 鲜花( 541)  鸡蛋( 13)
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永安里 发表于 2015-10-16 22:35
+ E; ^& s5 z( o5 Z! `https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana
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自己看吧。
" D, x6 n# {+ K: x' g; @这几项都是mental health的。吸烟也造成危害嘛，尼古丁非法化嘛。
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7 V& v- q1 L! c0 O1 ?) a1 ^$ MSmoking and stress
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) s# ?: \9 K1 R' s. L& T# wThe idea that people smoke cigarettes to help ease the signs and symptoms of stress is known as ‘self-medication’. Stress is very common, affecting us when we feel unable to cope with unwelcome pressure. It can cause physical symptoms like headaches or breathlessness as well as making people feel irritable, anxious or low. These feelings can alter our behaviour and feeling stressed often makes people drink alcohol or smoke more than usual. Long term stress is also related to anxiety and depression.
, l( N( ^5 H: I2 ?0 \5 LSmoking and anxiety/ x: [, c2 M. q, X% W q
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Research into smoking and stress has shown that instead of helping people to relax, smoking actually increases anxiety and tension. Nicotine creates an immediate sense of relaxation so people smoke in the belief that it reduces stress and anxiety. This feeling of relaxation is temporary and soon gives way to withdrawal symptoms and increased cravings. Smoking reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms, which are similar to the symptoms of anxiety, but it does not reduce anxiety or deal with the underlying causes.2 y9 D! ~6 ^: d2 J1 J2 e/ G# e
Smoking and depression4 c2 F; |& q5 }7 K
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In the UK, smoking rates among adults with depression are about twice as high as among adults without depression. People with depression have particular difficulty when they try to stop smoking and have more severe withdrawal symptoms during attempts to give up. Nicotine stimulates the release of the chemical dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is involved in triggering positive feelings. It is often found to be low in people with depression, who may then use cigarettes as a way of temporarily increasing their dopamine supply. However, smoking encourages the brain to switch off its own mechanism for making dopamine so in the long term the supply decreases, which in turn prompts people to smoke more.7 Q3 s1 n: i b( O* v& a; a6 _
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Most people start to smoke before they show signs of depression so it is unclear whether smoking leads to depression or depression encourages people to start smoking. The most likely explanation is that there is a complex relationship between the two.
9 l8 f8 \ r' R) t ?$ Q- D! v) MSmoking and schizophrenia% `- r$ M6 M5 ]5 s
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People with schizophrenia are three times more likely to smoke than other people and they tend to smoke more heavily. One of the most common explanations of this is that people with schizophrenia use smoking to control or manage some of the symptoms associated with their illness and to reduce some of the side effects of their medication. A recent study has shown that there could be a causal link between smoking and schizophrenia. However, there are various factors which may increase the risk for developing schizophrenia and further research is needed to fully understand the link and causal pathway.
/ U+ E: s8 \, I" z6 UDoes smoking improve mental health?
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7 ]: O- {* E: L+ M$ @( BAlthough many people with mental health problems say that they smoke to reduce their symptoms, they usually start smoking before their problems begin. Heavy smoking does not necessarily lead to fewer symptoms of mental health problems in the long term. Any short term benefits that smoking seems to have are outweighed by the higher rates of smoking-related physical health problems, such as lung cancer, that are common in people with mental health problems.
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+ {4 H, P1 m% K小问题，假如下周自由党被选上了，你怎么办？对我来说，谁都差不多一样烂。 |
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楼主: 蝶恋花
狗仔卡
发表于 2015-10-16 18:42
显身卡
发表于 2015-10-16 20:22
