 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION8 n$ C5 j Z4 y5 o$ D" a* N, G
Formal Statements
2 c- ?6 `; ~ s2 J+ p 1. Public Speeches% ~. D& F! a5 Z" G* H: Y
2. Letters of opposition or support
' i; H/ n2 v0 |3 A- g 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions( ^! @) J! O b s
4. Signed public statements! U1 g$ m( l! n; o( P
5. Declarations of indictment and intention7 S) k7 v0 _! _# R( u) N
6. Group or mass petitions
* G9 z& } S5 a
; A# i! v, |7 @9 [' X, R& yCommunications with a Wider Audience
+ p' }0 R6 v8 c" g- x' V3 z 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols+ W( ?- e( B/ ^( M, p! s
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
7 ?1 Z$ I {2 T5 z8 q 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
- ]. G* T* A) w$ u. M- u7 l 10. Newspapers and journals
6 w V6 \1 Q4 v6 F; p5 {+ y 11. Records, radio, and television3 y0 ?. j; s% f5 l
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
C( {& o$ s9 F. @. u: s E3 R+ u
Group Representations! L7 d! L# @7 ~5 E) o. L7 k
13. Deputations I5 r6 G6 z( b, F+ r \
14. Mock awards
- D! v7 b: n2 m* [- E" D1 ^) N+ ] 15. Group lobbying3 S2 \, Q K" \4 A. }
16. Picketing8 @- q0 ?! z( f8 S0 b- l
17. Mock elections' u2 F% @/ g8 P" q7 B) i" Q) D* W
6 P1 N2 X0 ~" y$ p+ g3 \
Symbolic Public Acts& g5 ^/ c' h2 r5 z( U# D
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors/ x! e R e+ P4 q: S
19. Wearing of symbols
& W" s4 G1 G, `# j 20. Prayer and worship
; ^* e }9 e6 u6 U; X H5 _ 21. Delivering symbolic objects, F- I3 A! c( t3 Z* U
22. Protest disrobings
; K. g" W6 a1 |) b7 }$ B* ~ 23. Destruction of own property! I- n+ {- A6 K4 n; v$ o
24. Symbolic lights& j3 Z) g1 ?1 t; d. ~0 L
25. Displays of portraits* e! t- ]% }$ ]
26. Paint as protest' u4 n" n, |7 s" B; _" f. F
27. New signs and names6 s. J9 o8 ~0 ^: j! [! l. X
28. Symbolic sounds+ _7 |: R5 ^$ U/ Y, K' a* T
29. Symbolic reclamations' M- j' s6 D8 H) E
30. Rude gestures
2 W, X( V5 S' _1 r" n, _1 M; Y4 y1 n! t6 K# ~4 t! ]- y
Pressures on Individuals
2 w+ D5 e6 M8 D7 p* ^$ F 31. “Haunting” officials# @& j( r5 i h" g, s; g
32. Taunting officials
' x$ `' t: R! Q: R; L' \) [- I 33. Fraternization: L8 Q) F8 Y$ N+ w! T" x
34. Vigils
8 S( m% K/ O* E9 M) S+ p, Z% [( J4 \9 ]: p( }! ?, b a) o9 D
Drama and Music
! j4 t6 `( Z! r4 K9 o 35. Humorous skits and pranks0 L; s' ^7 _- F
36. Performances of plays and music
6 M' d s2 g) K 37. Singing! ]8 ^# a0 l' s. r% n0 u# e) F
7 b k5 B0 u5 X. }, k0 e5 s7 e
Processions' U) K% P4 o' P$ x6 A* J
38. Marches
- S6 g, }3 c$ _ 39. Parades. d1 Y" T1 y: A
40. Religious processions, N B$ [# K7 w+ K6 @3 j; K& x1 l! M
41. Pilgrimages4 c+ u/ \3 j1 u' X8 a$ {: z
42. Motorcades
3 r* ?1 e7 ~3 h% e0 m( y% l
- P2 ]3 Y5 B* Y6 l' X$ EHonoring the Dead
6 l/ }+ {# } i# Z, n" M 43. Political mourning* p4 o: {& H9 y; B* P
44. Mock funerals' n: i1 t8 `9 B0 ?* j, z& C
45. Demonstrative funerals/ i* f& ^6 m9 d L6 ?" i5 r
46. Homage at burial places
9 a+ L3 L4 A7 p! d/ F1 r* N# h& d, K* m
Public Assemblies
, X, |9 P! u5 B( u; ?+ o 47. Assemblies of protest or support
6 z. @$ U/ w: j" A0 k' A 48. Protest meetings. N4 x" D4 T: q, h
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( D7 m7 S0 ?% V' M5 P+ F0 C 50. Teach-ins
+ A. g8 @! ^( i2 @9 W% j3 Y. M, ?: c$ y6 i5 \; W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
" i" e! m8 x3 ?9 A7 | 51. Walk-outs! j9 }. T# @8 {! ]5 b# _
52. Silence0 \1 G# T$ b# v% q$ X( ]
53. Renouncing honors
6 Z( G& o- F$ D ?) m, [ 54. Turning one’s back
8 Q" Q& f& O# s0 e1 J: X d: a. C
! ]5 H# a+ j3 m0 ~) V' _
. N$ L6 R1 E2 r5 OTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION: F7 }& L/ J+ f; S# e5 Z {
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$ ^2 D1 C) X$ l: z) GOstracism of Persons! g1 r& `( S9 z6 U
55. Social boycott, y; E3 l* O; f: Y
56. Selective social boycott( {& m; \5 ~3 ^4 {( k' x
57. Lysistratic nonaction
% {' G' i0 j6 f. u# N! L3 @3 V' H r 58. Excommunication
5 F* Y8 P m' P; p4 X1 A 59. Interdict. E$ A7 L0 y' @ V8 F, A/ a
, x. @1 @$ J3 s; m6 Q; m- k4 Q7 N
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
+ M$ W1 @- O" A% B4 f* b6 {. M) n! x 60. Suspension of social and sports activities, k6 E$ X3 b# J* A3 g+ p' p
61. Boycott of social affairs
9 {1 c# z5 C' ^; [5 U/ d7 {" g 62. Student strike
0 E8 \7 U2 o8 A8 Q& W1 D6 j0 W# q 63. Social disobedience2 E5 Z1 Y! z4 I' X* ? l2 `/ l
64. Withdrawal from social institutions
, \5 T# k& w. ]' T+ I1 M6 A8 v0 K2 Q5 E, {, z$ t7 c
Withdrawal from the Social System9 Y* h; |: H' b/ `! ]/ J
65. Stay-at-home1 ?( y! x6 O: t: F. \+ Y
66. Total personal noncooperation! r8 @$ m/ N* m# Z2 r/ t) B F
67. “Flight” of workers; F& f1 Q" n0 M6 @$ K) l! @
68. Sanctuary$ R) z, t' m F- k" W/ d
69. Collective disappearance
$ V1 g, t" u, q7 c& W1 M1 { 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
4 H" w+ R, K, U f3 H% S4 g$ c$ u5 {, U2 C2 x. x4 l M" u
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3 k8 E4 {- i' G. O; D D( hTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
l3 D; {* M" p; R/ Y( j2 z1 m3 U" ~1 q* U$ a: l& ~1 L
% b4 }9 B1 [% i7 aActions by Consumers
- @) C) D6 }3 n L 71. Consumers’ boycott- l, v! [# K( O9 a) f
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
' B, b3 h9 u) v/ l 73. Policy of austerity2 \$ A/ i% I( y! t; L7 t
74. Rent withholding* y$ A0 _# q: r) d
75. Refusal to rent5 F& j+ b2 p Y" H" F& A4 U
76. National consumers’ boycott7 J; X) r) l, K, D& e; v
77. International consumers’ boycott
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Action by Workers and Producers
( ~1 s; }# V" l' B: u Z 78. Workmen’s boycott% E% C1 e9 _6 w" k1 [8 O
79. Producers’ boycott6 C- d( w7 i/ e% w6 ]
4 t4 S' r" A( E7 h2 H8 A. k9 p- q9 A
Action by Middlemen
) W) t ~! y2 k 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
3 V8 S# l# d) H+ E1 ^$ E6 n- R0 \9 g8 w0 |
Action by Owners and Management, A! K& N. R) g! x
81. Traders’ boycott
4 Y5 u( g) P# |! {/ `) | 82. Refusal to let or sell property5 b+ a4 i, I+ Y6 t9 p
83. Lockout
4 \1 e$ V3 G3 }" {" T* U 84. Refusal of industrial assistance: N( |0 g) s4 M( _/ {' b
85. Merchants’ “general strike”5 E, B c4 X% ^% [4 v
0 K3 [0 @2 R5 E# }8 Q8 _ NAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) N' @3 [" e1 p. S" m5 a* W3 R 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 K( e+ Z, I f9 d 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments' @/ O3 s8 z. {- Q/ x
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest a0 X( L6 I+ h9 B- _+ q
89. Severance of funds and credit
2 `/ @( [- V* a8 o1 f" } 90. Revenue refusal+ n% y+ f- a8 x6 k! P
91. Refusal of a government’s money4 D1 f4 u, q4 g$ F0 ^8 _
& _8 F) L5 ~: Q- `) k5 UAction by Governments
. Q1 N% j0 I- k0 f 92. Domestic embargo
# e) ^+ x8 j9 e) m' _ 93. Blacklisting of traders! K- o- P8 I& G( d! C
94. International sellers’ embargo! b3 c/ F! y/ E* R. a. [: H
95. International buyers’ embargo
$ Q# R+ b ]3 t& t! r! U) }# ^ 96. International trade embargo
8 y( Q. P( H5 e7 A4 |$ v
2 {4 S& }* j: J
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE% S/ }, b- l6 ~+ `6 h
k1 R3 `8 P- |) D
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Symbolic Strikes& {3 ?. n' b( d0 E5 N
97. Protest strike- I1 e- w/ m" y2 f- x" f5 I6 m8 Q# Z
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 ^2 H3 b7 D' y- I9 H& s0 }' _0 H+ q' I3 o5 J/ g! c% a
Agricultural Strikes
% D3 {" P+ f- j$ |2 @, x) A 99. Peasant strike
, i& I& a4 s# W7 h2 e 100. Farm Workers’ strike# F6 O+ V- H. ~ E# c* S" G( u' R, w
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Strikes by Special Groups3 R+ B# O6 I, R6 p2 u: F
101. Refusal of impressed labor
* C& Z5 L c: }5 B8 y$ A0 R 102. Prisoners’ strike) D( d5 k, n& G0 F. `9 F
103. Craft strike
; `/ X( M, v) F i a 104. Professional strike
1 B! L5 v2 }( P* r' \5 B, }1 s/ R
Ordinary Industrial Strikes# [0 |. \1 T5 r R
105. Establishment strike
$ r2 u) y1 l2 _# ` 106. Industry strike
5 r8 _! O8 I2 C* ^3 o 107. Sympathetic strike
" h# c t) t3 V- g) I
% f4 v4 k: F8 y: ]" cRestricted Strikes
0 `: j+ _* Q1 e' z: G 108. Detailed strike# V6 ^2 Z* M+ _6 ~8 ^: z3 h
109. Bumper strike
# J" J# F/ u( q' n 110. Slowdown strike
2 T' r1 _$ s: H( s8 G/ a" W' z: A 111. Working-to-rule strike; [& ]8 w' u' h! G: q9 j+ Q
112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
& ]& b+ l4 M6 Y* o 113. Strike by resignation9 _* e3 P' O0 v0 W
114. Limited strike
5 n2 ~/ \- d2 A4 n E& G2 ] 115. Selective strike
! j$ n( r9 U# ]: \
1 K# X6 t3 f; p0 O# aMulti-Industry Strikes
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116. Generalized strike
& v/ {4 k6 u, R4 [2 o; H4 A# d, c* h5 j5 \. ^/ O: y
117. General strike) z1 Q" N. M& e( b# N
/ V) V( x0 E' h+ `. LCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures9 k8 j0 E) ]; D6 a" l8 j
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118. Hartal
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3 a* P4 }- T& y( ?0 a7 r6 r: J5 S 119. Economic shutdown
" Z7 R1 R! A: G3 n( A. |- s" p" l( h3 X/ M+ F# K1 j7 C
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9 B9 y9 r8 C+ s, u$ }0 ]& J: FTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ f1 S9 N( s+ _1 d
6 ]. U u" x+ k2 J 7 y7 @7 K$ Q+ ^7 T& d, T! Q
Rejection of Authority
# I' D2 m ~" I4 R 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
% o9 Y1 t4 p! ] 121. Refusal of public support
" R" z3 H: \0 b1 @6 q 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance, D: R' Q8 z4 [ e. y
5 C6 A, K+ P" t; ^
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government S3 ~" w* O8 x& E, W
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
; z3 l: H2 f/ |& T& U" | 124. Boycott of elections7 ?2 x3 c9 V6 n2 [0 B* B
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
' u: }4 T6 b# d& t1 p 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
3 ^8 }. o8 z* z8 e. B1 z. [) P 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
- Z* Y$ d" V2 P 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
- D8 z' N" S" j/ x 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
% b# [2 C- D9 v' Z9 j$ o 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks- }: A& |! o' Z% H8 B
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials, Z8 F) R5 | G
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
- x! E$ k, B4 q' e) |& k6 C% p$ k
* j( D/ n: V! \, O1 v. cCitizens’ Alternatives to Obedience2 v' ]& w8 S( K0 C2 b5 E0 X. e% [
133. Reluctant and slow compliance3 v5 W1 f' { u8 [0 J4 [+ A
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
3 V1 N% I3 v# X& e1 u& y 135. Popular nonobedience
' `( E |7 e) X+ B# S 136. Disguised disobedience
3 F0 T' v4 X: W3 |, K/ P1 [ 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
: j$ `; ] }4 @9 V4 B! s/ U 138. Sitdown$ e; {. q. f: Y9 _; i/ d p# t. X
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation; |$ h$ A- U9 r3 w
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
6 u% g- k1 o" r. R# I 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
' B9 Q4 ~% A( D/ O) L# x0 l
$ o' [. B6 e x+ b1 c! hAction by Government Personnel+ y: q4 T% `- B+ L( A2 l1 A. R+ K
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
! `% _9 E( R, G/ r2 | 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
6 I) e5 e+ h2 R3 x- D 144. Stalling and obstruction K- X3 Y- j$ n/ G) s: ] z
145. General administrative noncooperation
' ?; }+ g- _# O8 t, L' g3 t0 @; t" c6 x0 k4 O
146. Judicial noncooperation
) ]$ U2 Z9 @- w7 |6 P 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' m1 S- Q- }/ |! u 148. Mutiny- o; X0 n! `- `% Y7 k/ v! |
Domestic Governmental Action( ]! I: H' I1 c
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 U E( W, q2 i- j& W# q; E& U
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units2 o4 |9 u7 P6 U8 d
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International Governmental Action1 N/ b, |! R/ v6 e: |! s1 S! X2 I9 |
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations. j8 H8 z. p+ ?, F7 {% w7 U
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events( v- m( Z8 [7 q' s3 F; q
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition L8 Z" O0 Y( ^
154. Severance of diplomatic relations& B5 l( A% k0 P! l( V7 R
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( F9 J+ ]) F3 E' i& p( ^; k 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
+ ]6 }, k, M! y 157. Expulsion from international organizations% d& L8 N2 g! m/ H0 A
+ V' B" A1 V; U7 [7 L 7 `" A- P1 ]: Y6 {/ H
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION: ]. `; b8 `6 d6 X7 V1 H
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Psychological Intervention; V/ V0 c8 J2 Z- Z3 f5 p
158. Self-exposure to the elements+ C! k, I8 V% s, |
159. The fast
# T' v4 V) k( R$ ]$ K% d9 | a) Fast of moral pressure
M( H; e- ?9 r b) Hunger strike
$ E. K, v" R: R. \$ `. R" T c) Satyagrahic fast& i" Z' L. }# G! D1 H" N
160. Reverse trial+ J& L1 i$ I, ]8 { H
161. Nonviolent harassment
& ?6 Q5 k& g1 m; K4 V# p4 n0 |$ [5 V v8 I2 ^
Physical Intervention0 a A" S0 y/ U+ ]) d) |" T' c% L. }
162. Sit-in7 g5 d& I7 R% q4 V' T
163. Stand-in
" C3 P9 [+ e( f 164. Ride-in
$ M* c- E1 L- r! e5 O: q* G 165. Wade-in. n+ f6 {1 y/ c& O0 \) |2 W+ [5 g' |, n
166. Mill-in
" f, n' a, H+ p. n1 I) q) O 167. Pray-in% z2 K& x% o+ X0 f
168. Nonviolent raids
4 P2 R+ `- c3 {) ^; x# A 169. Nonviolent air raids7 I6 G' L+ x# W) k
170. Nonviolent invasion1 z/ Z% r! v. R7 l2 q2 G4 r
171. Nonviolent interjection
& ^8 O1 r- v1 o) k2 K 172. Nonviolent obstruction
9 S M7 u- C% b% O9 ]2 A( T- L4 d 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention
" w( I: v8 ]- E9 W( g! r3 |7 ?9 H 174. Establishing new social patterns# y7 [1 h9 G1 y5 r/ T1 u
175. Overloading of facilities* x+ Q' g! Q3 t
176. Stall-in; U" t% Q% [$ ?* ]
177. Speak-in( V; _( E5 n9 O2 D+ b
178. Guerrilla theater
h) Q, I& E% t' ` 179. Alternative social institutions" T4 t1 E$ U+ }: {) F
180. Alternative communication system5 K/ y6 r& `: G
5 @. o R, \" h: {
Economic Intervention
9 C& Z% j0 i( {/ r% g, V, B/ E 181. Reverse strike
6 H4 F/ Q, b' u F( E 182. Stay-in strike, z$ _- c/ D# K( O0 o
183. Nonviolent land seizure
1 K8 R8 |+ h: p9 D. a- E- e! H$ B 184. Defiance of blockades3 X) Q6 x$ R3 v8 C
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting6 w0 N) l7 }0 M3 U
186. Preclusive purchasing
! H+ u" _: p8 x) f2 d 187. Seizure of assets& Z8 V: p# S# f2 B
188. Dumping F% g* w! Q) D6 j
189. Selective patronage; B9 c$ |5 V' k T* I1 ]( s H
190. Alternative markets* q4 J* r+ P) j a8 D% N
191. Alternative transportation systems7 R0 c5 U0 V: t" H' D! N# r
192. Alternative economic institutions
0 x) H$ G+ Q$ e1 f5 o* n
/ t9 _0 u" K) }- [3 I' }4 TPolitical Intervention
5 x. W* @8 k2 @ 193. Overloading of administrative systems
9 i' d* ~- Y3 p: T 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
4 h- e& P, S$ p' k8 i! O1 U; c 195. Seeking imprisonment
, M( W) U. _9 s8 c' U 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws" {/ b5 P5 U, S
197. Work-on without collaboration
" T$ V( s1 W# ]. n/ H2 E 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) U, q, J/ C! G3 Z
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
