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缘分”是所谓命中注定的人与人遇合的机缘。英译“缘分”(亦作“天缘”)以及“有缘”、“无缘”常用的英文词有fate, luck, lot, destiny 等。请看几个例子:. B: ]& z8 l# N& W0 m
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1.富贵功名,前缘分定。(《西游记》)7 n" Y! i$ J$ Y- y Q
( c8 A* \* \ ^9 i7 L: d0 }6 w1 {Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate. (W.J.F. Jenner 译)
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) j8 B# K6 ?4 {5 P# P; ^2.[宝玉问香菱为何薛蟠相亲定下了金桂,香菱笑道] 一则是天缘,二来是“情人眼里出西施”(《红楼梦》)
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It‘s partly fate, and partly a case of "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder."(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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Q/ I6 [5 l! G. \& ?* ~7 W" Z3.[王婆为了撮合西门庆和潘金莲,故意问前者是不是妻子死后,没有别的女人他中意的。西门庆争辩说]做甚么了便没?只恨我夫妻缘分上薄,自不撞着!(《水浒》)
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6 a0 p2 y$ s1 ^+ K" ?, C8 TWho says there isn‘t? It‘s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I‘ve never met the right one. (S. Shapiro 译)0 B7 w% y3 e0 ^6 q4 W9 p0 }
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4.她无缘,小生薄命。 (《西厢记》) $ I! U5 Y# H/ ?4 W
9 M$ i: w1 M* ]% a$ [9 |/ WShe lacks the karma; I‘m out of luck. (S. H. L. Idema 译)/ ?( {( `: D$ O7 v5 W; g" ]
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5.[刘备送别徐庶时说]备分浅缘薄,不能与先生相聚。(《三国演义》)
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My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.( M. Robers 译)! V6 x/ g+ t* h
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6.[杜慎卿向季苇萧诉说自己没有知心朋友]只为缘悭分浅,遇不着一个知己,所以对月伤怀,临风洒泪!(《儒林外史》)
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But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy! (杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)
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7.君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人乌有此福。如有缘,再世可相聚耳。(《聊斋.宦娘》)
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You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other‘s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me, ^6 B' W u% ~2 w/ V7 h
}: R3 i+ ^* jsuch blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life. (D.C. & V. H Mair 译)
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7 Q; Y- ]1 M' L* [9 b8.[方鸿渐看不中张小姐,心中暗说]“我你他”小姐,咱们没有“举碗[案]齐眉”的缘分,希望另有好运气的人来爱上您。 (《围城》) b3 [* x7 W8 h6 l/ c3 W. N
7 B7 j3 O# E, ~5 {. l5 g2 w. EMiss Wo-Ni-Ta, we just weren‘t meant to "raise the bowl To the eyebrows." I hope some other lucky guy falls in love5 ?2 _2 Y4 `( ^/ a6 J M \
" r7 W) W& w/ s' e# T7 L- \with you. (J. Kelly、 N. K. Mao 译)6 ~ K1 p' V1 E$ g4 r) I
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可以看出,以上句子里的中心词都含有“命运”的意识,英译亦然。《围城》一例所mean,据New World Dictionary 等词典的解释也有 to destine or seem to destine 的意思,颇为妥帖。9 t* F, p$ E. R
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然而,“缘分”等词和命运的关联在有的用法里变得淡化了,甚至完全消失了。它只是泛指一种机遇或者机会。所以M. Roberts翻译《三国演义》的以下两句,用的词语和上边英译句子中的相应部分不同:
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9.[刘备二顾草芦时误认诸葛均为为诸葛亮,说]备久慕先生,无缘拜会。7 a/ r6 M$ @3 ~! u$ N7 C$ u
, b8 y: E3 J1 i4 R& U+ T0 n7 D ZYour talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.2 O$ ]5 `# l0 t$ L+ c
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不仅如此,这种机遇还可以发生在人和事物之间。体育报道里说的“无缘(进入)决赛(be barred from entering the finals; be disqualified for the finals) 即其一例。《浮生六记》的作者沈复(字三白)因妻子陈芸喜欢李白和白居易的诗,就跟她说:
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3 ^8 v( h$ g, Y11.异哉!李太白是知己,白乐天是启蒙师,余适逢字三白,为卿婿;卿与“白”字何其有缘耶?" \% U2 q. }! I4 }" P6 F% f Z
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This is very strange. So LiBai is your bosom friend, Bai Juyi is your first tutor and yours band‘s literary name is Sanbai. It seems
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% A* M; t) Y l Hthat your life is always bound up with the Bai‘s. (林语堂 译) |
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