 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION# r* L" C1 ~6 i# \
Formal Statements4 U7 @% [% l, x2 c, W- r: B& B
1. Public Speeches
9 H" J9 V, Y) s& A: g) m5 y |' I 2. Letters of opposition or support
: p0 ]- ^: V! c8 D* v% T 3. Declarations by organizations and institutions" d+ J; j" |, ?* T" u! H0 z" {. ]
4. Signed public statements
$ F; c( R& |+ } 5. Declarations of indictment and intention
! U) q \1 M2 D* F* w, I, e \( w 6. Group or mass petitions" h t3 r4 ]7 \7 T/ H
. T. S* Y* s% o8 j. M0 l W- n; |Communications with a Wider Audience( Q, K. J/ L, d$ G; h1 @
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols
! w& I: }! b0 n% i/ S 8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications
U5 X* S4 l' W% _& h 9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books9 v: f$ O1 U6 ~ [# d! Q; S: a# M) `
10. Newspapers and journals
0 n8 \" j& y* W 11. Records, radio, and television* N$ t! z# V, y1 N; r+ B
12. Skywriting and earthwriting
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( C5 b* G7 C: V3 S. L% J! e- BGroup Representations
& Y$ w0 N/ G4 q9 l 13. Deputations2 ~% S4 h) b; D' C
14. Mock awards1 C# H7 O7 s h ^% ]8 A5 ?
15. Group lobbying0 x& A$ I! M: B; Q4 ^: z) C$ H2 H
16. Picketing' Q1 q' T8 s0 D/ o( K
17. Mock elections
: L% n# {9 o4 O6 O' p& F7 _/ c9 s) i; @0 Y# ~$ c2 L9 M3 r2 u
Symbolic Public Acts
: }( p4 a9 Y. H8 q 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors6 O& |" m1 T" O' s$ M/ P( G
19. Wearing of symbols
( S, L' ?& ~8 ~# J/ l 20. Prayer and worship
. C. I9 E/ y, ?" g# c1 i 21. Delivering symbolic objects
$ y4 |2 ?" h: \& S/ W6 j) B: e 22. Protest disrobings! Y+ }& T6 z- ^- h
23. Destruction of own property4 b$ @5 B+ m8 L9 h0 A1 j
24. Symbolic lights
* O* z6 q* G5 ~( ~2 d# y; e 25. Displays of portraits
, G9 b% m$ B% c1 H8 @ 26. Paint as protest
$ _6 @1 C. R$ p" s8 x$ L6 x i9 K5 B 27. New signs and names
: k5 v1 d& q! g$ e, K3 U 28. Symbolic sounds ]8 e9 ^, ~% h# [- S G( S% Q
29. Symbolic reclamations, r! f Z& _! K( w: d) Z. ^ e
30. Rude gestures
' R" u1 p: i- j1 M" f# N, r6 }0 {4 ?4 k
Pressures on Individuals; C! D7 W/ e! u$ {% ]% o6 N7 U- D
31. “Haunting” officials
1 ~# B- x! F& Q9 M3 K j7 G! }+ Y 32. Taunting officials
' _0 L- W$ ^( ~& N 33. Fraternization# I* G. F2 ^! I! I
34. Vigils
/ A6 q, |$ [# E5 W
% e* d" t% j, d; w* @& jDrama and Music
6 P) U, n; t' W% _; A 35. Humorous skits and pranks
7 S$ C7 Q8 l* T9 ]& A6 A 36. Performances of plays and music
2 f5 [ e1 F7 L* y4 `' \* s- X2 m 37. Singing0 |! j4 o: e, G
0 G# K" x0 C* v7 |0 _9 ]
Processions
: {* P. {/ P4 t- d/ E 38. Marches$ ~7 l/ [3 O9 M3 i- y8 o# D+ d' {
39. Parades
: O! ~) [2 q! k: m( M Z% v) x3 h 40. Religious processions) B% z8 z& G% v/ l6 p1 a5 q
41. Pilgrimages1 j7 w4 w7 l% C
42. Motorcades
6 ]3 C5 ^1 N8 N* K6 f( T
- M! b+ x1 ~+ \9 ~" l- e0 IHonoring the Dead
* b+ y, ~( h' L8 @( M. U3 o 43. Political mourning
$ {8 g0 P2 ^2 x 44. Mock funerals
7 S" I; y: i; _1 l4 b 45. Demonstrative funerals
; ]' ^' |" K% ~* S 46. Homage at burial places, H/ s% C" G( V1 K3 H
! T9 Z7 i' l2 @/ z2 aPublic Assemblies
. H# [% N5 H. a$ z" k3 s 47. Assemblies of protest or support
& b7 h. y8 F% o+ K' y3 q0 t 48. Protest meetings' j. @) i- L! c( R. m. R
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest' c! v0 D% C' Q0 _
50. Teach-ins
6 W& ~' c3 ]0 P" Z& h2 M% v/ w1 C3 |2 t" H$ K. M; T& t, v5 W
Withdrawal and Renunciation
# [5 Y# Y& P8 ? 51. Walk-outs
) K, i) C3 P! {# e3 ]$ t; x2 C( f 52. Silence& g" ?5 [& |/ j
53. Renouncing honors7 U7 T" F8 z1 W/ W
54. Turning one’s back
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# R" \2 e. M: ]1 l' ?9 Z! t8 \7 O) j C
' X3 ~+ d w+ d- u9 T- S2 ]! E! l* [. h/ M
THE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
/ I4 Y( F5 H3 _% e. M8 i3 }" s/ N1 u4 d8 |
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! X6 N6 U4 T# d8 l+ ]Ostracism of Persons
v$ N7 n( Y" L, x4 Q 55. Social boycott( O$ h8 Q+ ]' B1 Y3 i
56. Selective social boycott2 M" s5 ], r h& V9 P+ n
57. Lysistratic nonaction
, P! Y9 n; L$ k8 M# E 58. Excommunication1 A- b3 }, ]9 h6 h8 n
59. Interdict
& X6 S* I. ?, O' O) r: i, V0 d7 ~
# }! u5 B$ }% z m3 J3 E* ^& ENoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions
: A! s$ E& t9 f" m. G 60. Suspension of social and sports activities
. W2 _: n: ?! {+ I; K( } 61. Boycott of social affairs
* N2 j% B4 `$ O' B! R, n: D 62. Student strike% G) ~9 i! G+ f) r
63. Social disobedience
; p! t/ o* X0 _& p8 E3 D% I& |; i4 N 64. Withdrawal from social institutions' h! \3 u6 N& u; J& O4 G
/ ?9 K' b; q6 n6 d7 [% i% ^Withdrawal from the Social System# C% P, j- J; R. v, l) F
65. Stay-at-home
" O$ H3 Y( b# Y1 V! E3 o. @* ] 66. Total personal noncooperation/ ~ R9 u6 G; M# E# M/ R5 a' y" {: O
67. “Flight” of workers8 i9 r, t# P! U% \, g) ?, g! ^' \
68. Sanctuary
7 r: K1 U4 [( C1 p- \5 x5 p" z, A. m0 X 69. Collective disappearance8 S9 q4 n4 c+ u- S A8 P
70. Protest emigration (hijrat)& H$ S) ^( N2 H2 q8 z8 r8 u6 D
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" [1 Z+ w' O. k. Q0 R2 cTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS f1 n9 Q; u: @* a3 S2 A
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/ d) @$ s( i1 |( M: \9 Q0 l* V, x
Actions by Consumers
* d* n, o0 d: a! L! S 71. Consumers’ boycott# z" q7 y L5 f! b$ K% R
72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods
# |: W- [3 g @# f# X2 P 73. Policy of austerity
( j) m5 k4 K0 a: O. Y5 m0 W0 w- {' K 74. Rent withholding- V3 w6 P% i/ S {1 H: y
75. Refusal to rent
7 K+ Q( C5 [/ K; ]) R 76. National consumers’ boycott* i9 V! E. R% i v4 B
77. International consumers’ boycott) Y. Y' v- k% P% p2 K& T! @# C
2 I, _, C( M- C9 y, DAction by Workers and Producers! [; A3 T) M: @
78. Workmen’s boycott) E c& s: o9 v2 i' m$ B6 \* s
79. Producers’ boycott' C/ e2 {$ ~6 h8 y5 \
2 u+ t/ g7 Z/ @% Y
Action by Middlemen
, _- i: z6 B9 c: m 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott
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Action by Owners and Management( _, i2 p7 @# y9 {
81. Traders’ boycott
4 @/ K' d$ S& ~ 82. Refusal to let or sell property
) T+ w& y/ ]9 U0 s: m" D 83. Lockout2 W' t# J; D/ _) t0 O
84. Refusal of industrial assistance, w# O# x. U4 t, {% ?! T8 e- ]
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
! M5 E& o u# |; F# I/ F- f) H3 v9 S7 m( V% N' ]
Action by Holders of Financial Resources
9 }) q& t! m. d) [- y/ s- x7 ` 86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
# ]/ i9 v4 u2 j 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
+ m9 a5 P; S/ H* l3 L% ~ 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
2 Q2 o& Z; t; Y C( X) h% r. u0 f) v 89. Severance of funds and credit1 {; i: ~# F$ ]0 A0 u8 c
90. Revenue refusal' s. {. |7 n: l
91. Refusal of a government’s money( @3 K3 h! H/ n g. j) X
* n3 i. e: ]8 ~+ S1 _$ _, n7 l1 @' IAction by Governments
$ I- S: r% T4 ~" J 92. Domestic embargo
# j% ?0 O% r% j7 K8 b 93. Blacklisting of traders! E1 A$ w8 J2 L/ b- P6 w( N# R6 [+ d
94. International sellers’ embargo
) N4 F. U9 t7 z. }, Y$ W 95. International buyers’ embargo. P6 [: V5 K2 d/ h& O1 Y
96. International trade embargo
4 U8 J6 l5 P- u: I/ K3 ~5 b( Q* M( V( v8 l. Z7 H7 M. q
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE+ K! ]! E- X( h
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) L( ]( G: v8 N$ }, ?0 YSymbolic Strikes
6 W- @( V8 a% m, D4 N; j5 a9 J 97. Protest strike
* b! d- b% }6 [8 _ 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
9 @ G2 v% s: w0 Y+ F+ M/ i6 W2 S" n+ f' n& m
Agricultural Strikes
. b: A/ b1 C1 A) z' c& f 99. Peasant strike5 p- |, i; x3 U. Q- \7 B& V3 ^
100. Farm Workers’ strike9 N6 k) ^- P) @
- ~0 T4 C' n4 C" \+ D1 m
Strikes by Special Groups$ Y$ D2 [, W" }* r6 \
101. Refusal of impressed labor
/ S1 }( P: \; t5 j& C 102. Prisoners’ strike
7 k2 z- |: W0 e* e: s; v/ F) @ 103. Craft strike
. r2 t( W0 F) S 104. Professional strike
+ h5 T9 w) J1 n
2 q% C" y" z; j* rOrdinary Industrial Strikes
7 b- K' f% \1 y6 w& ` 105. Establishment strike* `& t: d$ D9 e( J
106. Industry strike ~7 R2 l" H) j5 r; i' W+ L h
107. Sympathetic strike
% ^8 P; c" K- h Y; r) D. g$ l5 y2 t: L* w6 _1 D- J
Restricted Strikes
3 k m7 A+ T$ Y x. ^- a3 P 108. Detailed strike. i0 D5 @8 d6 X' V9 f6 C' x0 ~
109. Bumper strike2 u4 X5 {* `% P/ Z
110. Slowdown strike" j, J5 p$ Z( s$ b; W
111. Working-to-rule strike
/ O6 I `/ c- \/ \5 x4 q, J 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in): N! U1 [& o* w! Z1 M
113. Strike by resignation! G* n' u- M& Q3 I, d! s' V$ T. X
114. Limited strike" v, y. m; d% }, _2 X
115. Selective strike
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Multi-Industry Strikes
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2 c1 @0 v( Q, x8 C. B! y) j 116. Generalized strike
4 @7 X1 c' b K# { R* r' d e1 T) ?& m; f6 G8 p9 o: G
117. General strike% W" W' O; ^3 Y2 J
( f! l V# x+ v# X# wCombination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
+ ^. K2 B, y9 a1 ]- ?8 R& N" {
7 ?8 o* s# H0 D0 m" K 119. Economic shutdown! E9 j/ D5 f4 J$ y$ R) R8 ^7 L# }
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% V9 i; a9 D% A% ~& e. H8 N1 D8 J6 D$ c& l- ~- f
THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 d% ~2 c- ^- ^5 IRejection of Authority
& G% H! J* Q! `# X. z7 b 120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance& g. X# _5 N( S7 k) j( d4 H
121. Refusal of public support
5 x* P+ Q0 c/ ?; Y 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
5 ]0 x1 P7 y0 n% Y& _1 b/ c$ m
, L2 b* m( n5 N- DCitizens’ Noncooperation with Government/ y1 k/ S/ i- K) b
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ {- h& L" J9 [
124. Boycott of elections
& X, m# }& p. x7 y6 ? 125. Boycott of government employment and positions h9 [! I8 @. s" V) D
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
9 C2 h- j& G$ T/ }7 j' o 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions
' r! v, |5 }% u1 ] 128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
4 q% p! B: Y& A+ D8 R8 H2 S1 C, [ 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
1 h/ ?! F5 }! Q2 k$ [( J 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
" g& V) u& W$ a% G; i( `9 K$ ] 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials
7 q7 F6 C* J4 |% G: K, R1 Z; e, e; o 132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions% @4 S1 i8 V6 |
4 q, J- [0 m k8 } j
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
: a% _' l$ M0 P6 _2 j 133. Reluctant and slow compliance( b/ m, S3 Z. [" A; j
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision
# A, j: l, m+ T3 {9 a! o, g% s 135. Popular nonobedience8 l8 n1 ]0 x2 ^; W( i I8 Y# ~
136. Disguised disobedience' @: _( |( J* @+ k: r: h8 V
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
9 Y- Y7 W+ M/ B& i$ Y2 J" r 138. Sitdown* K/ u/ k: M5 t9 p, f6 K) D
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
- D6 k/ q) u, |" N0 g- \ 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
# @# a$ `0 v; S& G. m 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws
, n) Z$ }% Q+ | |
1 ?6 Z* t! w" b1 q# e4 ~Action by Government Personnel0 W2 B( N( U0 d
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides4 C7 _0 N3 B8 n: |6 {+ O2 E) p
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
* ?, \! y0 a. r% B 144. Stalling and obstruction
7 t# I' T6 B3 o5 F4 l 145. General administrative noncooperation/ S% ]( ?. f4 D- u2 W
0 j8 ] s: n6 j2 } 146. Judicial noncooperation
0 i! ~* z: t4 `( _( D* y" r; ~ {2 X 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents4 j# K5 f2 ]8 F) b
148. Mutiny
4 ?: N# c {7 T7 A9 r, @Domestic Governmental Action4 s1 w& y+ D$ f
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays0 J5 p) ~- ^) {: M8 s
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units
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International Governmental Action1 G. P/ P$ a# B. U5 o @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations
, h1 N& g1 }' z* p9 Z2 r. e' U 152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events
4 M5 S2 S: G8 n, e0 ~. q 153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition5 Z+ [) Y8 z3 `8 _ T+ h
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
* ?/ b E6 ]9 ~( _2 ~ 155. Withdrawal from international organizations
) j( C5 Q; o& N& P, V 156. Refusal of membership in international bodies q$ C) F o4 M8 I$ D) ]# h* }
157. Expulsion from international organizations4 @+ y# Z5 u& x- ^ j: K7 B
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION% w; G8 U0 L5 J. O) `0 I
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; _; R `: q( R9 O3 n5 X% \, UPsychological Intervention
; A0 x% W0 U/ }$ d5 m- D8 R% { 158. Self-exposure to the elements# f: L: W- `' N* H5 W
159. The fast' \8 X' L$ l2 c; u: I+ q0 b
a) Fast of moral pressure( [1 @2 }# z& N! B9 M( v/ j
b) Hunger strike
; |% A$ E6 c" s! q) ?* ] c) Satyagrahic fast" M+ Z6 r8 q/ D4 F) }7 {
160. Reverse trial. J# _$ ~) H/ ]- w& f% j
161. Nonviolent harassment- X+ j [( [2 t7 J3 X5 w$ D2 o. [( D
! c: {2 g) B N) rPhysical Intervention
+ c _/ W, R! t/ d0 J% O 162. Sit-in% d' e; j4 m4 g/ z5 W
163. Stand-in
* s) g& n3 q% D: o( m 164. Ride-in. m6 I3 M }' Q3 T. K V# p. y
165. Wade-in
/ g; Q! y, ^! O2 k# Q 166. Mill-in
9 T3 W' d3 g; l; Y9 A4 }+ d/ l) { 167. Pray-in# w( u, T; p" N4 w, U* q! D9 {3 `
168. Nonviolent raids0 @2 X4 C+ y# g
169. Nonviolent air raids
7 j7 l; s6 [+ s/ Q6 f5 [9 q. H5 e6 B3 ` 170. Nonviolent invasion
( A6 u9 f/ V: g, x 171. Nonviolent interjection" B3 d) u) d( Q+ C, N
172. Nonviolent obstruction& _$ V/ p8 l: k, S0 W' m+ B# K
173. Nonviolent occupation2 j! L0 ]' u; h, ~% X
0 p* m: b7 m; _1 g9 gSocial Intervention- i' F& e/ r/ E/ }3 p- X5 J
174. Establishing new social patterns
( z4 b0 M( R2 H J' C! o9 ` Q3 J 175. Overloading of facilities
3 F: K( @' f6 d2 o7 B! E 176. Stall-in
# p, V8 Z; U, g+ t* a( i 177. Speak-in1 x& R0 X$ {" `4 D7 b$ g
178. Guerrilla theater+ ^: F5 `' B. X) a% }' }& E
179. Alternative social institutions
5 y+ o- {3 _; P 180. Alternative communication system
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+ q/ _8 C$ _ Q) A, p/ |Economic Intervention0 O$ y+ l5 U5 N% G$ P H- S0 ]
181. Reverse strike
# M, ]' R0 u7 Q6 s( s1 I( f. V( I 182. Stay-in strike
3 A' K+ L# P7 W6 ]; f- q 183. Nonviolent land seizure
8 ?+ G, \, n9 k3 B2 V 184. Defiance of blockades
: B/ [5 C0 G& N, v4 h5 r* p) y 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting( |( k/ q3 B1 }! Q) C
186. Preclusive purchasing
; ?, S' A/ _4 f+ i0 [% K/ ? 187. Seizure of assets
/ z! b3 f+ y+ o- }: M6 \ 188. Dumping
& K8 `0 Z8 P/ h; x: ? 189. Selective patronage
% ~# U+ L! ?& }1 S0 ?1 l 190. Alternative markets
! e7 `& K, g1 D" p% m" Z, D 191. Alternative transportation systems5 O* o U4 \% D" A. d. |, b; i$ Q
192. Alternative economic institutions4 Y$ e$ C& w/ t: m- `; |
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Political Intervention f5 ?; v& F* T
193. Overloading of administrative systems
1 Q$ h! B" I% a! G) G1 c& Y 194. Disclosing identities of secret agents
8 }8 u) X7 O/ G 195. Seeking imprisonment
$ `) Y, ?1 N( W, P8 d 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
; s! E Z$ h3 ?, S 197. Work-on without collaboration
( ]7 l3 z! P- p$ y* a7 D$ q- R 198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government) a0 b+ E1 M8 M- l+ _' q
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
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发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
