 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; n: _ D$ [/ d; M
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
$ X8 v9 o6 E3 Ssyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,7 {) r. g# N. F( k% f
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. b6 l3 H2 q6 G' k1 o(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of) {' F2 f1 w! X) H- d
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. P. l" u: J0 sA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=( L, b* m8 [6 Y; B
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
, w6 d9 v; _3 @3 @" A(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- O2 ]0 C6 x: h) Z# jretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on6 \' K' g) v$ ~' w. o% D
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) X7 A* d$ i$ z3 r# ~(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
. v, u3 K9 ~6 ]- h, }: Asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- ~: V5 d( ^8 F/ w6 _/ }9 o, P
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.$ z" j0 R5 |( o+ n. \( n
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 k. X. U( R/ {: Q+ t
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,7 r3 A$ |) k& a/ x
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
5 H' L+ O6 D, x! X
& Y% _' L0 `9 r3 f# `' Y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; o% M7 Y/ h* o9 z$ nand American speakers of English, |
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