 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION3 `) C& d# h9 ^" E* K) W( F3 n$ D! d$ @; N8 U
Formal Statements8 Z: x7 \( B+ K7 r+ m
1. Public Speeches/ v& U) D% Z0 O+ g
2. Letters of opposition or support
/ [! x+ o1 y3 _5 Z% p+ c 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
; w* j9 i- z& y. [( S9 c 4. Signed public statements
. Z) O: d. P9 C8 n% ~0 ? 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( U$ X% o! h, Y2 [/ r 6. Group or mass petitions
* ], Y' s" @9 t4 o$ @8 y6 q" y" _% k) l# w- J8 ?$ B9 K: k
Communications with a Wider Audience
" L4 l6 g% s( V 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
" ~/ n) N6 u- u! d- Z9 | 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications' r- J* e; U2 P D+ ^4 [6 P' w- v
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books6 d, z4 m. L" S- _% w( B5 w
10. Newspapers and journals& f7 _7 S; }' b. c1 T1 p- h! f
11. Records, radio, and television' A6 f: e c( B U: f9 q8 J
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
& s# }9 T$ x7 T2 q4 V9 E% E3 F
/ @- x( A9 ]/ d9 `Group Representations
7 N( P7 o# k6 Z 13. Deputations
9 |2 i- U1 u& @( v \ 14. Mock awards
9 p- `( ~, j- e2 X' P/ j' ] 15. Group lobbying
5 A, ~$ |) D3 } 16. Picketing
$ ]+ K5 \% ^: ` V 17. Mock elections
# \5 p1 Y& y, r0 ]* d, f& ~7 l
) x. a! Q0 H0 vSymbolic Public Acts' i8 w2 k' }4 @9 \$ Q
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors5 E1 ~5 H5 w' c! _* Q* ?) F
19. Wearing of symbols" | @# O. @6 |$ X& E" j- E! @3 M2 u
20. Prayer and worship
0 l3 x5 C+ {4 D4 T' r 21. Delivering symbolic objects
7 }8 ^/ c) ?, w/ Y 22. Protest disrobings' P! \1 i& z( s3 q* ^" ^
23. Destruction of own property, d; }$ B4 T6 N% D0 U
24. Symbolic lights
) \" z# O9 s, j$ n$ A# d3 v3 W- Q 25. Displays of portraits
6 b- x4 h. s1 N- L! R. K; b& y1 W 26. Paint as protest$ |! Z: r. D$ m6 U: Z$ v) }
27. New signs and names6 k7 P5 N4 h5 I5 f% a
28. Symbolic sounds
# @% F9 O& `0 j4 e! o 29. Symbolic reclamations; z" I$ W- _1 w& r7 F8 l5 |( @
30. Rude gestures& H5 E) L# G$ _0 ?5 u% Y# C' i u
6 o% W- ]4 [8 V8 y9 z- W
Pressures on Individuals
% S" m5 o% y; ?- z: H; Y, l 31. “Haunting” officials
Y2 s' Z, \, M( a 32. Taunting officials
0 ^' y8 u" s9 g4 V7 Z7 f 33. Fraternization, w" |, M& z8 z$ Q( a
34. Vigils" ]0 S z2 f( ?; \& ]7 I
2 J+ t" {; _5 D$ Y0 bDrama and Music
. w" U* g" [- v 35. Humorous skits and pranks
5 B) W2 a# N9 H# f. S0 N2 T( X 36. Performances of plays and music
1 [9 u1 ^& A3 F& F 37. Singing# z$ T9 F7 P8 |4 L# q3 ~ g) q
: M- [% \8 w+ V6 UProcessions
* R6 d: F: ?+ ^% [ 38. Marches, u( ~, c C+ Z" e, _: s- u" `
39. Parades
1 p3 d- }3 V, I" Q1 A3 [7 c1 U/ \6 U 40. Religious processions
. v" S: `" A/ p0 n# l 41. Pilgrimages2 b6 T" E5 L6 R% {
42. Motorcades
+ p2 m* z- L5 t+ w0 X' j; I: R* s
4 S+ C, F$ W; U" p" r F W/ t! d% @Honoring the Dead2 }' v3 S G* m( O; o( [: \
43. Political mourning
: q" q% x5 E- w9 U 44. Mock funerals& b* L' p! S5 M8 p& C! {7 Z
45. Demonstrative funerals+ D4 |+ ]- ~9 j' e9 ^0 ]- F* A
46. Homage at burial places. u0 W6 b3 f% e4 x5 y* R
& J* M( w5 l1 ?) K6 r% n
Public Assemblies. t; w: T) |! I( y; `3 [! v
47. Assemblies of protest or support; h( r8 h. m7 r# W- y( z! O& d
48. Protest meetings
- N# c# H ?- b9 w- v- n0 m a/ S 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
( N* a$ @3 t: s5 s& w 50. Teach-ins
- a; l' |2 f# i2 h% f0 ~+ i0 \- U7 Q4 X$ p; N: d
Withdrawal and Renunciation
' Y4 m5 z" L+ T8 u" _8 J 51. Walk-outs0 r! d& ^) m8 |4 p0 i! e: h
52. Silence6 }% W/ b7 U, u9 u( T. ~
53. Renouncing honors
0 \1 f) ?8 i) J( R; f8 U 54. Turning one’s back
0 C/ w, D; @2 L* _9 N: H3 ]6 T3 U. T. T0 g' o
2 N) V* H3 i I7 ^
7 M- G2 k. f' O# @. BTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION7 P* a4 n, D: y' N
; r& a. U: G; B2 O; X$ x
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% @8 S# g7 Y7 g$ _. P R, v8 M
Ostracism of Persons
3 l; Q7 v8 l# c9 j 55. Social boycott9 o: g4 R$ c$ o2 a' W* ?% N4 B
56. Selective social boycott7 C/ |& c; _; @% x/ Z
57. Lysistratic nonaction3 j4 U* |' L, H) k
58. Excommunication
# s! ]4 |0 C2 R 59. Interdict) Q4 {9 Z* a$ Z! g
I; g3 L8 r& g7 z( BNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
. f# g: S3 C! X: d4 b, R 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
6 m/ b* C4 f+ R8 b 61. Boycott of social affairs! ]& k6 f( v7 d1 b0 O* L2 v: p
62. Student strike
+ o/ O* b2 P- N$ T n 63. Social disobedience
: ]: |/ k8 M# S& Z 64. Withdrawal from social institutions7 e- o0 z( ?- l. ?
7 v, i: h% k6 R. e7 F1 J
Withdrawal from the Social System
5 n! g- C5 j$ p+ W& ^) L 65. Stay-at-home
/ z; M. _# g. G+ l 66. Total personal noncooperation% b2 V4 C( P! e' }
67. “Flight” of workers9 s4 M) r+ z: K; Z4 `! K, ?; {
68. Sanctuary
) S3 O8 c+ A$ |$ A! G; \ 69. Collective disappearance
- u5 r3 u5 U! o2 R/ z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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r' m) n1 h5 S
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
0 h6 @' ?$ m% k9 J7 A- O: n$ K, H) |; Y2 D+ X& v2 }, y: [
2 P/ B- H) a2 o% c5 @Actions by Consumers
# R) l) I- Y- F6 N 71. Consumers’ boycott
' w' |$ O) O6 W 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods5 j" M- n" Y& ?
73. Policy of austerity
5 O% O9 k+ f0 f+ E" D: e 74. Rent withholding3 j4 C5 [6 ~! h8 K
75. Refusal to rent( ?; c# Y6 }: Y+ Y* c' x
76. National consumers’ boycott5 o* C# [* ^) i; E2 g
77. International consumers’ boycott* G8 Q4 J8 c+ E- e" d f K) r
9 _) Y. \, m6 _% e/ K: T
Action by Workers and Producers
/ Z9 E( l9 {' y 78. Workmen’s boycott3 A4 ~& `" u: H
79. Producers’ boycott# }+ P& C M+ }- ^1 S( b% u: D" s' ?. S
+ M; P" e9 l% j. u- A2 T/ |# f
Action by Middlemen
; L2 v5 o1 L5 S: j1 A" b 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
% x5 E7 ]$ A0 @ H( F# P- H" c" M/ k* Q& Q
( K- ~* q+ A2 R" Q7 Y# mAction by Owners and Management
+ }+ h3 r) n( j& Z* } 81. Traders’ boycott( V, q6 v5 ^6 w9 Y: N" `
82. Refusal to let or sell property
4 q" Y( [, z' p f5 q- Y6 Z1 M. l; o 83. Lockout
' K; O3 j" j$ e3 j! |; \$ \ 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
5 t$ H2 _; r) z* R% C0 p, K0 K$ P 85. Merchants’ “general strike”1 y4 o! u5 b3 j1 }$ x! Q0 W
, ?4 X" r5 a( T( x$ ^Action by Holders of Financial Resources, j3 D) c% l8 u4 {* ~/ H
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! d" `/ F) Z- X. F; p+ H+ y 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments; Q- x& X2 ^$ l' T( d* K
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest* d1 \! w% w8 C9 T# Y0 |; _2 q/ q
89. Severance of funds and credit* a% y" F8 j) q1 ^6 @
90. Revenue refusal& _( D: i2 E- [# Z
91. Refusal of a government’s money( v0 b( i; Y6 x
& G+ j8 z3 i1 u0 G2 {0 g
Action by Governments9 l. b* D: E- U, t
92. Domestic embargo
0 r2 T8 t9 N% w; | 93. Blacklisting of traders9 K# G, ~8 h( O2 |" H
94. International sellers’ embargo+ r$ y+ H; L8 V+ A3 k$ ~
95. International buyers’ embargo4 Z' C( F0 E4 N# d$ @7 R6 Q* e) ?
96. International trade embargo
( N+ d! k/ B8 S2 a% d' d3 c: s1 z4 q& k T! P: S! _
! p) E$ G7 g8 S4 {, M3 i* e+ c# F5 y, F( i* y
THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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! w# f$ R) E; n' W2 W' eSymbolic Strikes- O& u1 @) {+ _3 i% h. x* N: q
97. Protest strike
( Y3 @& M+ B! D b- W6 [" c. } 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)9 n5 O( z3 d- ~: b3 Y7 S
3 ^7 g1 S0 \0 W1 q$ r
Agricultural Strikes) l, R+ G3 N6 e% _* Q' {$ l
99. Peasant strike
- v7 e1 L& n8 b; a- A9 c1 c 100. Farm Workers’ strike- E8 A# u0 y& ~+ @
% U0 R! x5 ~6 f8 QStrikes by Special Groups
: S) y5 l; h4 T+ H 101. Refusal of impressed labor+ P# {$ d5 C: l( Y/ b9 G G5 r, Z
102. Prisoners’ strike* q1 l7 H S" M Y! X& _
103. Craft strike& O/ e& a( p8 s2 q8 Z/ M
104. Professional strike+ w9 J w- b* W+ y! u$ m% h- d
9 y2 W. W( F3 l5 H8 gOrdinary Industrial Strikes1 H: j2 }3 P% q1 D4 e! k
105. Establishment strike4 K4 G+ Q1 F# u2 Y7 d$ J
106. Industry strike* `) z4 ?% ]* L
107. Sympathetic strike
! g/ Y$ [/ B& _, V# U! B; b
9 s# U% m* n5 m( O! H; QRestricted Strikes; W- i! X1 S' O; U0 `
108. Detailed strike
! k9 s4 [% k$ H9 \+ C* Q' F 109. Bumper strike) k) n: u- N0 g0 J
110. Slowdown strike* s0 H: r) |' F g; P
111. Working-to-rule strike
5 }# M2 d/ e0 T0 ^4 X 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)$ v ^: z7 ^/ W- w; U/ X1 I
113. Strike by resignation
5 y. _8 _. s$ f* w2 i5 {! j8 h 114. Limited strike
& z2 `7 ~* w b: e" X 115. Selective strike! A5 u# m% i4 A
5 N) i/ h' w" j$ `% KMulti-Industry Strikes% h0 g4 f. e" a1 r9 O
6 l0 _2 P& G' G: [% h
116. Generalized strike
9 r& d; t- r' L0 Q% T+ ?* `. B( h d* B
117. General strike/ b7 L1 E6 S/ Y S) {8 q: a% K
; q+ z3 p1 o& q, m, ]" E7 C0 YCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
( }; ^" p( y, K2 M. r% a3 b: r$ E& K) v' `3 D8 U, v$ K
118. Hartal
+ v& b. h6 t4 z; d& n8 N/ M- w7 s
+ J% @1 K2 r9 f4 j# t# @ 119. Economic shutdown( n: P0 `2 L3 _# p' u
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION1 y% v/ b& \+ P v* L% U
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8 P; P5 y6 N. c7 T" g; hRejection of Authority0 D( P9 j* Z% A) ~$ F( r. A- A
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance, O5 q# p u1 z4 }* b# q
121. Refusal of public support3 N6 ?) ?" A4 \$ L
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance! a1 R; ^+ Y% L. S
# J, ?2 H; {9 m
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government) ?3 a7 u ?$ A1 O
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
5 T @; G2 S! \% C 124. Boycott of elections
) q3 K0 f' u) ^$ G! D 125. Boycott of government employment and positions
/ O# h) l2 J9 W3 s 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies* ]: k4 p. J* g- g1 R) _$ @
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
4 p5 J/ B/ I- I4 T+ B: W 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
% _3 f0 U: n8 M" Y9 b2 f: I3 ] 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
7 i, d7 E# T# }# g3 U# r! A 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
: l% |' ^7 r2 q- u: }* x 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials& O5 |) S& w) ^3 ~! Y8 t! A
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
3 |' t- w7 A7 [ g: V$ o O! ]. x ^* D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
, @ d+ Y( C- R 133. Reluctant and slow compliance
: V$ M& ^# K2 T5 J6 V 134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision! o4 q% N9 ^6 [4 J: o% p
135. Popular nonobedience
! s, T& x6 g+ u9 y# n1 r1 S 136. Disguised disobedience0 m- I% A& i) i* ~: B
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse# `. K7 K6 M7 j, o0 q+ Y+ a0 o" \
138. Sitdown
8 }6 y* D6 w+ p0 }2 H% i 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation |9 I3 k! Z0 \/ a! {( c/ W8 h
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
% K6 f y L7 I& n7 R3 a' A 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws8 s( z4 _) R6 p9 x5 l1 ]
) s% l2 G l: M6 c& `Action by Government Personnel
( D+ w* M' q6 [! b( K2 k 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
* w7 z. Q7 o% d- w, U0 B 143. Blocking of lines of command and information2 y9 W+ `) q2 i9 x0 o
144. Stalling and obstruction2 g! _: A7 G# r8 _1 U
145. General administrative noncooperation
! h' l0 g0 \. g1 \9 l" ] K! P9 F; {
& B* g- M! B* G2 Y 146. Judicial noncooperation. \9 M+ q, W5 C
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
( }9 t1 M3 y; M' z& b _4 c7 b 148. Mutiny* ^9 Z% W7 @( Z- ]8 A
Domestic Governmental Action d- I( q2 E, ^" ]
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays7 ^ R+ e- j; f
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
- G) K% j& ]8 D, i) f
) P8 x1 J9 c. \0 b% ]International Governmental Action
4 t& w. w) ` Y. W 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations+ \. d, E, p, h, O
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ h- K- k3 ]+ u. S 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition* g: r3 `3 s$ Q) [0 B" D4 O
154. Severance of diplomatic relations7 e, r$ X+ A. J! ~; o
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
% _8 L6 S9 p6 h$ U 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
6 ]& N# W: i. H# e1 e& ?/ M3 x 157. Expulsion from international organizations8 N! t B' g$ o" u/ H' Z0 Z
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7 i& B6 Q" w6 X+ I+ H2 z; N4 K- @THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION5 C5 U( G( b' `" j
; g% k+ \! I- M2 O: @1 i
$ V8 F7 _, c+ V1 [1 B4 |0 PPsychological Intervention
& k# D" |7 K" g7 c 158. Self-exposure to the elements7 L0 }- b5 v1 A5 \$ Z
159. The fast
. o9 Y3 J J2 \) m+ V3 g# [7 C3 k+ o a) Fast of moral pressure
$ F9 |9 W" ]$ ?/ Q0 b" S9 | b) Hunger strike
L5 y% c/ b" i% s% Y" c0 m c) Satyagrahic fast
5 \% [ O" h/ o4 g5 E. B. C 160. Reverse trial
- T& n$ L* c. W4 d6 Q 161. Nonviolent harassment
) }$ g0 c) Q4 I- D& r9 q. e, y6 Z. E! P" l7 m3 K. Z3 f
Physical Intervention
0 }* @6 Y$ H4 t# F+ h; E 162. Sit-in: A# c P( d" k5 E# y
163. Stand-in7 N6 Z# V8 V5 a9 t& o4 s" z* L) M
164. Ride-in& p- Y0 ^! ^, F' Y
165. Wade-in6 {' e+ R" d. K f; G
166. Mill-in
% L6 W" A3 L( s& k- u 167. Pray-in a6 Q& v8 s& I2 q
168. Nonviolent raids9 V' l6 L# A }
169. Nonviolent air raids
- y3 i* t' j7 a4 {; L# r' ^ 170. Nonviolent invasion
: N @: o3 N2 p! N 171. Nonviolent interjection
: W0 U( o6 c( X' j6 I6 ` 172. Nonviolent obstruction2 i. E! F) m! u0 @
173. Nonviolent occupation# u! C' {5 r; C& A
" B1 A: f5 J2 D4 R
Social Intervention
6 w6 f% @; j( I2 n% [ 174. Establishing new social patterns
6 s' }5 D# U+ V" H4 ? 175. Overloading of facilities& l0 E' y8 @/ X. e& Y
176. Stall-in
* L& T& E O6 c2 U% Z; g7 S 177. Speak-in5 O3 D* U4 K! l" b7 B
178. Guerrilla theater
! Z% e$ X+ ?; _$ s6 k" z 179. Alternative social institutions
4 b9 t0 G2 p) D* ?" u5 w 180. Alternative communication system
" h; _ I" g3 e. B$ X6 y, s" ^8 m! d% n" i/ A( Y
Economic Intervention
; M. d) i4 m2 A, R+ C3 u, C 181. Reverse strike
, Q5 y/ u' u. h1 M ^. l+ z5 J 182. Stay-in strike. s6 }; x' b0 j: A" ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure, R6 E& f* s ~) {( R7 v7 t- T. Z
184. Defiance of blockades+ D% A* W/ \+ w6 z$ s. }
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting: J/ W6 T" l0 L- P( w# a) ~+ I% S' S( ^
186. Preclusive purchasing
1 H! ]2 @; a x: j 187. Seizure of assets
7 Z9 t9 E) ^: e 188. Dumping# N E6 j) [( ?, [
189. Selective patronage
F9 S9 J" a3 L5 E5 z% f3 {5 G8 o 190. Alternative markets
0 t! |, ^) o9 g; U7 t8 x& q: h 191. Alternative transportation systems
6 x, B5 L, V- H% J8 h 192. Alternative economic institutions3 B; [% I5 q! Y. n1 C
. R5 e4 |+ v, K& B8 K5 ZPolitical Intervention
- \9 D% [/ g; a) Q4 m 193. Overloading of administrative systems
8 y2 d) L. K! Z5 i/ |4 R; a 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents4 n* }) f, j0 @# q# v- l
195. Seeking imprisonment
1 E0 z/ r7 l1 A0 ` 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws% C+ J# D) G; } \7 n( P5 c- A
197. Work-on without collaboration
0 `5 J5 M1 }4 J$ x 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
* _/ G4 T7 D {; r- o7 R( x
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
