 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The/ ^! O1 o6 v# b1 T( y. c% a$ q) Q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: E) q' t1 a! P) {+ y
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
5 Y- m. c- f% e8 z! ]and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
% M, ?' b' p7 N6 s(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, T K8 N" }* B1 _' u) A& ^. l
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
) f( l9 i: E& Y/ W: EA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
5 P2 l1 ] d |& F1 `[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
Q4 a0 F: B* q) `. n(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving' l# S) A$ ?' s/ I
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
7 w& Z9 w: Q0 X+ g* |- m/ ?5 jpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset" S: D1 M% o2 q0 X# J' D1 }' [
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
( k j8 q g" ^ n) P4 _" \- ssegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 }& F. ?7 s! W9 }. gsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
' N: W3 j2 ~& k) Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In3 }. T0 T& Z$ Z' j) W6 ? Z
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
* h" e; v" I `3 u8 x* @6 w9 athe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
1 c" | V `. y/ Z4 p( E5 u
) a* Z1 p. T. B" H* V( u d(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)- y1 Q7 F* o) d j
and American speakers of English, |
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