 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
& Y" h) F6 V& [. q: A nInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the7 z2 L/ q6 q$ i/ T! x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in, q# [0 E$ l. P( y
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! W+ s+ F2 n0 a. \+ M4 ?- Z
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of; h- L3 j) `, r
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).& R* |: e6 H O- O
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=7 [; |+ E! `8 G9 h, z
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
' c1 m7 w4 _. n(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) W; c' w( g3 ^ h3 M/ {retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on1 f6 l, K; E$ u$ X
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
# c' V* s0 q$ X7 i(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( l- d. ]. d0 _
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ r1 [0 _) u: e" k( I# w
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
, g" m" p- F N( @* h6 j& J- yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In; Q% N k% h% `2 l! C/ E. b6 a' M
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ W- l" Q2 h* f' B9 V5 gthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
: `2 S* i1 Y! _: W. O) K
7 o V! R4 M. x" W2 J(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! O( o( Q+ C' l% t5 A" q& g2 Mand American speakers of English, |
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