 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, M. r$ R) A! n7 ]; _3 RInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 B$ d3 n& K. l; O4 s" i; {syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,5 [& m2 @; P, e2 ^3 c! v$ Z) p( w
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial) ]9 f; Y( t a" e; n( n
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 }! u) I# P( s* N- u2 j
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ T p o( T8 C8 l1 SA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& n/ M3 O. x7 ]9 l E[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 I5 @3 {6 q9 `8 O8 [(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
% l7 ^4 W: u9 |5 {, `% H# xretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on# H% v* r! s" Z( S: ]. [3 ]8 w
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 k. V: w; q- b! a9 A. D1 w% N(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two8 P9 D) T, J$ \. ?8 P8 Y1 g
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( K4 |& X4 o& P& O, @semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ F, i4 ]; p: G i7 Z- Aend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In+ a- ~- k! \( E
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
8 c+ @7 ?8 h: w$ ]% i0 j' Dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
$ g- f N; a5 i- @1 }
$ x' b0 H/ s3 `. p(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ {7 o% e8 `0 `$ i+ jand American speakers of English, |
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