 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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' L0 L+ G' i) b( o# [我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。 i" z0 D$ H @" p, {
http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/index.html
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; A& \# M; F$ q6 W" H) V8 Z" O关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。
G2 x* u% G1 Y4 [; _, _6 ?> MIPS Equivalents- e6 Z* y6 [6 y0 x3 u
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> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS5 y/ m; R/ z# E+ B% p6 r
> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
( [( Y: J# B; o$ E2 P$ P> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS
6 ]- A; G' |( w2 q0 U7 [/ V& i- F' ~; A> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS
' H3 T6 j4 x2 p+ v6 v s> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS
# h- H3 x( ~& j+ s0 }( V1 e> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS3 }$ b; f9 w; m2 p7 {) P. A' h, {
> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS3 z8 q3 E4 r" M
> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS* F/ V3 }/ `+ g. Y+ K4 |% h
> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS& D7 o- T. }4 d1 T8 `7 W, q
> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS
6 c! [4 [9 v! U) ]) u> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS& d3 R# A2 ^0 m$ x/ ]( \4 l3 A! J
> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
, {+ d( N4 X9 w* C( {: E+ a> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS
7 h4 H8 e. L& T+ s> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
3 G( y! O4 k$ h> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS" C ]9 L a5 T4 S! K
> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS
* L# o$ H, ?) [> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS |. d7 ~6 o) L
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS8 G& \9 j- I3 J7 P' n; T
> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS9 Q( p, Z* |2 o7 {
> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS
- R" H" k. c7 l> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS" ?7 _8 b# b. l' M0 q {# V
> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS- h2 v- r c1 I# |( y, @% E1 A$ K6 m
> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS
8 |9 n: p5 [* @& r> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS6 e2 M: \% ?; y
> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS
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$ M# N; _: ~3 L> Type
- W; c8 r1 K8 V! L> H Hand (manual calculation)
* {- G/ ?! P/ C: I' Z$ ?> G Gear (mechanical calculator)8 {. R( L# m' o) ]! X
> E Electromechanical+ {6 l+ V: W1 P4 y
> V Vacuum tube
2 u$ L2 U' e/ s I9 S> T Transistor
" E$ r; J7 H/ }# D/ s> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)! R0 M9 D& @9 X4 U5 ~
> I Integrated circuit+ k& x( i; e6 W& l9 R, }
> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)
' x6 v1 J3 r, p> R RISC processor3 k$ {2 o) `5 f! A) _/ n+ N+ I7 E
> M Multiprocessor' ]4 `' O# y1 Z( p/ W, y0 Q
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph
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> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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! I" P' d5 c/ c0 d, @1 IBy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-080 c u- z2 S, ]# F, E( S! |! l
Ohdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09
( `0 O. E1 ^4 ]% q6 T0 cSteiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08
4 ]' b" Y, i9 c2 XHollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08) f, p% Q+ S) A. B8 U
Analytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-07
9 k" Q) {" o6 b7 k) l: vMonroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
5 q- H! L0 I! E! M& m, u& oIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
" u) T% j. e% t5 k2 i# bTorres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08% l1 H, y8 e4 L% f3 I
National-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
# Y- H# T: i6 \0 D+ W9 z& FBurroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-081 d- M# ]( g' Q: w, d4 L6 d
Zuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-08- }& P- `2 X7 L2 r) G4 p: g
Zuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-07) [; n" F( J/ ~
BTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-06
6 I/ D: Y3 x. H# \' |& J' x3 s5 bZuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
) o0 o+ v( ~& \3 X3 j9 O( wBTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06
8 ?( m8 H, o) g" D$ |' A5 `Colossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
* {5 k) ]5 q# I& n5 x/ e. hBTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-06! \4 r( u" g$ s3 M1 D. Q) P
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06
' T: H+ Q( w! g) w) OZuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
! u5 |; V- U+ g6 }- SBTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-069 b4 g# \; i) a: g2 v. m/ \
ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.00289
; j% _( R! C2 K, kHarvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06
9 x' l8 ^) L8 |$ c& o1 @( v. N0 Q5 DIBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.0005977 Q7 ]/ Y' e3 L" I1 X' D- Y
EDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
+ E3 W4 g( p) P3 G, QSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416
: e9 o/ y7 q H2 B9 q: a2 q; G6 xUNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575
% N8 t. e& o5 W# ^. w5 t' FZuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-069 z$ v \$ O5 f. E
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176
% E) B7 J0 B9 n3 l+ p" Q6 `8 B: P' x9 {! fIBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966
9 o, V& h, \+ e& }4 ~% OEDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017
% Y. }) r7 A+ q" k8 B( [& J- X! GWhirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.0694; `5 J# z) x% u
IBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536( n3 q% `6 F; Z+ L* [8 j: y
Librascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701! Y$ r5 {8 Q. e+ A3 B- i+ w2 k
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.326
" X6 V: w/ L3 g, |2 WIBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.00103
# {6 R( n o% g3 k3 [" fDEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124
/ Z( o- j$ w9 X3 gAtlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4
, _- R* O! h8 Q& ^Burroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989' I" l/ V7 M. U: O; i c% ~
IBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.063( o" S% Q- M+ B) T$ _! K
Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.158 A- F9 t% W) a8 H/ F% P- g# D! U
DEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.1697 _8 V' m% Q4 U) Q. A
CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.762 @! ^( _! {0 x) g$ Z
IBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15
y6 l! | l' X# H" }IBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54
! ]( R: G8 J1 l! F3 hIBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.244 v5 o2 A+ G$ L1 R( T7 o
DEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.655: }! @- @3 p$ Y, h+ M
CDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7/ b! W" S' j* H8 L
DG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.1175. Q) | ]% ^5 D! ^
GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649) {3 \; w! D3 q5 W
SDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105
4 _9 _( W8 o; W: g8 O0 ^ GIBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3
) L) N+ }" z: x$ t9 i8 uHoneywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.075
( u/ d6 h& S0 L% }Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.36; ~" @' T- s7 J9 `5 D9 b
IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88
. u) U' P: {0 {3 d) b2 ]& b3 nMITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01: R6 U4 E8 A6 i B7 Y
DG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.472 |* Y0 G" W3 j6 X
DEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.30 N7 q& t( S: ^, S, |
DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.4 ?- q* ^" W1 ?- c9 U! x1 a9 \
Cray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150
0 S. h9 ^, E) ]8 K$ R) ?/ t& wApple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.02
6 e/ s, u3 `: [$ p* W1 R( X6 @DEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0
4 u/ P0 ^5 j/ m: GTRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.049 [& Y1 I- h4 T! Q: ^" w _
Commodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
& j; Y( C2 z* X+ G& Q/ ]4 t/ }) GCDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.5
) T) F P9 S$ k- P' c2 M' BNanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1# _, |" Z4 G; U# R
TRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04" M5 v# C0 D% ~; ~
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.484
) T3 P5 O6 U( I" ]) @CDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.23 q$ v% S+ k) Z4 Z. T
Vic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04
1 j! ]+ R/ j' b5 X6 W0 D; LIBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238+ f6 ]5 X$ p3 Z0 F& \0 D
Sun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741( _8 ~5 O- j f( o' ?
Commodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.2
6 ]9 b, `5 b4 [/ ATRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2
3 J. L/ o( S; K& q* U: mVax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.7998 @9 r e& b0 w/ l( o. y. t
Macintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52
, O+ I( `" r7 T) GVax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.26+ K$ e( J T% V4 g; {9 o/ w+ n4 Q7 B
Cray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824( i% F7 u, L# f9 s! V+ F
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26
9 _5 B6 o3 Q' b5 U5 ~Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165 e/ {8 U5 Y5 ^) F, \! y/ A4 L
Sun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.05# U" V* J; l ~) q
DEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71# |* n; z5 D {5 E9 d% }
MIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534
8 T3 @: J' A$ M$ ? eMac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5- `* k) F. R' [' P( i& Q' B
Sun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87
. Y* L$ [3 y: {! S/ [2 }Mac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.9! \( w' w/ |' A5 y
CompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8 v, J: n% M1 J. D' P( e9 \
PC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.36 @! t4 p/ b) c; P6 P7 H" p) r
Wang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103* g4 Z2 t/ ]! z& j% c9 m
Macintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.99 l1 ]6 i$ g, d' e
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5& ?) ?" `1 @; R, W c
Stardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.33 R) ?! [( v! G2 y$ \
Dell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.57 x' ]' k, Q, j) h7 t
Mac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.0
' F8 P7 J3 q1 Y" _; ~Amiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5
1 ~" P* w I8 w9 z' IGateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9/ g6 Q/ ]* A ~# x+ L5 d2 X
ACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8
; _) i2 c" B3 b! m) L5 Y. ]Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0& l/ W3 L4 k( T, p3 I ]6 M
AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.94 H# m) u! J5 |
IBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.6: A: Y C6 P X4 G
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.8; ^! b7 i, [7 W+ q/ ~ \0 q
IBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1
- K9 z/ h/ M6 J& sAcer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5
% a+ E, \, j* @) C- B! rDECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6
+ T$ ~9 p: g( p# H e9 h3 KIBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
* X* j8 p. U. r. S$ b& mGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2' t0 K. |; N$ V7 P- x# a; o$ f
PowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100
5 c* F0 t* k) j) b! g9 M' dPowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
0 U& E. g0 m; cPowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 200
' M: X' [# f8 o# OIntel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70
$ N: N/ v7 P$ o; }7 W, z* p7 {; UGateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92
, _ o& F( K( }' V; iPower_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300
& C$ u* u9 z. E- L& iPowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160# `# q' K' g) z# p* m
Gateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 350
6 v2 E) {) R' ePower_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375
" W9 }6 ], h. F- gMac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 5003 _: i. N/ M9 z2 f* p$ A1 R; l
iMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 4508 V4 |: p$ q7 p$ [. t8 m/ o+ }
AcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 475: c1 g' G3 ?! D$ @7 {+ T
Mac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
6 I3 ?. p' {. P7 L! D7 w& {Pentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750% S$ a* a6 Y5 j+ s$ v+ E
Pentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 8200 o( w" m& q3 _5 H
Mac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856+ {9 Q. O3 z: n/ e7 p
IBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6/ c) T$ U8 Z$ u2 ]- H" g
Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 6000
* }# x& w* Z, D( G& oMac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 1500
: w( j7 W6 @1 O7 G9 y( Q6 E, nCerfCube R 2001 500 32 230/ J1 i5 V5 V6 @# n& }' M
Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300
" b I/ c0 h- e! P- @4 B! UDell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 3320! d, L# k' x% \ K3 f
iMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 11007 @9 m% |8 B& p& \
Dell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
! F+ }: ]( Q4 n! t; Y& N0 FAthlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144
" p& Y/ P) m9 y3 n; R8 N. z4 lMac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500
# [* E0 n& [' @6 _5 n! n( q$ ]+ @ eDell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439
9 X* N( Z5 e0 u1 b# k# o$ cMac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 74135 ^$ F3 b4 r$ k6 T5 j% w
Dell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100' D0 ~5 S# t% @+ {# M' R$ A
Mac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000
* F5 a# W+ g) p2 n/ R% T& |VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e6
+ Q/ f: r" B- O/ SAthlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800
4 n" [6 ~/ i' u) @8 a1 JMac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850( B8 D* {' O( v1 G8 ~5 K" C
Opteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 7000 g% o" l0 K1 I! ~+ O
Mac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000# J# W" N f' H* n2 d
iMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 15000
8 c% K) i2 o9 g) J: G( B+ {Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 300007 H3 N( Q& U" h4 x3 @$ f7 B
Mac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 9000( d d' B% U( u$ s1 y
Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000
9 X4 F6 W8 g" z! iSun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6, x2 S- B6 g2 D1 o' ~) H
IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e63 q2 {: K1 Q8 L+ O+ g+ h- J2 C& L, P
Mac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 60000
& F5 _4 I a# p! H R: _( FIBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e9( |% j) d/ _' O c1 n+ ^
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9& J$ c( ~1 C1 W6 q% }4 \( C
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 110009 Q. J4 B+ _( s1 l
Acer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 10000$ m% g/ f: v' y3 D: U
Mac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000
* `3 Q. l% i2 J) j: TCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e9 ^0 ?8 t: u7 _
Mac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000
. R+ ^9 t$ c+ h# d7 ~4 x8 KTianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9
+ A T8 G4 W1 ~& ?! X7 _9 U! ZiPad-2 P 2011 500 512 16008 a) ~0 H- E- c3 u* f3 A
iMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 40000
; g& I1 S7 F7 D' ^; pMacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 51000 `8 [: H, M7 v
Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9$ V' @$ W+ _$ j) o
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 1000
5 o; x- |) v/ O' _iPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150
0 L9 R# Z- |) e4 T9 H/ w/ |( tiPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
$ e8 p* J9 `/ [+ V1 O L0 z. L7 jiPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200# p# t4 @# ]$ ?
MacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240 ]# s" S! `% K
MacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 62153: S& e1 b- ^+ J: @ o( E. s1 |
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3 c5 t& O. t0 R _1 o& W2 q3 T> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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