 鲜花( 240)  鸡蛋( 18)
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发表于 2016-7-3 17:52
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THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT PROTEST AND PERSUASION0 q5 _4 m2 \. p! H; ?9 a |
Formal Statements( K6 @1 g% f7 r; m
1. Public Speeches
3 B- w3 ?9 n, ?. f" ]: P) H" y! h 2. Letters of opposition or support; J5 [# k5 G& s l4 W
3. Declarations by organizations and institutions
$ Y9 X2 _$ V4 ] ?3 s 4. Signed public statements
5 Y% n4 V) c# L8 q8 f4 ^0 v; p# c5 n& U 5. Declarations of indictment and intention3 x* Q+ u$ t& a% x' S/ ]0 b w
6. Group or mass petitions s' r! R, _ k9 w
- S! K/ v2 }# X# y; v
Communications with a Wider Audience# o) M+ ]6 _2 i+ a) o
7. Slogans, caricatures, and symbols" g0 u# n% ]5 R' ^
8. Banners, posters, and displayed communications) v% n, i. g- O! _
9. Leaflets, pamphlets, and books$ x5 C: ]% J ?! A
10. Newspapers and journals
9 U" s. n- f9 H" {' m+ D 11. Records, radio, and television
3 h8 `% z9 d% E 12. Skywriting and earthwriting
* j1 q1 [' s9 a- |$ r* _# J) q; K y0 V+ I4 J8 i4 U; H# m+ Q
Group Representations+ i" B7 m: W1 G; R/ h
13. Deputations) ^, y/ n2 w* @
14. Mock awards
o0 a1 Z! a8 w/ H' F6 f7 x# y 15. Group lobbying
. }! O* X' C' h- ~3 H/ h2 j 16. Picketing0 }4 @3 ^+ K& U! a
17. Mock elections# p" R% p2 K$ u
5 F. L+ _7 E* K. d6 [+ }0 I" wSymbolic Public Acts
6 I! E0 R8 ~" n6 P8 Y 18. Displays of flags and symbolic colors. i% w1 O7 I. f/ r: g
19. Wearing of symbols
. X4 u) ^" B' b8 [; a3 q 20. Prayer and worship0 k3 j) h7 ?! E& _/ [4 [
21. Delivering symbolic objects5 K q: B5 h9 G- [4 i t
22. Protest disrobings
; w' C7 K9 m9 Z" w3 n# A; A& A 23. Destruction of own property5 I( E& s" d. c; Z b, F
24. Symbolic lights
' R2 X; I& L- N* V2 F 25. Displays of portraits* Y' X$ R4 t& P0 m0 q+ T
26. Paint as protest8 [5 s6 j: ^+ }4 T! ^- ?! P
27. New signs and names
0 k" d2 k" P6 t- t2 a& b; h 28. Symbolic sounds. z& a5 c! F3 I# X7 k/ {
29. Symbolic reclamations. S; f. H8 I# q6 c
30. Rude gestures$ W! [/ [* V- g% p ]1 k: U
7 x q+ f# l" p4 f( k. ]- ?9 Y3 S% B
Pressures on Individuals
- D. K- ?3 \5 ^. z 31. “Haunting” officials
7 N4 i$ |5 |3 F- x0 }/ i 32. Taunting officials- ]. K# W E# z' o1 }6 s( n# I
33. Fraternization- K) i3 L$ y$ h$ ]7 n
34. Vigils3 M$ N+ D4 V1 F
; ~2 [ |. }" _% L8 ~Drama and Music
$ L- }$ F, D# h% m, r- S# z 35. Humorous skits and pranks
6 v. O3 N* l/ G: L1 f' n+ w 36. Performances of plays and music
) ~: l }' ? }1 V0 j) I6 n- {: b 37. Singing* h W8 ~3 t& d2 e% x' p
& h6 I( }% H$ [5 jProcessions* J* y1 @; F2 K0 D4 V2 S1 X
38. Marches
4 O! k# j4 |+ V# r1 ] 39. Parades o: E. U8 t5 L
40. Religious processions
+ X. J" | R7 d/ |/ L- y6 o 41. Pilgrimages6 N2 _! G- a4 t6 O. n; B
42. Motorcades
: g" T8 g4 J y1 a' Q0 ~) {; P# [; U# }
Honoring the Dead( k! h! C" Y" S
43. Political mourning N6 z2 V! T1 j1 z/ [% Z
44. Mock funerals) d8 ~& C+ Y W5 K: d v8 I# x
45. Demonstrative funerals* M I% R% v7 U+ O5 D5 P, [
46. Homage at burial places
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Public Assemblies" `6 F) c% Z! Q1 A D d8 K9 D
47. Assemblies of protest or support; e+ V: J8 |$ f# P9 [ g8 V6 E
48. Protest meetings0 R9 j, [- J0 r
49. Camouflaged meetings of protest
" ~" b0 @7 _! j f, b 50. Teach-ins0 V! w6 H2 g, |9 t
: g. R3 ~3 w3 ~7 h1 U' NWithdrawal and Renunciation! g% t: U& {+ J) t: c, T- X- m
51. Walk-outs/ U6 c7 r3 f9 j( M8 Y+ A T. y# h
52. Silence" Z0 O% ?' Q q, k/ m! i" Y/ o$ ?3 w
53. Renouncing honors
8 f J% b j. Q5 J0 u! o 54. Turning one’s back
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1 c. r7 {( Y3 R8 P7 s/ t
* d0 `' P+ y' O# j" DTHE METHODS OF SOCIAL NONCOOPERATION
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/ `+ l: m/ ]" A: iOstracism of Persons
+ w/ x0 A' K# U5 {; E( ~ 55. Social boycott8 v, P9 ], s3 S A2 c8 B3 u' E! i
56. Selective social boycott
$ M# o9 ~$ O( h, E" n. | | 57. Lysistratic nonaction- ]8 H+ d2 B1 }8 }. q9 a# J
58. Excommunication: f8 j* p' X8 m5 @
59. Interdict
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% l, [; p9 ]% ]3 NNoncooperation with Social Events, Customs, and Institutions) y; N4 Y! Q8 q# B* e; t6 b: D
60. Suspension of social and sports activities
9 K. S6 J8 S- s" E' j 61. Boycott of social affairs
4 _* T3 p8 G- b4 k3 T* Y { 62. Student strike2 R8 I$ E$ o" F( ?! A' i
63. Social disobedience
5 P1 v1 j3 G5 @) z. o3 f 64. Withdrawal from social institutions5 i! h; N% P6 p" W3 ?9 m( z
6 z. R( _6 t( @9 l3 I3 ^5 eWithdrawal from the Social System& D& ^ k* w$ ]" M* ]
65. Stay-at-home
5 V' ?$ B. \6 {$ P7 O 66. Total personal noncooperation
, A; D) p+ q. f0 q, w/ z& z. F. ? 67. “Flight” of workers
( j" [4 S7 ~- G% U. S* [+ E 68. Sanctuary+ e- _: c+ r0 U6 c* |, E
69. Collective disappearance
3 q& v. U2 V1 m6 Q 70. Protest emigration (hijrat): U, w3 `) d/ A C# R
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THE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: ECONOMIC BOYCOTTS9 v4 W1 P6 S+ k" ]$ f6 G: X
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Actions by Consumers. ^: z$ t7 u T0 d
71. Consumers’ boycott
' q: P* P! K7 }. c. d3 N' z: ^ 72. Nonconsumption of boycotted goods8 L* G" U! h, t, S
73. Policy of austerity
9 M7 b. {7 w. K6 _: r7 _ 74. Rent withholding
& L* C! X) z+ j2 g1 U 75. Refusal to rent
7 s7 J- i& Y# w! d2 {5 z1 P 76. National consumers’ boycott; l4 L: r' l$ C s3 W* W
77. International consumers’ boycott
3 J+ b$ l W* S* H7 J5 g# T7 v
0 v, H" \) J0 r9 {& H' s4 @Action by Workers and Producers
( F0 ]. C9 a, i; ?. u3 l 78. Workmen’s boycott' }6 _7 z0 A2 C6 ~/ ^' E2 K
79. Producers’ boycott
( h/ d5 y9 Z. R" R3 Q! B. ?; F2 O7 m Z" T. |+ d
Action by Middlemen
3 l2 D ?9 X& X3 H- G 80. Suppliers’ and handlers’ boycott- K N: w% N" h% z
: G" z4 E* r# y# u2 I9 ]8 s H
Action by Owners and Management
4 z! Y" s6 i5 n6 F5 _% ` 81. Traders’ boycott- ]# G/ y/ V) G( B* b5 Z( k& H
82. Refusal to let or sell property
j1 g0 K6 y$ l/ z! c C; n7 z5 {* G 83. Lockout! M5 S% z: }- E$ Z
84. Refusal of industrial assistance9 O7 X7 Y1 t! O/ C0 a. r
85. Merchants’ “general strike”
9 C7 _3 A3 _. _9 z3 t- ?2 q7 L* \4 S% k0 }/ v7 y7 F# ] Z- W
Action by Holders of Financial Resources# S0 T5 _& A$ F+ Z% W
86. Withdrawal of bank deposits
4 b5 Z9 d3 L5 Z& Z/ g 87. Refusal to pay fees, dues, and assessments
' \2 L8 N* d Y; d$ ^2 S2 F 88. Refusal to pay debts or interest
) n$ ~* f9 o, L4 C 89. Severance of funds and credit$ P5 D5 m+ t9 V9 J4 H, ]
90. Revenue refusal
8 n- I' L# r/ d8 R% O2 n% s 91. Refusal of a government’s money
9 c) ?% q5 i3 B Q+ A* J7 [- ~9 g# W4 b" [$ ?' N0 K8 o3 |. \
Action by Governments7 T% R& F; ^3 B2 N4 h: n7 k
92. Domestic embargo& h; l4 c9 f* F$ z/ h( v
93. Blacklisting of traders
^. T6 k" n6 F$ X1 M2 l1 N6 X 94. International sellers’ embargo
& M6 G k' }7 o2 q {4 `# g' q 95. International buyers’ embargo
* m l* t* `. B 96. International trade embargo! f1 j0 _9 \, I) m" ]- ?# X
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6 i+ u. r& r: d( m! mTHE METHODS OF ECONOMIC NONCOOPERATION: THE STRIKE
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" h S* X5 C+ N- \! ~' j 8 Z5 p! E6 v" d+ ]0 e6 Z6 I% o8 D
Symbolic Strikes& M- p/ K. k0 c0 V
97. Protest strike
" ^( {, F- ]- w) `- z" J' K' f 98. Quickie walkout (lightning strike)
# t% L* ^/ h2 F0 R7 W5 G" x2 a7 f6 }. a0 i* E
Agricultural Strikes
% i$ ^% E% S' `# k; h7 e 99. Peasant strike# L3 \/ l" T% _: U
100. Farm Workers’ strike
$ ?5 j- F, H. L ~/ O
+ l/ x G" J5 q! [Strikes by Special Groups
8 |, u. d. X$ h5 `% P 101. Refusal of impressed labor
7 p- S3 [* N% L1 y) f 102. Prisoners’ strike: B2 b& V5 d6 u ~
103. Craft strike' g1 k% d6 q4 j- e I! F$ z" I
104. Professional strike
4 R( ~; t- \. j
% z! C3 p! X6 F! c: A0 oOrdinary Industrial Strikes
2 E2 }( T. @( J5 R$ K+ [2 C3 k 105. Establishment strike
" I1 j. A0 l' }5 _0 n- T 106. Industry strike% ~, B2 z" k. t- Y; q9 m
107. Sympathetic strike- k' f8 e$ m/ n! g- S
- m0 o" F7 c+ |/ n! j7 gRestricted Strikes' `* Q! E' r. O/ r* F+ K3 M
108. Detailed strike
. {8 @) B5 k9 x 109. Bumper strike
7 h* S! {( p$ P, V 110. Slowdown strike
" B' L" ~, g6 ? 111. Working-to-rule strike
' E: C9 d7 M2 p% S% O5 i 112. Reporting “sick” (sick-in)2 ]# C- Z G* w0 L- H( O
113. Strike by resignation
6 t" Y, t5 T8 \; Y: ?8 l" z; K 114. Limited strike
3 M I! Q7 v s, y5 U5 N 115. Selective strike* _- u7 Q+ A$ w7 g b7 T7 Z# c+ x
5 R1 X: ^& k3 t0 n
Multi-Industry Strikes
! Q. m3 q& H& l) X% M' i2 A
1 E% {7 P3 R6 r8 M6 b3 t: g 116. Generalized strike1 d" f% y) B( M) _. x1 b# R
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117. General strike
7 z+ A0 b0 a' r8 m0 [! K1 v( \5 n8 {7 J
Combination of Strikes and Economic Closures
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118. Hartal
; A6 G2 z8 X) I7 t! b& \/ \& O1 F0 l+ U4 @) ^
119. Economic shutdown
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THE METHODS OF POLITICAL NONCOOPERATION
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3 c$ N& e" ^6 }/ y0 d
Rejection of Authority7 [% V/ @# j1 C! @; C4 g
120. Withholding or withdrawal of allegiance
4 x. A1 @3 p K$ v 121. Refusal of public support
! g/ M- L( F) i9 V 122. Literature and speeches advocating resistance
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Citizens’ Noncooperation with Government, S; P$ ?/ t! l
123. Boycott of legislative bodies+ T1 K' u) ?: j! j' j
124. Boycott of elections
3 |7 Y8 k+ M# x C; j 125. Boycott of government employment and positions1 r, P3 ]* q0 `7 f- [9 j) x
126. Boycott of government depts., agencies, and other bodies
0 z: {& H; J7 j: o" s* U 127. Withdrawal from government educational institutions$ t( W: ?6 }- f3 X
128. Boycott of government-supported organizations
7 r# U/ _- w8 y" K$ U' f 129. Refusal of assistance to enforcement agents
( K0 F, j% C w 130. Removal of own signs and placemarks
; l! l9 r! g9 k5 {3 G9 r 131. Refusal to accept appointed officials4 X% e6 ^$ \5 n8 L j2 S& v$ ^
132. Refusal to dissolve existing institutions
+ E/ O0 M" K1 o H4 j6 y" e! `: P0 P1 D
Citizens’ Alternatives to Obedience
0 B s, a% T6 [# f* Y 133. Reluctant and slow compliance1 K: o K5 y" e0 k
134. Nonobedience in absence of direct supervision; Y$ T& t8 s; o( K: T/ g
135. Popular nonobedience8 j1 d% b1 `$ q$ \9 W
136. Disguised disobedience9 S: S. g0 u. C
137. Refusal of an assemblage or meeting to disperse
- ~' v8 t) W- \; B, O, X- q( Y, A9 O 138. Sitdown" [9 Z' ^2 y6 f& _% r
139. Noncooperation with conscription and deportation
3 Y. V$ K4 s3 X 140. Hiding, escape, and false identities
( n5 ^) ^5 J2 \3 E4 w, G3 V 141. Civil disobedience of “illegitimate” laws+ ~! ^; a7 l) z- m9 K
! @0 c U% h( P- a. bAction by Government Personnel b4 Z3 s- [" U- U+ t E
142. Selective refusal of assistance by government aides7 c8 b% d; C1 |3 b# Z
143. Blocking of lines of command and information
) ]$ {' c$ |0 D, r* F 144. Stalling and obstruction+ G* a$ P i, x
145. General administrative noncooperation9 p1 j/ B7 p e, O x
7 p" N$ _7 r y$ k 146. Judicial noncooperation
* f. N3 L2 \/ F+ x$ ` 147. Deliberate inefficiency and selective noncooperation by enforcement agents/ l% g+ }: _. F. Q, `8 T' f
148. Mutiny
5 C% C* @, A& u ~" ]1 z3 iDomestic Governmental Action3 L/ @0 T4 {4 a! W4 S
149. Quasi-legal evasions and delays6 Z& D! I% t' o$ \+ L3 Y0 L+ k
150. Noncooperation by constituent governmental units6 P1 s/ W i$ M3 C- h. s* h% K
! g6 E* ~* M+ I/ }% j
International Governmental Action/ h% D+ c4 X8 Z2 F, d. L) _) @
151. Changes in diplomatic and other representations# B) d3 ^9 x8 F0 @+ `2 P
152. Delay and cancellation of diplomatic events6 `" u1 }# e1 A) p
153. Withholding of diplomatic recognition% _1 p. j. R6 p0 X
154. Severance of diplomatic relations
" L1 K+ K" K2 r! W2 }, t 155. Withdrawal from international organizations3 ^6 `1 G% `0 B0 F# l
156. Refusal of membership in international bodies1 Q1 Z3 d5 ]7 a# `
157. Expulsion from international organizations
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: x9 k, i& S/ w* c7 F0 W% {* w
THE METHODS OF NONVIOLENT INTERVENTION. K+ K8 r1 H! k; D
/ |& a' h% x; a# X 3 a5 P* ?# k! |/ m
Psychological Intervention
' t7 l9 R# {. v/ x; n: L! J 158. Self-exposure to the elements9 t k9 c5 o9 a- f$ }* i0 A, L0 |, m
159. The fast
6 D7 g5 y0 s! @) M- @& |4 o2 _ a) Fast of moral pressure7 c. L5 w3 \0 c, F1 i5 Y4 C
b) Hunger strike
7 O( k' R, I# z' V c) Satyagrahic fast s( ?# A! o' }( `; f6 p* {
160. Reverse trial2 m; c) y+ Z7 ^2 N9 i% P, I
161. Nonviolent harassment6 A/ o% A1 L4 j% ]+ @3 ^$ j
) K' l; X3 k+ H5 d. Q* K) A; D: h2 RPhysical Intervention7 L, F9 Y7 g8 Q: S
162. Sit-in" V0 q1 |- L% x* C! H
163. Stand-in
8 [, Z- V2 L0 D/ @ c& q/ V5 { 164. Ride-in, o( w# q, Z% H
165. Wade-in5 c: L, o" a+ o. C- j3 x
166. Mill-in
' F5 e7 \: T' Z! y* r- _3 x 167. Pray-in
5 P. \, L& [# Y* D6 L9 H2 | 168. Nonviolent raids
; E1 t6 _8 S x4 ?' _# g( q9 [0 r 169. Nonviolent air raids
1 l1 ^- u' a m, K" S, y0 t 170. Nonviolent invasion
+ M, ~- w5 P! D! z 171. Nonviolent interjection; |' s2 \( j* b% I( |
172. Nonviolent obstruction: g# l5 i$ q3 s# T8 i9 D# x
173. Nonviolent occupation5 \ k, X }: j' f# @# f7 E4 }
) ?0 l2 C5 O3 _8 w" ISocial Intervention
8 g3 H! h: F- J' O 174. Establishing new social patterns
3 r" z1 x/ o: W5 R. Y4 u* ?- T# C 175. Overloading of facilities/ U. \: ^, u1 T* q
176. Stall-in J3 \4 ~% a0 \0 |3 _- E2 i+ l8 b) U
177. Speak-in& U6 b* V+ H+ y# u
178. Guerrilla theater
- \; m4 _' C A# ]9 C. J 179. Alternative social institutions& f k: j6 d& [2 x6 T9 W+ o
180. Alternative communication system! `' c& o& j0 X; V+ `! z0 x
" d$ y- y3 x) n* K( bEconomic Intervention
/ [5 T- U1 I& i' x9 D+ Q w 181. Reverse strike
- i# Q% H) ], T7 ]! _5 `( O 182. Stay-in strike
, G" i9 ]- \8 s0 _5 ~/ m 183. Nonviolent land seizure
" B8 P, {4 e. l 184. Defiance of blockades
0 u T* l( o8 i6 }: U: `) ~ 185. Politically motivated counterfeiting
9 r- E; u" D# t& o( p0 } 186. Preclusive purchasing
3 d% C! ~/ N3 F5 I$ G! F" a 187. Seizure of assets
9 ^/ }! O8 X8 N( P7 {) r 188. Dumping
/ O7 Z9 A. Q# B! d8 @( d+ u/ H/ R 189. Selective patronage1 R" F3 P4 Z7 M: v
190. Alternative markets( }0 `1 a$ x& a7 ^3 `
191. Alternative transportation systems
, L1 Z" N; P, f0 S2 H 192. Alternative economic institutions8 p/ y* S+ s# E2 r/ ?# i
8 a. `* a; u4 ]; r2 e% n9 _Political Intervention5 _9 L* f; p y7 v( q ?8 Y
193. Overloading of administrative systems: x ]! Z4 O3 o) T
194. Disclosing identities of secret agents1 X" A+ c: j+ g
195. Seeking imprisonment
2 i% C d, R8 k; u8 J2 E- u5 { 196. Civil disobedience of “neutral” laws
, j. J$ v7 ~5 M5 S 197. Work-on without collaboration2 Z" V7 s& j5 A5 K& v
198. Dual sovereignty and parallel government
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楼主: reneeqq
狗仔卡
显身卡
发表于 2016-7-2 18:23
发表于 2016-7-2 22:02
