 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION& Z+ f7 ]+ a1 W' Q# a$ N+ ]
Formal Statements
( \1 ?7 ~5 w# k6 j/ A 1. Public Speeches
, V1 X; d4 b& [" L 2. Letters of opposition or support" ?- B5 Q9 ~# Q: T
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
& }! x& w/ a2 t( c/ f7 ?- O 4. Signed public statements0 o5 h/ r# B1 ]" T' c
5. Declarations of indictment and intention
( h4 { p: W# P3 [% l P; J- j 6. Group or mass petitions
, r5 ?5 J5 a; W3 @5 P% B! m# Y. p N* k7 Q9 @
Communications with a Wider Audience& H4 u5 T- f6 X1 ?
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols- [7 I! K" Z( E2 J. G! e4 y
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications7 l; s: n$ `& {# F/ _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
0 I2 S& _% B! X9 a: U0 ^5 M 10. Newspapers and journals9 Z4 Z* M& o% F( B2 _/ X0 l6 n
11. Records, radio, and television: i" V8 v1 i! v
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
; t0 W% e! Y- a( ^: `6 w! V, M
* q. |5 [+ c8 {/ [! J) \Group Representations- |2 A' G o4 j6 {. c r
13. Deputations
$ C$ ^9 d# L% y: m8 L' B# s 14. Mock awards9 G7 j7 o$ E$ Q+ J( f; O% O
15. Group lobbying5 E6 F$ j, [4 r+ i* v+ H8 |
16. Picketing
! J7 p+ R4 U/ E: z2 D 17. Mock elections
( t9 Q/ \% o) h+ Z/ g& T* y
7 Q5 [3 d* v" S; dSymbolic Public Acts' C+ H8 H/ [" D; l6 V/ L, N
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors
4 M3 V6 E: ~1 d 19. Wearing of symbols
; e. R* k! i! v6 I, r 20. Prayer and worship
8 h @7 ~. Q- ]1 I7 ?$ ` 21. Delivering symbolic objects, a7 c5 d8 U6 C8 F
22. Protest disrobings- Z$ V: b0 j. ]( V1 g6 ^
23. Destruction of own property: O$ N* k# T- ~$ r
24. Symbolic lights3 z3 X5 t5 A9 J8 B1 @
25. Displays of portraits; T) ^* `0 N6 S K6 `; p& w Z- U7 }
26. Paint as protest
# y6 ?+ k. `, w0 {1 j 27. New signs and names
& G8 s7 l6 e# X# \$ } 28. Symbolic sounds7 Y. z2 P7 w r. u E: ]
29. Symbolic reclamations
Q3 R/ ~8 O1 r* p( x2 P, \ 30. Rude gestures0 Z% A% v V& T! _* T9 D" x. q; L7 l
$ B9 X- T) M; ]: p6 k
Pressures on Individuals
1 K" B- I' i2 H1 a; f8 `3 V* ~ 31. “Haunting” officials5 m k% [" ^+ l; b$ h
32. Taunting officials
. Z! e3 c1 Q, k8 z, w3 I' I 33. Fraternization! N! D) _4 d7 X3 B! J
34. Vigils( L6 r/ }7 W s1 Q' k% v
1 H+ v$ D7 x( c RDrama and Music
3 e1 S% V) K C0 L9 H" `- u5 R 35. Humorous skits and pranks" W6 _6 M1 y0 Y. {7 c
36. Performances of plays and music! ]3 }# k. `+ i2 v" k
37. Singing
& x5 Y# ?6 {! S v9 O- H4 _. P& O, C3 _3 w
Processions! L3 R- `" m) H
38. Marches
( h0 m9 e; v/ L 39. Parades
. e9 m% [! J$ X5 }4 S+ n 40. Religious processions) V8 B9 q5 j( A: W
41. Pilgrimages6 c& x: B) n I+ v
42. Motorcades. V- l0 U1 ? G
y0 B. y2 i4 p1 t0 {& f
Honoring the Dead. D' w5 t5 s. n" W5 L
43. Political mourning
3 O- X+ U6 v2 p/ ~7 B# q% j! B 44. Mock funerals
6 E% X+ x. Q+ k; ]2 a3 D s 45. Demonstrative funerals2 ?5 B7 a+ n* z
46. Homage at burial places4 x& s6 y2 a1 C9 E) s9 c1 o
N" N0 ]/ }# i+ q7 t
Public Assemblies$ ?3 ?- l# t2 d4 f# e
47. Assemblies of protest or support
2 k2 V3 v; ^/ S$ O O3 ^ 48. Protest meetings
4 t0 g( B/ ~5 o$ \ 49. Camouflaged meetings of protest1 T4 l6 v$ ^3 s% n% m
50. Teach-ins
" f; N3 a% R8 ^* T2 Z M, i1 x! q1 f4 U. w5 z3 m) W1 a* |
Withdrawal and Renunciation0 p2 P. \! f" t- {$ s3 s5 j
51. Walk-outs
8 w l: S+ I: P, C3 J! `/ |7 j) y" v 52. Silence( t- w e$ N8 H3 ~
53. Renouncing honors; D, v E# u: A0 I7 K: n
54. Turning one’s back
# A g& H. C, t! E) V- V- k
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9 E+ s6 D+ I* d) g- w \0 ?) I# m7 h4 m* `/ B- f9 _ u3 W
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ _) X( S) z8 o9 o: S6 v0 I# Q# x0 V2 B1 ?4 h2 V; T
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" i; w/ \' ^. cOstracism of Persons6 B% ?5 U9 H: ?; t; Y2 f9 v
55. Social boycott' y, u; H& A; Z7 B
56. Selective social boycott) G4 `5 }0 w& K" n" ~
57. Lysistratic nonaction- C4 V% \: ^# N9 r. k! y4 X( ?
58. Excommunication# J) O: D; p7 w% Y
59. Interdict0 x( U7 E1 H4 e: C5 ?5 ]4 u3 U6 h
4 s9 K! Q( o3 Z. q- A. d. |Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions" g; C% D6 b3 W- E; N
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 x* }1 n( b2 r l6 d 61. Boycott of social affairs
% M* v& Q( W& c7 m0 |# O& s 62. Student strike& P l" k* M$ z
63. Social disobedience
' E" I0 E& w& `; }: n 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
' b& `# _! U2 r+ C/ F- q A; I! s$ Q6 | L! q
Withdrawal from the Social System6 v5 U B1 r/ C. A3 y
65. Stay-at-home7 v6 F6 ]! e$ S! z8 N/ z
66. Total personal noncooperation
. U" K9 C7 F+ w) g 67. “Flight” of workers& c" A$ Z9 F& \3 I9 K
68. Sanctuary
! c# ]3 F5 g: f* o 69. Collective disappearance- {, ] Z3 t3 t. W
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)
6 c9 Z/ O; x+ i/ f8 N1 r0 d3 Y2 E. ?9 ?/ q& [1 ~
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS* q1 h, [2 p- U
2 l. m4 J0 q/ s. ~& I( E4 [ 1 C+ M3 }+ D* f3 Y
Actions by Consumers& @) [* l* q, ~. F9 j; I: E1 T9 _
71. Consumers’ boycott
' h7 [7 x* I! i 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods+ ~5 x+ G7 N9 E5 \
73. Policy of austerity& ] j4 W1 N! S& c5 p
74. Rent withholding
+ D3 ~1 k4 v7 u/ @! o$ f 75. Refusal to rent M, z" b! g! {7 ~; w% B
76. National consumers’ boycott
. {) B" p+ o8 O! q. \" M! N8 U$ d0 Q; P 77. International consumers’ boycott
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) Q2 k* X$ `( @9 G. M% NAction by Workers and Producers+ J x' f7 }- }& T
78. Workmen’s boycott2 |5 M( D) W- R$ \
79. Producers’ boycott
, e) ]8 F' V( S; v5 P# m
# o; Y; j$ `% C" V" j* ^Action by Middlemen
9 ^ f: @2 Y1 d1 @! E 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott% t9 q' P* t/ Y, N& K9 ^* ~. w' v
8 n" D. N3 X7 a9 W* G
Action by Owners and Management8 A. p3 b/ t7 P- L* t
81. Traders’ boycott
6 l v* n+ R; O 82. Refusal to let or sell property
2 j7 B* [3 g$ ]& E8 I) D9 Z 83. Lockout
: S7 \( Y/ B5 T" \( n0 B" P9 Y9 \. s) ]9 y 84. Refusal of industrial assistance2 \& ] Y+ m. Q) f8 I# N
85. Merchants’ “general strike”+ t0 }, y5 W5 ~8 s
@0 S" |; z3 q0 n- s% s+ e9 LAction by Holders of Financial Resources
) |- v5 ~) i" w/ i+ Q 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits {7 S. B: T. F- f. k/ e8 S
87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments+ }" f7 n0 p- C o2 u8 A
88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
/ h& }! M/ `' n( [) @) Q9 L0 R, q, I 89. Severance of funds and credit9 n" h' o2 Y- G# T2 a
90. Revenue refusal$ z2 w3 E; Z! F5 t9 [0 n
91. Refusal of a government’s money3 K0 b' M! h; M+ b0 ^4 w7 P
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Action by Governments
& T' C* D1 r- ` 92. Domestic embargo) m8 w6 z( m9 p" D% k" E) L
93. Blacklisting of traders6 s5 {$ m5 y/ l; E% q. f
94. International sellers’ embargo
$ P3 u# z; d+ s+ Q- v$ c1 H 95. International buyers’ embargo
+ ~; X! P6 `0 L, B6 h 96. International trade embargo
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" t$ d3 @& ]: t7 pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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9 ]$ E, ~! F/ i" E
, ]2 @; l* K4 T/ c4 m: p4 Y! r+ rSymbolic Strikes
* c. ^5 Q8 H+ }! i$ `' g5 O0 ^, O9 K. ] 97. Protest strike' Y$ N5 u3 Y# J9 X, U; i
98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)7 M1 Z) Y8 v; Z7 G8 V4 O
; H/ m/ c7 T* o9 v: G( T& O- b1 C
Agricultural Strikes
5 ?! l1 s( H4 I3 ~ 99. Peasant strike
# C& [$ p# ]* G) y! w/ C& B5 Z 100. Farm Workers’ strike
4 `2 g( W1 h# N1 e% X( l4 T! s: F; A& h/ n) K3 x
Strikes by Special Groups
6 q' ^) a' ^& C 101. Refusal of impressed labor: p8 W' j# x# ]! P& r/ F; _! [& V
102. Prisoners’ strike
) p6 {1 {' o9 u3 o, W 103. Craft strike
; d3 t+ E$ H: w: I 104. Professional strike" @! W& x$ k4 b( A ?
4 d4 s: ?; j+ `$ k' dOrdinary Industrial Strikes
- U, ]( b" p: a2 Z' b/ O 105. Establishment strike$ ?3 S# o+ N1 @4 m/ j ?4 I s
106. Industry strike
* \% b G$ B i 107. Sympathetic strike
# x9 b# x4 ?! u1 m& h! }3 H
- d1 s8 H" q& g+ E# Z& URestricted Strikes ~1 c$ E1 {0 o5 |. J
108. Detailed strike
- I$ E+ b& z$ [( L/ M 109. Bumper strike
2 V; T6 R' p8 ?1 m8 Q$ p 110. Slowdown strike
7 ^2 y! R1 D, \% b) R7 D 111. Working-to-rule strike
! }- X$ j+ V$ Q7 k& B1 X) H 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)
9 i, o6 w/ \9 M/ S" m# G 113. Strike by resignation
$ K3 X; p6 ?9 O. m/ i+ O 114. Limited strike6 |+ }2 \# x' q8 h& X+ S- _
115. Selective strike& ?) z; \, C8 |) s+ f
1 g* Y" q) X. y3 v |% x* e
Multi-Industry Strikes9 B5 P- N+ A7 g! n# ?
9 d3 @4 d+ C$ [# W! h9 l
116. Generalized strike: N8 H" r4 u% C- K( P X
& C8 l0 g& y: A8 s# \ 117. General strike
2 X7 O8 j, K* X3 X* k4 S
; U! ?7 J, ^" g" j% G+ [' CCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures' t9 Z x1 X" J; p
% a& ~5 F3 J/ s 118. Hartal+ l9 D( O# p% e
3 k- j8 g) R( z; E
119. Economic shutdown+ D4 b3 D" Y! F) N* P) q
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION) ~* ]! ]' L# U, }5 p5 X
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Rejection of Authority
6 t" l2 Y, ^1 U) E2 C' Y 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
3 P3 f& h* [0 z0 }5 r; k 121. Refusal of public support
9 V' r/ r: b! g/ C2 N5 F2 K4 v# H 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance' I" V3 \) V1 R i
$ Y$ O3 U \' N4 v2 [Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government
# b: @& \( J* z 123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ m; l1 Y; D8 i7 j5 r& f+ W, @' ?/ _8 R
124. Boycott of elections8 K* [+ H7 R- w# i3 _1 s
125. Boycott of government employment and positions
5 W& W ]% A4 z- R- x 126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
' q8 P4 f# C1 b 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
( V, j3 @2 v1 w# U' W- I- | J 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations; q: |+ x z' m1 W9 I
129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
' w/ _4 l1 f. Y& Y 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks' O0 R. X1 \' k! R0 T
131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
& [. k6 c5 Z( U! \5 O 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ M8 S9 p% F, ~/ k5 N) p6 }0 h5 Q3 u: r
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience) |/ W0 R# \& }9 U( e+ Q( G( C
133. Reluctant and slow compliance2 Z9 d2 l: N1 @7 K+ q$ b( y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
! v* U+ P# l( [1 n+ D) ?8 W 135. Popular nonobedience1 C/ L9 |" ?; Y7 {8 u
136. Disguised disobedience% @: H$ }" p% O' V+ Q3 D
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse' X8 `6 Q/ U. y
138. Sitdown
, I, Z" K* A" k) G7 o 139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation$ p9 @) K0 l% H# I
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
: q; |% ` Y) S% a) Y& B) t 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws. P, U$ |5 Q: r" K
+ o( C$ |& Y6 V! O( V4 i0 j8 U9 x
Action by Government Personnel
* [5 d# H" M! X f: S 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides
' I# p7 J" J8 D5 l( k- ?9 V! k 143. Blocking of lines of command and information
5 Z2 i3 H, j. h! i/ l5 v 144. Stalling and obstruction, M$ B6 z4 P, a% I& X+ d
145. General administrative noncooperation! k# I# M8 ^2 j
6 c0 A5 L# j0 s; t- f1 k 146. Judicial noncooperation- |+ M; S5 Z, s t+ @! z2 S) F3 ]
147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents' U9 q; n' |5 \
148. Mutiny0 [+ j+ R( T# b9 N6 J/ S# o6 `
Domestic Governmental Action" L1 j$ \( b! n0 B# w! q8 `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
7 G# |5 o5 K+ ]- M 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units" ]" r$ h7 y! _
9 c1 Q( v, L$ o" fInternational Governmental Action
9 H7 v' I- V5 g 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# O, ]( c: R7 C2 L
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events: J* `- g# ~$ b& p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: ] j D- C, F( q' O+ D8 X 154. Severance of diplomatic relations& g* Z- v+ [ c& c3 y; i: A! F
155. Withdrawal from international organizations
+ u, A3 x* U9 Q4 ] 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies
9 T) B0 ], Y( d( g( _ 157. Expulsion from international organizations
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION4 r) A8 s- v, u
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+ }& H( f7 k( s7 }Psychological Intervention# s( U+ w, \6 G, P
158. Self-exposure to the elements
3 I9 f0 D8 H% a$ `! N9 ?4 [ 159. The fast
7 S2 ~+ }7 d. d) w a) Fast of moral pressure5 d0 @ `8 m& l9 Y, f
b) Hunger strike
6 ]* S, V: y) r6 Z1 w7 a' m+ f c) Satyagrahic fast
0 ~ [ L* q' m, x! b 160. Reverse trial, R6 K- m$ f9 k
161. Nonviolent harassment
# ^: w* ~: ]. |: y p; |0 ?0 ^$ t4 [+ l1 k
Physical Intervention* V* Z# g& ~7 t/ m9 h) @
162. Sit-in
1 H3 L: F K% @# ~2 ?7 f 163. Stand-in
; x9 T, O: E6 o& g1 H" x6 e 164. Ride-in
. o! b4 S- e; d* p' r 165. Wade-in: W1 M2 m9 L% M4 S/ J
166. Mill-in
! _1 }+ [( Q0 x 167. Pray-in+ F( e% L) ?4 Z8 R2 ]1 d
168. Nonviolent raids5 w1 T) F( `* |) u+ G
169. Nonviolent air raids) w3 \$ H; J s/ U- b% U
170. Nonviolent invasion
- C" I5 B$ l, X- E) J; R4 e 171. Nonviolent interjection
9 G0 g# A/ F) D: P9 v- Z 172. Nonviolent obstruction
' T W: N# c, f. G 173. Nonviolent occupation
% P8 w: e$ R" v
. x9 a6 ^2 t7 ]$ T# Q1 C, ISocial Intervention
. q: D: L& W3 v# m) _; p: R 174. Establishing new social patterns
* W5 q8 }$ L+ ]5 K 175. Overloading of facilities5 \9 k2 d: z( s( z, G
176. Stall-in/ z$ z' e0 B' [: N. ?9 G
177. Speak-in
- m+ t6 G/ m3 c3 c- L g& n$ K 178. Guerrilla theater H, M, u. b' I$ U
179. Alternative social institutions
' b% K* Z1 @4 J3 P 180. Alternative communication system
! }" p" B$ R8 }9 } x3 e% V
2 e- N( L3 @3 O. i) iEconomic Intervention
3 D8 N- j7 i8 M) @) A( F+ _1 N2 w 181. Reverse strike
* X8 ?- R3 t$ G+ w- A. A: ? 182. Stay-in strike; p% v; Z8 d* ]. w5 s$ W- z( I. m3 ]
183. Nonviolent land seizure
$ ^8 @, C! W2 j 184. Defiance of blockades
2 S ]) J3 H8 i 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting. R0 r3 J+ j9 T$ o9 G$ U+ K
186. Preclusive purchasing
* m% g* o D. K: E2 _% T9 @ 187. Seizure of assets$ Y e$ \; o9 n/ F7 O, W; Z; O `% M
188. Dumping v) W3 c9 E% J" I
189. Selective patronage
& k+ @! y$ y3 L' N& F 190. Alternative markets
. J: G0 n' }" }6 d' `3 c 191. Alternative transportation systems
( B5 D H8 N9 W. H$ _ 192. Alternative economic institutions# L9 ? h ~6 t; B+ L( D, ?/ o$ h* ^
3 W. x' R$ F+ i# s" PPolitical Intervention
" c* s, p" \: o) T 193. Overloading of administrative systems
: X' [# _# @9 I. ~$ Z 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents9 r: B0 F) X- T
195. Seeking imprisonment# W M4 b' n1 b. I/ ^0 A; S! K5 f
196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; x( E" C, S1 t" ?9 M% _* c0 \ 197. Work-on without collaboration& o$ H* t. T! e p2 w9 K1 l; f
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government8 |& L) h' x9 P9 [+ j: O
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
