 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. _1 v' m8 k! D9 j, k2 i: v
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ }( @, N1 f+ a' ~6 O; s& G+ A( Psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 G% e9 x% F; e2 d) J" C4 Nand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
6 b2 [8 C ^* i3 v( ^% y, g(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of! i/ M8 c) h( y
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).4 G* w% q6 B! U9 e- a
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
( R7 N0 G0 @/ b[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]( R- D3 ] H9 ]
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving( ?* ^$ w+ r# t
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on' u: y' b( C! X5 o1 D5 L! x9 q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset' X5 o! K9 ]# v& _
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
3 J& [- T, I( C( ~6 x4 [! ~segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a8 b' H+ A3 @ Z9 ]- `0 K
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.. L6 O5 p; w( D+ r1 t
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# h e& N. a' j; N
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 Q/ M! o, k/ W. S1 D/ N8 l- W3 jthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ [( K' _% S- W3 M" X- |: s1 x) ~
' `$ \6 d1 i5 H. m(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ Q6 F {7 z: \/ @2 t" Y
and American speakers of English, |
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