 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION
( q" e; Z- [' f$ a. q% oFormal Statements
7 I1 |1 v$ ?8 T$ } 1. Public Speeches
; `, e1 ~2 w' h' } U 2. Letters of opposition or support
* _3 z5 q) V& ]% w3 h! r 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
. Y: G8 T" I1 r; K$ G" N6 l6 n" V+ _5 h; s 4. Signed public statements
# c; J0 B A5 D: R: |8 H# ~& Q- v 5. Declarations of indictment and intention! F( K. [, a! i. P+ u
6. Group or mass petitions
' M* |. g! u( d; X- t7 {/ W+ u6 u# C, F0 v7 K
Communications with a Wider Audience
5 J& e3 U) O9 L- T' G) S 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols1 y/ z! o) V5 h, X# |% D7 k
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications( |# p" z8 t7 y% X& K3 K3 P
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books4 N% y( F w1 G
10. Newspapers and journals
+ m+ {- w( F. ?& m: o 11. Records, radio, and television
( b" U U: o7 {7 e" q$ l 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
5 l9 u2 ^7 X/ l& }+ {7 b- r+ |. \
7 y+ L9 s# o: f4 v, yGroup Representations' j" f8 C! I( E4 ~; d7 ~* m
13. Deputations2 Q" U9 e$ j5 m* ^0 N( o5 D8 U1 \
14. Mock awards$ H2 |, k' T1 L4 `; N1 d& S( C. z
15. Group lobbying2 S; S1 O& g' Y( p5 ?$ F# h
16. Picketing2 J; X6 i$ Z2 v1 i) U6 [
17. Mock elections* O6 P. `! O J2 g- Z- G
" G) `: B: \ U* z3 l0 p! m$ z- A) C
Symbolic Public Acts
/ A' N7 M( m3 U! X 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors( ?+ I8 [1 b% ]4 G3 X0 I
19. Wearing of symbols. D1 ? `+ G! ^7 X
20. Prayer and worship
. b. I( i2 ?$ C 21. Delivering symbolic objects
: U' F5 q! W- F( j2 W2 T- i( N 22. Protest disrobings
% i ]& ~1 h2 @1 o' C 23. Destruction of own property
3 k6 b5 D# p" o) F* [% g 24. Symbolic lights) W; j% {( r$ U8 H, \6 a' v
25. Displays of portraits3 s* J6 q0 d1 y; W/ A
26. Paint as protest/ @* ]% ^3 v, q, f
27. New signs and names
: p& V3 U& v; j* g& ~4 M' } 28. Symbolic sounds
. ]5 f" H% ^2 J 29. Symbolic reclamations2 b# B. r& P1 P' s2 t0 y
30. Rude gestures
. I7 l" }/ ?% T! V4 G7 I4 |5 s% g3 {* h9 g& s# G3 w* [
Pressures on Individuals
8 G7 S: `4 C: {; s 31. “Haunting” officials e {" z. P. R* v/ A
32. Taunting officials
# l% i y N0 m# A! U 33. Fraternization9 ?! r' P0 W7 T- p& Y# o4 w; r; I
34. Vigils
1 ^# k6 d6 E4 |; S- ^1 ?3 r. }1 F" g# n$ Y, }9 f
Drama and Music; }& z4 W6 M. [) M. U& Y% i
35. Humorous skits and pranks
2 L# |: d/ z( a, r 36. Performances of plays and music
8 o# n, s# `: `/ U' N0 I8 V 37. Singing
: ^1 r$ A4 t' d& Z4 k
9 I9 T7 u, H; C4 fProcessions
, \$ V( e0 o3 B6 O- J 38. Marches& o/ v% i2 l2 e% P1 t# D
39. Parades
# Y, F- r5 G9 W: `$ i+ B4 } 40. Religious processions' [" x; ^6 v0 }" _6 ?* E+ C
41. Pilgrimages2 b8 c3 y) I7 T' }" H! \: \( W
42. Motorcades
4 J: K2 J8 @, q& ^7 L" v0 B- {# p- h- j% I4 r+ o
Honoring the Dead* q6 x: `. P& K/ |7 z" M
43. Political mourning
- k2 C& w: h; V' }0 } 44. Mock funerals
8 e% p$ O! ]8 k 45. Demonstrative funerals/ ^8 u( Z. Z8 t( L0 ?! X2 ?
46. Homage at burial places+ Q: C; {* j( t' q& J6 p$ }
9 T3 V. Z' u7 j
Public Assemblies
8 K# K O0 X" l- n 47. Assemblies of protest or support: U' M8 d0 \1 k+ u. |! }
48. Protest meetings
% x4 m& |! H6 t( ^, } 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
5 f, e4 s% G: t5 G; e+ C, q" g 50. Teach-ins7 `7 Z1 D5 {2 U; b" ]' h
( ~+ z; b3 a8 {Withdrawal and Renunciation1 [% o" o# `* n$ c: h. s1 V: W( r
51. Walk-outs8 w8 |9 H& s* [: T( p- ?" y
52. Silence
' I0 n& v! d9 ?' t 53. Renouncing honors
4 j. E! h2 `9 a, S& r 54. Turning one’s back( r+ H6 {5 F2 D. O$ j- s. Q5 q
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THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION6 n0 [, G, V- b, u2 p1 b
8 L. l1 q9 M+ F! T: t$ k7 i' \ ) m5 o; V+ E' V" R
8 ^; R. j, H& N& ]0 l$ z
Ostracism of Persons8 M; T5 t: x8 Z4 r. g
55. Social boycott1 b e M7 S% S7 S' }
56. Selective social boycott! H% G2 p: h L5 a' j
57. Lysistratic nonaction
+ b+ K* f4 ^" ]% S! f% C I 58. Excommunication
/ m# r9 {. o+ d4 J& ~ 59. Interdict
( `0 h- p4 r l6 m6 X
; D( M: _! ~/ f4 _* f* P( ANoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions1 t) _$ X- @7 T. _0 X
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
! C. d) M/ S7 i5 O 61. Boycott of social affairs2 W/ ~! ~; T `/ H
62. Student strike
9 Y3 i% }2 @3 G' m# j* a ^ 63. Social disobedience
/ S3 i- C/ X" W4 p. B. U 64. Withdrawal from social institutions0 ?' y) y6 O. A3 [2 H& l8 l6 f* b ^
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Withdrawal from the Social System
; M- T# H8 q. P- R. \ 65. Stay-at-home
. [2 p) W* }' @# A+ R9 ~ 66. Total personal noncooperation9 b2 s ~0 c/ c$ f
67. “Flight” of workers$ E( G7 n& D3 s1 k- Z
68. Sanctuary+ O3 f$ }! V, E1 D% q! Y5 ^! |
69. Collective disappearance
- B" k4 t. N: X1 w. t& g l+ o5 Z 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS S2 B1 [% F3 d/ B6 O" P
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Actions by Consumers' ?# E8 `% g1 B% j# b x- y8 t
71. Consumers’ boycott8 ]$ R6 [) O) Y/ e8 C
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
/ ?" L2 I9 d( X g3 ~# q+ E 73. Policy of austerity
3 |! @% d6 v; p9 E 74. Rent withholding4 @; u4 E- O% M2 r% S9 V' { x
75. Refusal to rent6 Y- G4 e& @0 l8 A, C0 H
76. National consumers’ boycott1 X. V9 B1 l* \5 T" q2 `
77. International consumers’ boycott
) c1 R. W0 ?9 t- l7 p! h7 X: b4 o4 z8 T2 B& \$ x
Action by Workers and Producers$ D* M: O1 l- T
78. Workmen’s boycott
" K6 d, |9 M# L& _' f 79. Producers’ boycott
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Action by Middlemen% j+ M+ f3 t' t Y
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management! f# r. ]" S$ _6 n8 f9 { v
81. Traders’ boycott$ X- u: P7 [; J; j6 \, P. K$ D
82. Refusal to let or sell property
) E: X7 I) k3 z5 y) N1 K" e 83. Lockout
0 {' b, l* y( h$ o. p 84. Refusal of industrial assistance
4 n; n0 `: t8 w 85. Merchants’ “general strike”% D4 y! N+ G+ s7 r& e- ?
* E! f! `: n/ T$ d0 n0 f. GAction by Holders of Financial Resources
3 a- b8 M; ]" g2 M 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
+ b0 V1 `! m6 e+ y4 o 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments4 Y- u1 m5 V9 F h" y8 p
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest' ?% `3 a0 u9 \2 W+ y4 p# |
89. Severance of funds and credit
' S" A& w+ ^/ ?# O! g 90. Revenue refusal* W7 U6 @. E+ m
91. Refusal of a government’s money
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1 B/ L' v: ~" _* H" ?) rAction by Governments8 H) w- F. G& S8 z0 g
92. Domestic embargo# i' F4 j2 T" F& p$ l
93. Blacklisting of traders- ?' l" F$ {+ a# g4 e) _; s
94. International sellers’ embargo
- E; e+ Y7 X) p% O- } 95. International buyers’ embargo
2 ?% k6 O2 x/ { 96. International trade embargo
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE: x. u0 ]3 u! [
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. `/ F# |; l: z; r9 X) d- RSymbolic Strikes/ L! p l1 \3 i9 M+ N6 }
97. Protest strike
) R! c; l1 f; x% Y* y 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
5 Q. V8 N! [( z; l1 H
# D: F4 Q9 }$ TAgricultural Strikes
) J; Q! w: k5 |5 A 99. Peasant strike& Z2 b! u+ x; J+ }# a5 a
100. Farm Workers’ strike4 ?3 V" [/ ~( \3 x( V; f7 \
/ Z! S6 X) T% _1 A" OStrikes by Special Groups
* q7 g, R P4 d* j6 V 101. Refusal of impressed labor7 i; s n& a% l+ T& a0 Q. ]4 r
102. Prisoners’ strike
( l" Y) L/ I# P- ?! Y0 |/ F/ f 103. Craft strike% P% d. E: R6 v: t8 m
104. Professional strike
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' z' y j8 x/ g; D! z W0 ^0 @# kOrdinary Industrial Strikes
) x( H% N1 C! D" J 105. Establishment strike
9 F" S4 D0 ]0 v9 ~ 106. Industry strike
: z1 \( l( R' R* g5 O# H' \& C( { 107. Sympathetic strike
& _* _$ G. m. d* a" |9 g, J+ D* y, E
Restricted Strikes
9 r% h# \ |7 E( x 108. Detailed strike
1 H: c, R% o8 @8 e9 C7 _ 109. Bumper strike; [8 o3 K# A8 R) Q
110. Slowdown strike
0 e4 }1 P# d3 a/ a6 Y8 g; O$ W 111. Working-to-rule strike
8 v: X, ^" `6 `& T, z 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)7 O7 j: A% r- t. Z* K* s+ z
113. Strike by resignation' u' i* G" [* f: z1 F/ o+ V" N
114. Limited strike
" F3 ]. {/ Y/ E% K4 g 115. Selective strike
$ `0 P, t( d8 D
9 b! r* b: Z. H" a$ ], eMulti-Industry Strikes* j$ N6 i' l6 B6 y0 @
3 F6 f. N/ ~* M7 Z; c, \# H% L
116. Generalized strike8 ~1 a2 W: \) s( R) K
5 ~' z. Y! w; m# Z* F& k. ?
117. General strike
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Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
% R- H q4 i6 ?2 t9 ]7 s K; y) r% U
k" `/ k+ `" b1 }/ n 118. Hartal
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% y' ]& [' Z& ~7 } w! o' I, } 119. Economic shutdown( s! v% L& B6 L6 W# u
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION# g; X- U8 q! f$ r
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Rejection of Authority
4 i2 C3 s+ a* X2 I" ^+ K7 `- }8 I 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
& h. `" S! W6 |, r 121. Refusal of public support! b" d1 L# j9 a- V$ A% \$ b/ s. S
122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
/ y/ \1 ~1 z6 W" \3 K0 q5 R
a5 w: i4 N/ p$ U7 O) MCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government" i* y, V2 k4 D) V f& f' B8 @
123. Boycott of legislative bodies/ A# X2 m6 Y+ b9 |: ^0 v$ H" j
124. Boycott of elections) F5 q1 }+ S4 w( b
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
: X7 C% ^- _0 g, r+ ~ 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies! o4 t' J/ N. D9 R, I
127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions- Z; q( D* i* W: `; h
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations" S: M" T( I/ D" Y6 g7 O% K
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents+ b1 ]# p" e. w2 Z; ^+ o! A# t2 ^
130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
0 A! B a5 G9 E) ~# U 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials+ {/ v n7 Y4 K! Q5 \) n( g
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions4 S' G; ?" b. N# W2 ~% |
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Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience& `/ U$ f! X" q- h9 ?) W5 D
133. Reluctant and slow compliance0 g, v7 P. F# ^: y! q! I3 v# G
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
5 w; b1 ]6 a: @ 135. Popular nonobedience8 y* n# o( w+ {
136. Disguised disobedience
, ^* q* U& V3 D! x+ m; Q) S 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse$ P3 F) h# R# S* K; I
138. Sitdown' }: V3 ]+ T4 @5 V+ s* t5 H
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( Q7 c. Q( z. T
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities- F$ o- v4 ?; i1 g6 C
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
) c0 m, q8 x) {& h% a8 O! M; |5 v
2 C9 R) T y5 W6 R0 K! Y: ]Action by Government Personnel4 l; \+ U! R/ y3 Q4 b/ O+ {
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides3 p6 _2 W9 F' j; ~ h a
143. Blocking of lines of command and information$ {/ f6 R8 ^: _) z4 N2 i) I
144. Stalling and obstruction
2 h6 f& g P& H# {6 L 145. General administrative noncooperation: p5 c% O" I+ z7 U! a/ Y
) H- {6 T) v+ ]! T [5 B 146. Judicial noncooperation
9 ~8 h0 s% l( E# e3 e) C+ A# F 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents
' e& H1 P4 Z9 n& L- X 148. Mutiny
' L* F% d. H" n8 Q& O( w j3 {- ?Domestic Governmental Action
# a2 U4 A2 J4 D3 D* D" f0 P' a# o 149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
. o" z: ^* [' R+ I# r/ L 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action" Q! C5 ~. e* B& q! }' S6 j- S
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
/ c: w5 Z% Z; f' @4 y& L8 v3 T 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
$ g/ l8 K7 _# v, z* j+ ^2 z0 s* x- e 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
5 `" Y! d" p F8 Q. N" c 154. Severance of diplomatic relations) E. t+ U/ m" M# g
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
( Z1 ?9 O" J! C6 V+ j/ v# r 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies, H$ [1 b# P, M( O/ T9 Y/ z
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION$ ~: q( E8 L* _! h
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5 u: E( e; O2 BPsychological Intervention
8 J- q- Q6 u5 \ |( x 158. Self-exposure to the elements
2 k( T; j+ I8 [! R9 d 159. The fast: L3 \0 e' r: S8 ~
a) Fast of moral pressure
3 z, p+ x8 h4 r b) Hunger strike
/ h/ _2 l' h1 q4 X0 l( C3 P c) Satyagrahic fast
; g* I1 k! w% O" {+ ?4 J( ]* ] 160. Reverse trial8 G4 f c2 _, z. x- `+ W# \; x
161. Nonviolent harassment
6 ~% k" m, _8 I; t( ~( ^/ s% E. L* k# \: s8 C2 u$ b
Physical Intervention
8 L: k5 m' L# F. y; U' \ 162. Sit-in
0 s: d/ b* Y( `8 v2 l3 p' _+ {9 q* ^ 163. Stand-in
8 w; I f1 l3 {& o 164. Ride-in9 J4 \# J$ e9 P
165. Wade-in$ j1 _' v* ~9 ` U
166. Mill-in5 f0 [$ o5 |1 v; @- v
167. Pray-in
T4 P7 D4 ]# c( F$ s 168. Nonviolent raids: _' \, q; I5 a) R5 ^6 V2 O4 K
169. Nonviolent air raids
9 Z% D+ f" u9 N9 Y1 C4 q 170. Nonviolent invasion% s& i: l z# _- u
171. Nonviolent interjection' G6 d; u! C7 t/ |" C( ^
172. Nonviolent obstruction
' r) v1 W# ]" ] 173. Nonviolent occupation
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Social Intervention5 |6 O8 G3 w& E! p, A! C
174. Establishing new social patterns+ A% b5 k. L/ P! [9 f5 {, M( e
175. Overloading of facilities3 z7 M# X4 f& k+ r/ l' D7 f! C
176. Stall-in, @7 `2 v) m* N& @( ^1 q
177. Speak-in
6 b9 ?6 O. N, g$ X 178. Guerrilla theater
3 o. P% `% v' s' ~3 s 179. Alternative social institutions
5 z5 d# F9 _* i7 _% M 180. Alternative communication system* ^# V& \4 p) U: x: |# `
9 e4 v! h& F6 H( H+ q3 f5 e- x9 AEconomic Intervention. D9 a6 l2 w' c( w& w
181. Reverse strike2 F# n! }) l3 v6 {7 p; _+ g) C N) x
182. Stay-in strike ~7 i1 a6 |7 t0 N5 p- r
183. Nonviolent land seizure$ a+ `* ]. g" l5 a# O
184. Defiance of blockades' T+ B) W3 M& c1 H
185. Politically motivated counterfeiting4 s0 a; _4 j9 h! ~. R* | N
186. Preclusive purchasing
, Q+ m' \8 i; R1 F- p3 H 187. Seizure of assets. k: m% d* v! e' C
188. Dumping
0 f, Z) Y' i' w. U( }+ E" { 189. Selective patronage
, Z0 O7 [- f% r1 n 190. Alternative markets: }# S- _5 k! b+ h% u
191. Alternative transportation systems; r$ s' [' g8 c3 _0 t" g' o+ V9 r+ k m$ J
192. Alternative economic institutions
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# w" g" ]0 [% h# G( @, S7 b% HPolitical Intervention
. L# t6 B) G' |" g 193. Overloading of administrative systems2 P% {0 I# a2 { @
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents- c8 `% V( f' B
195. Seeking imprisonment/ F. j4 k; w9 }0 g4 e- b H9 P1 x7 \
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
- a8 Z- N0 q7 A# H 197. Work-on without collaboration, z6 y: C( C3 _5 p
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
