IBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.0009661 S1 K# h+ `8 f
EDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.00171 U* D5 h9 E+ B5 e
Whirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694
2 l1 h/ Q4 ~- R6 rIBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536
; b& ~; s. P2 v, z; T9 z' hLibrascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701" [) v9 X% W" Z) W z+ J( E3 z
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.3267 G$ V7 d6 W. v/ p
IBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.00103
B1 j, o% Z7 p2 TDEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124
- M; V. \5 D' ~5 dAtlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4+ V6 V; Y7 R7 \* R7 G
Burroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989
; X' W. ?; W. Z1 j1 h8 b! N5 E: d sIBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063
/ P9 P" u, A( N9 _Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.158 y( ]- C2 b( l" ? V" w5 M
DEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.169& o0 M! p) r7 u) G# O% N
CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.76
" N6 i. E3 \. U7 r( T8 I: |+ uIBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15$ V0 w! L( u, t% r" E
IBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54
* h" K, @8 P3 j" U( \( nIBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.24
* v$ s5 H6 `! B C9 C2 nDEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655
) b) G1 Y7 W3 o4 wCDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7( K+ N2 m/ U& {; j
DG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.11753 p/ |; ?0 r% R& n
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649( {9 H) c% V7 J" Q( S
SDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105
6 c6 f! K+ x) Q$ m* g$ a% ZIBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.39 O. F2 T; p; `8 d7 q4 g
Honeywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.0754 P. I% s6 o" u4 R! u
Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36( d8 R) Z8 Y) r7 h4 @/ m
IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88
, r' ]2 C" [0 ?MITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01
/ D' l% B! { h7 S* A) b' WDG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47
( w+ m1 r/ z* i5 LDEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.36 H4 Q+ R5 y7 t( i/ i4 w" U% G" O
DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.42 b2 P- \" F. c7 n
Cray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 1509 I6 n# i0 R+ v1 b9 E
Apple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.02
4 H' J3 g7 h1 ~" {; ADEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.01 Y9 J4 s. R% @
TRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04. H+ s; ]$ d6 M0 N! }/ I
Commodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
& u# e" g/ k+ b& O `5 `+ q% |5 k4 YCDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.5- ]) w/ K! N, W4 }% k7 v
Nanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1# ^% E( z/ e; w3 Q2 `
TRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04; _8 @3 g# v3 ]
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484
: k+ E* I; f! f5 FCDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2
1 |7 ^0 v2 R6 b9 U0 rVic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04
M( l- E6 h* GIBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238
1 p2 w/ P6 {6 `Sun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741, f6 J% { y- Y8 O- y0 p, b
Commodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2
% @; L i X$ C2 q6 {) P/ XTRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2
( n. W) S. E) L$ k5 F! JVax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799
8 Y8 Z& q" r% _2 v1 _: Y2 rMacintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.526 f4 t9 r8 }! Z7 a+ |" M$ P6 c$ \ `
Vax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26
) r; m; X% U2 Y ^; ECray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824% Q( L9 d) W6 e1 J6 I' T7 ~, K
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.264 R# b, z! `( R# M* Y3 z
Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.1653 _7 P; i5 F9 V- w6 \, J! }
Sun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05
# S* l& T) h2 }3 l6 p$ zDEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71
y* o' D4 s& X- I% ]! W8 o5 ?2 [" QMIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534
2 Y# q, S/ O% J% D5 SMac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5
% B: U9 y& g9 G# t% Q/ C- `Sun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87' m7 l/ S) [1 L/ Y
Mac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.91 W. S- u$ ]; U; o; ~; B0 M
CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.87 Q9 W- P9 _1 f5 U4 A* X1 H
PC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.3
' \8 X1 C8 H, F; T- M( QWang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
$ |7 Y. o* Y, e. A7 W& m: PMacintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.94 ]6 ~2 ]' H- m7 w
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
; z! d6 U0 z8 ^! \3 C5 i- xStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.30 Y, ?; `* [$ p) F4 D6 H2 h2 F
Dell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.5& ?8 L. z9 u2 ?" A2 w
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.0# l3 e" T; i5 T0 e5 X; Q
Amiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5
- J4 W! e. I( x6 CGateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
# k, `, o- t# ]- K* i7 pACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8 h, R" E n) E. v s) K! ^$ x
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0
) w% z) Q# H9 _) f. y, A3 ^AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9( @$ |' Z% R/ ?% x z9 _
IBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.64 q X4 I% ^; C4 O2 U
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.86 I/ Q' I% n: V2 _
IBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1) @2 s8 f7 D/ e3 v
Acer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5
, n2 k/ p* _( }8 t ^DECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.68 n2 i: Q U, n) X4 J( {* d3 M8 ]( z! ~
IBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
1 ?1 I; N( n# C. f; m$ wGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2
3 g8 X" Y/ g9 T b+ j- d/ ]PowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 1007 R0 Z6 g* G* t
PowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
9 E8 R1 e4 U4 FPowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200
/ @3 R5 s! `, B6 }2 U0 `# vIntel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70
0 E( }& e& s2 c2 l" A: S. x% UGateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92# e9 [; x' c- F" q
Power_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300/ P# e' G, Y3 g1 g4 j$ E, e
PowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160
: Q- ?* g) ~ G0 m8 E# d3 UGateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350 M$ [$ ]# V& N+ F5 J) F# l* N8 d- Y
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375
( s H/ y! Q) t% g* z4 EMac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 5003 x% T* _* q/ w5 \4 W7 h/ r4 Z
iMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450) q& A# Q! e# [ U* A
AcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 4756 {0 M: u# P0 ]/ r6 Q
Mac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
+ N3 e& u0 w6 o2 d: E( J6 mPentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750
, `; Z8 G b% _- i xPentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820 s+ O, d% g2 V/ \2 X! A% A, o" b, `
Mac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856
* g$ t6 d8 [1 |6 U4 a- n: ?5 pIBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6
3 M! C( T! R- U. JSony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 6000
/ H1 ?2 Q0 m+ M4 m) z$ P) NMac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 1500! c0 c7 V' [0 T1 \" ^( P9 W4 J; a$ k
CerfCube R 2001 500 32 230$ d0 ^5 }4 m3 X) d9 Z) B
Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300
s9 s. z* w a; L( o, C7 RDell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 33209 D* O4 X* d; B% T" T* s) G1 H
iMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 1100
# b: R- x9 G9 I; f" ?7 u+ iDell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
5 w t/ G! q5 v+ v* XAthlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 41441 i2 b6 l6 V7 A4 l* X% l s
Mac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500
& z& w. |# y4 d; r9 X( m+ _ CDell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439
' Y6 [' Q" Y. P( r4 M5 yMac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413) ~0 L4 H, ^$ t+ K0 S; u6 Q
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100
- n( K8 b& n7 b/ L& VMac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000* K- ?( ]. P: n& N0 F( g# e) i m$ T, C
VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6
/ B7 w3 q) `; w% y: I! _Athlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 68005 L! l/ {5 Z. m) \
Mac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850
. D) n# P" I2 n6 D7 i' L6 G/ t6 uOpteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000: G2 h( D( T1 i* I- n$ E k
Mac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000
4 A( [7 N0 I- y% M& t4 `iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000$ f' u& b [! j
Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
' r" A+ s# R. f) EMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 9000
* y+ [) \, x+ {# R8 h8 r* VMac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
. e7 Y- }* c! MSun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6
. y8 s: A7 h) y j$ y' F* }( LIBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e6
# B, R% u. }) U4 N* I8 {; g+ CMac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 600009 F" a' }5 p- m2 j& _
IBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e9
. x% O$ \+ s q. p" D* LCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9
) r* \, _ e a. _3 [Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000
: p8 f. ]* i7 |$ v% k! l+ iAcer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000
5 V5 c P, {9 n8 b- E& ^Mac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000
! Q3 y7 g% r/ B! i- ^Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e91 q5 r( [# E3 F# c* C2 M" l/ ^: ?4 A8 i
Mac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000
2 H c) p* [+ \% FTianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9
( ]" i1 i- T s% r8 KiPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600: p' r! _" E6 H+ q: V) W
iMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000* _3 V/ |2 g& D f6 t% n7 V
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 510001 }6 }* o* N* h; ?( [
Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9% P w$ Z9 C- L. u' \; i2 v: }3 k
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000
- s& ?5 o7 ]! Q2 xiPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150
* \1 ^+ p+ Q. c+ `5 qiPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
r: I6 j; |$ i& C# b3 ]4 I: YiPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200
- u6 F. g$ L* ? e6 h: ^4 {2 TMacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
5 A- l F2 h3 j6 t8 o. |& vMacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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