 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ K0 u) R* ?% [4 t/ n. a
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ ]4 }! M. |) w! e: l& Qsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,5 l2 H! f' i q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! t) U0 o9 P' u3 t% i# C
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: R$ i* h7 L$ W
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: {8 @& ~$ {9 ]9 O5 e/ o& OA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=! w( i4 V0 q- _$ ^$ B: E$ J
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
0 \0 A) h* X5 n b(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
* Y+ o. V+ m& v3 i9 ]# Gretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ V z3 \7 y7 Z9 Zpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# _7 j+ k/ P2 F7 w% c3 o1 t# Q
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
& d' O7 s) q# k, u' Y. asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, }; E( c/ v) F- V: ^! Xsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.0 L! `, u/ o0 i+ K/ ?
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
* J" Z3 H5 c j: D7 h( tcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
( ~ X* B+ n- Cthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
1 m: N S: [7 {* ?
$ z1 R8 X& F0 _(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)% m m! I3 A* V7 s# o! z
and American speakers of English, |
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