 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION+ m( K* Y: C' x* M# V0 U5 I
Formal Statements
# R. m8 k6 @+ k, @; `2 s 1. Public Speeches
. k- A' O, t8 K4 C 2. Letters of opposition or support0 Z8 X; K: q7 D. D
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
: v* i* J. K/ {2 m, v0 j; u 4. Signed public statements
& u( w; a8 \0 D( Q. r3 ^ 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
$ S4 A$ r2 G2 [! J 6. Group or mass petitions
* @5 J$ `/ ^* ^ f( ?8 v8 P! I7 X# |# g+ L; g E1 `
Communications with a Wider Audience
3 E- a ~; N6 x 7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
n ?. Q( L0 @ 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
. A$ z2 v. X3 `9 c 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books
( \+ T$ F0 ?2 v; Y1 }3 i" @ 10. Newspapers and journals. [1 V* K4 r5 |- F3 J! `* g) A
11. Records, radio, and television; M, @+ U2 }/ t; V$ n
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
+ C' s9 j: x; o/ d1 T" i$ w
* | ?. ?) H4 A9 K0 X4 ZGroup Representations0 t5 E! [$ {1 v } s6 P/ @
13. Deputations
3 A; |2 K4 L2 x" Q1 A7 R( E, N+ i( U& y 14. Mock awards: p$ f8 \+ D7 ^# F9 `
15. Group lobbying
' [( s0 u1 j. W# p 16. Picketing
% W4 w1 y1 V; p/ [ j 17. Mock elections
3 ?& w& n( `) F7 J0 e( q7 k" v
. E/ t/ M5 F/ x% f: }% SSymbolic Public Acts: y. u/ L9 x% ~7 |' [2 n
18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors- E5 l8 b8 h5 a$ L% M; |
19. Wearing of symbols
+ P/ I* A! a+ h( [7 w6 n 20. Prayer and worship
; z) V1 @7 z4 g; {) Y. M$ w5 I# P7 m q 21. Delivering symbolic objects; ~# ^/ ~8 i2 O8 `
22. Protest disrobings, g9 L: p' J1 \4 Y7 O4 x
23. Destruction of own property: c- @+ i4 j- v. w' P* r" [* Q1 C
24. Symbolic lights
# y- T2 F- `: {$ S# T3 v, w7 N 25. Displays of portraits
8 l4 E7 `0 A/ q: |- K% J4 { 26. Paint as protest7 y5 Q, m8 J6 |
27. New signs and names' o6 w2 F M# y8 S( X' Q2 D2 K Q& ]
28. Symbolic sounds
9 W* a) a% [7 i% D8 L0 n8 L 29. Symbolic reclamations
, L; Q& M$ P; Z) w: K6 \( v; X 30. Rude gestures5 G; Q% A% ^4 W# b
8 x4 s2 o3 g: T6 J, {- m/ N
Pressures on Individuals: b* Y: S3 ]6 l- S4 ^, D
31. “Haunting” officials. h, o& q; R h5 V6 M6 g
32. Taunting officials$ D$ ]0 b0 q. _, z4 m
33. Fraternization
5 d# G" I3 @. D/ b& z; N 34. Vigils. T1 k6 f4 ` e2 h
: F+ }$ E/ k% v. [
Drama and Music( P( j" w) C' K- b$ _" D
35. Humorous skits and pranks$ J% G; s1 ~+ o4 p1 m, X A/ N
36. Performances of plays and music" ^6 ~9 A8 a# b* A* O/ i
37. Singing
) C, V" ^& a- y9 E7 X
, z6 t- _& |- J$ A1 f# C" O' VProcessions
6 ^" s; b% k& u 38. Marches
/ d6 t, ^4 r- L4 V8 U, X& b 39. Parades
% q) }- u3 m4 a! v$ n' b: } 40. Religious processions
. I8 |+ @( V! |7 i0 ]8 h 41. Pilgrimages
/ X: \( ^8 s# w- k0 u: ]4 g 42. Motorcades, H: N' A* s: T8 j; z3 W$ C1 j
7 Q7 |: O7 x3 G# S- @5 L5 S
Honoring the Dead6 y8 q5 L; R6 e/ A( H/ s
43. Political mourning) ^, {% n9 B0 a
44. Mock funerals
- x7 w" M" X2 f% e; Q0 B 45. Demonstrative funerals
2 o0 T( v( p E6 k3 u7 K4 @ 46. Homage at burial places9 i8 s" e! F! f8 c* U( v
+ @9 R4 O: l6 v
Public Assemblies) K6 c5 }; O. [6 y
47. Assemblies of protest or support& W; V' _& D2 F. z+ J7 r) i
48. Protest meetings- w6 T% A6 p+ v% S+ j
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
1 ?/ w6 w" ~) @' \( v" ^$ \: H' w 50. Teach-ins3 j6 O5 W! ^; @$ b8 e2 `! `1 B
) U1 f p. ^; ^3 K/ D" I
Withdrawal and Renunciation3 m& ?0 Z2 n! n. j) W- V, m
51. Walk-outs: k; t5 K& H# w! V0 [% u$ ^6 m
52. Silence; F0 m2 W- i; z4 D9 u
53. Renouncing honors$ P, Y; y! H& s/ o9 P# \
54. Turning one’s back7 Z5 A* s. Z7 n/ O1 f& u/ W3 B
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2 A5 {0 P* l, |7 ?" y' g. }THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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5 `; |# C* _! _& U& H2 e u 0 @: t; {' q) E! c/ E6 H# x7 \
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Ostracism of Persons
7 {- Q, c5 q3 X9 j/ u1 X 55. Social boycott" n& Z: m ^% u) j
56. Selective social boycott
* c& Z6 U; ?6 S& p0 s/ O; i 57. Lysistratic nonaction0 A6 R3 \ p& K- X5 k: d$ o
58. Excommunication
1 P: K, W: q, @3 f2 Q8 k' J( C 59. Interdict
# J1 P$ R( c& i- {5 `. ?+ e1 c/ u% k& d% E. Z1 i* e3 Q/ l
Noncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions$ u+ a% S6 t# a; o! ]
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
1 U1 l4 i7 S! R) O 61. Boycott of social affairs' Z. q1 h F# H; B
62. Student strike
! `9 e. f3 D, n' N( T; b6 Q( {1 M 63. Social disobedience
- P5 f, G, }: d8 [! G9 R 64. Withdrawal from social institutions
1 e# H7 L9 m# z8 f |/ b( G6 w" T2 K% c* w0 ]0 P
Withdrawal from the Social System9 ~& z% s8 Q! N6 d' m
65. Stay-at-home
% I' b! K" J( Y4 t H$ o 66. Total personal noncooperation5 M2 T1 E2 Z- I& ]) D9 s
67. “Flight” of workers9 v+ ~( y$ _1 X% {) w, [
68. Sanctuary
5 z+ j9 \/ w9 ^6 E 69. Collective disappearance
' C) ^% v8 L" y5 q4 ^, ` 70. Protest emigration (hijrat)0 e" p" o+ z9 o& q& @. J
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. n1 C6 A1 x! o" pTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS
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Actions by Consumers; f: W" v6 h2 z- ?3 ]
71. Consumers’ boycott; S( w/ d& d8 X2 c# \# o; {, m9 {# o
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods( \( [ x1 y; m
73. Policy of austerity' s- y! q7 l6 z- U4 _( c# j6 x, M
74. Rent withholding
7 [9 v$ ~5 H; v6 s z! {# t 75. Refusal to rent$ r* Z! p! r, l9 e! {- j/ H! n
76. National consumers’ boycott
a$ y5 e1 N! W% k) k 77. International consumers’ boycott" R- x. j0 s# g6 ?; b
4 c- d' z8 g4 R; _
Action by Workers and Producers
. C0 {1 t: p: z" S7 ?# H' ` c2 d 78. Workmen’s boycott
$ D, h3 f2 a% r* d- R2 q 79. Producers’ boycott
. P7 G' s9 T% E; F
0 D6 i) [# E1 d0 {" `5 U5 tAction by Middlemen: t: C# q: E/ C9 ^! O! d' k L
80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott# B8 y% n4 B9 u: f$ X4 Z+ ]' V
7 O5 x; _& U/ E6 P
Action by Owners and Management
X9 n) Z: \& \' U& ^0 M 81. Traders’ boycott
7 p/ @. C3 p- { 82. Refusal to let or sell property2 U7 u" q8 ]) d8 W9 i
83. Lockout
3 ?3 C( G9 U4 e5 G" z 84. Refusal of industrial assistance5 {% u9 g2 O1 D/ f" R% g( z* @0 H
85. Merchants’ “general strike”% w8 @# Y0 R, Z1 C: n. R# f
" g8 N( o. z+ V+ _- ] ]Action by Holders of Financial Resources
" Y! ]( Y3 K+ I' w" s 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
! S( B+ k- ~( n' O3 ` 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
e" L c1 R7 L6 {! h; x2 G 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest! e& V! S( W1 q6 [
89. Severance of funds and credit
. V- k) t/ P" V# n# V 90. Revenue refusal
+ u T% S2 e+ N& x 91. Refusal of a government’s money: X# T9 F F' g; o/ \. n* g
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Action by Governments
! o+ m1 ?9 k- v) e$ c: l0 U! I+ { 92. Domestic embargo* ?( z. j: y+ y) Z' \
93. Blacklisting of traders
& c6 E9 y+ W: P u+ f 94. International sellers’ embargo
+ S+ C: O. p, @2 n 95. International buyers’ embargo' U& M6 l5 }& J% T5 |' J
96. International trade embargo+ Q* t1 J0 Q% g9 `
6 J1 g- R) B7 L. ]+ M; \- b
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE8 C; T3 x; T* D7 s/ B! D
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2 b0 D% k5 m7 y- R/ i9 s+ MSymbolic Strikes
# D) t. K Y8 s! H* g$ x9 O5 j( X& g% L 97. Protest strike
: e! @, E* u, l5 P' [7 q 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)# q! w4 V4 |) C) ~3 t% k6 T+ b
( _ l& T A! t2 Q
Agricultural Strikes3 `6 C7 v0 s1 T- V% ?
99. Peasant strike9 c# Z4 c: a, j6 ?, ~; B1 ~' L
100. Farm Workers’ strike/ d% ~; F7 C$ O: t4 ^# r' w3 M
" H( u0 t# V- @: F+ OStrikes by Special Groups
2 V- ?0 b9 u1 P' L7 T- _0 Z 101. Refusal of impressed labor
+ ~6 q' r! U1 L' y3 s 102. Prisoners’ strike
& G6 @# l* F- y- C3 e 103. Craft strike8 g8 u& Y9 g7 {- m% ~
104. Professional strike( S* b1 b ^7 [' _) S4 r. Q5 K
) |8 F9 R' B! s6 S$ S
Ordinary Industrial Strikes; E; N0 B- Y7 @" r" n: R
105. Establishment strike
4 N! X4 E/ p" I. X/ k" X 106. Industry strike- [" t5 m( K8 g% G" V( W, _
107. Sympathetic strike
& L7 t& {. H* n; @- U; h3 c7 }4 k' K" y' ?, `
Restricted Strikes# \) j4 H4 W C( |2 h- W
108. Detailed strike) y4 Q2 j1 S. C c% j- m* a2 s! X
109. Bumper strike+ {' V1 ~4 H; m7 \# v+ F( S
110. Slowdown strike
! t! j0 T, l1 k$ {" ^ 111. Working-to-rule strike
/ q# P, I1 Q& D m" A$ e 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)& G: N+ C1 g& }
113. Strike by resignation
9 h/ ?4 |* H9 f( ]8 y 114. Limited strike
2 u* n$ p5 m0 k3 I8 \ 115. Selective strike
% o, [8 Y& G5 B1 P
: B: Y3 L# ^9 o$ ^. M( oMulti-Industry Strikes
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8 [( ]& z. c1 C X1 I* N 116. Generalized strike7 H/ j7 {' ]7 R4 C7 O; c0 j* |
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117. General strike
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7 u( X5 t: S7 ]9 H5 xCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
1 T0 l" d* k9 f, j M3 ` l
) u! Z8 U* z8 f8 c4 p1 b2 W 118. Hartal! k. G \! \6 c8 ~/ B
8 J+ p6 c; a- j0 o1 L e/ D 119. Economic shutdown* R; K1 ]' K. m" P) W- O, V1 N
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) N6 G5 }, o( k2 @* T wTHE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION$ M% c% H M4 r
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M6 ?+ f2 l1 V; p' Y, V0 O( pRejection of Authority4 F1 B- @, `. i `
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance; Y4 [/ {- ^( u: v' r: U7 q. y
121. Refusal of public support
# V$ c/ g/ {8 O$ X9 N7 M3 K) ?; J 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
' u7 S7 v) }, ?# p2 Y. D( J+ V7 A/ G! [+ F
Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government6 _: J+ W- d/ Q* z/ d% o- K- H
123. Boycott of legislative bodies
7 S0 c& p' j# n) r2 H5 V; I/ ^ 124. Boycott of elections! J* j8 e& t- G
125. Boycott of government employment and positions. e% ]0 F; }4 w. ^7 R; j& `" @
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
% G! I) x8 P- r: W8 k: j9 \9 h* e 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions4 |2 c% A' H& @" J; N: b4 q# C% X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
9 G/ c9 r/ ]: E8 J6 h8 {+ B 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
0 n. g7 k& c, D/ p( F4 O 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; z5 T7 A3 [5 X1 h# V9 q 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials1 l& R: ~1 K7 Q+ g4 m* \- n7 z) Z
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions- `$ ]/ Z% P. D4 x# X9 u
9 ]* t) D5 ^ F; H# H
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
# e9 }* z2 }+ z6 K6 `: t 133. Reluctant and slow compliance! K. @* k; C& |# V0 H8 Y
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision2 h6 c; _. C0 F1 P' G, U/ t6 W. V
135. Popular nonobedience0 `& m3 |; x6 B" A
136. Disguised disobedience
* x7 O) ?& W9 B/ `7 }" k 137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
% H$ p! y- J m; R) n# l, e 138. Sitdown4 x: [9 A+ u7 M
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation( y/ k, h0 Z- s+ n+ p
140. Hiding, escape, and false identities' |7 H# W" J2 W7 P* B2 r
141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
7 f6 [, W' v; K' x6 [: u. j9 g4 H
! d7 B# X( c- N/ }; l1 e& h. oAction by Government Personnel
8 e1 R+ \; ^* O2 | _9 q- K 142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides, g) W5 n U: ^+ I8 R' J( c" P$ L
143. Blocking of lines of command and information' ^) a9 J3 h8 Z$ h
144. Stalling and obstruction: l. @" M& e, l* i
145. General administrative noncooperation8 d+ N% n' B5 {, M
0 l' |; }8 J# R4 ~0 C; O% d
146. Judicial noncooperation
3 I9 d& [, ~0 b& s8 x/ D 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents ]7 k& @( t0 r+ A$ f( ]% _
148. Mutiny% D. r, T# ^2 Y' M8 Q
Domestic Governmental Action$ ]! K# H% l* j$ E; p" T- x# G& }$ `
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays
0 r. @$ [' `$ e7 j4 b) F 150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action
' L( U7 l: l$ s- L% j* i 151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
6 ~1 f H6 y# d9 R/ W" t 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
% I0 F' {- [. V& u+ u 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition
: e& ]; H. W4 u3 T3 I& ?/ |, I9 o 154. Severance of diplomatic relations5 X; @: z9 C, y! ~' C* c; @
155. Withdrawal from international organizations/ j6 Q0 a# a. L3 \6 J+ E
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 T/ ? @7 T/ `
157. Expulsion from international organizations" n5 H+ e7 ^" N6 ]
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION
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Psychological Intervention
, p/ t: `0 n* w3 @# @ Z2 x) [' s: P6 H 158. Self-exposure to the elements4 |& F5 e0 I$ Y! m- S; {& u& p
159. The fast1 S" s2 i) Q2 x+ ]' g
a) Fast of moral pressure
4 ?1 `3 X F9 Y2 a1 {- C b) Hunger strike/ M' f) ?8 u+ L8 ~
c) Satyagrahic fast
" t% {7 n# f1 e$ w# c8 G; a" J4 _ 160. Reverse trial
4 m7 m3 P5 ] {! g/ r, H 161. Nonviolent harassment
6 ]/ w6 x9 _- u+ g: E# A3 j" f8 w$ W/ R" c
Physical Intervention
% P3 H) a1 Y4 |# n4 z P 162. Sit-in/ r8 b* n! N5 r: e. Z1 Y' b3 {
163. Stand-in
# E; e7 W) ~5 I 164. Ride-in
' k, s; Q! R/ N: J+ r4 x 165. Wade-in
5 g: E! T, z8 k7 ^/ D# w 166. Mill-in
) v$ ~* o# U6 N% b3 t7 Z 167. Pray-in
& w% E! x4 y2 ]6 f: h) @9 V$ _ 168. Nonviolent raids
8 y8 |+ J, M8 I F9 m0 L: D 169. Nonviolent air raids
9 i; G4 F9 h* f' k# W8 g+ o 170. Nonviolent invasion! D4 }5 T6 [8 k* }; t
171. Nonviolent interjection
# `( W+ S5 ]9 E7 R$ U 172. Nonviolent obstruction
; E5 P' G4 r% z* q2 ]/ ` 173. Nonviolent occupation/ ]/ a9 U {% q! U, U- d
' m* R3 J# J" E4 m2 S6 ZSocial Intervention
+ P" o- l4 l: M+ J 174. Establishing new social patterns3 R5 P; d. O" x3 b
175. Overloading of facilities
+ S* [5 S# D. a- d( _7 D- a; E 176. Stall-in
2 C9 H: U9 p: k7 n 177. Speak-in
, M9 a4 S% O/ [% P4 q0 t 178. Guerrilla theater# x1 ]( l! U3 X8 ? z% Q& o
179. Alternative social institutions
' |0 y* ]- _9 r9 X9 ^% u 180. Alternative communication system
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Economic Intervention7 p3 ~' O5 W5 E! V: u
181. Reverse strike" e z4 v, e, A7 Q+ i8 S' Z1 ?- `
182. Stay-in strike7 I- }& a* ~+ J9 A$ g/ Y" Y
183. Nonviolent land seizure8 P7 I. u3 M2 }0 @3 f. j& M8 J
184. Defiance of blockades
! A, S4 B5 k* ~- \. c0 J9 H7 P 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting* v1 {& ?0 v1 H8 x
186. Preclusive purchasing
" F) ?8 Y' P6 @3 T! y2 W 187. Seizure of assets) N2 w: o! h: I: i3 c; S
188. Dumping* @) G! ]% j" t( ]
189. Selective patronage4 ~. `% A% A$ J- Q# P, l
190. Alternative markets
$ d$ T0 h6 L3 T1 ]" r 191. Alternative transportation systems
. t8 a3 Y! b5 w0 m 192. Alternative economic institutions
2 C- ~: M. e4 v I' u/ t: E+ _& J7 E
1 d, f1 \1 N2 ^( L) R9 [ K, j7 k RPolitical Intervention, S# j' O0 x [6 M( h% Z
193. Overloading of administrative systems
I Y! v: D/ ]0 `9 E" r- W 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
: n5 F. y: t: S9 N 195. Seeking imprisonment
( O2 l) F Z+ k. N; T 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
: J: \: l# |& U8 E# W/ Q! L6 u 197. Work-on without collaboration& v* s3 e$ \. q5 U% Z
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
