 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
. s" w. t# n4 {- G- Q5 \Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
; e; t5 q H6 h6 Z( y4 p$ ?( \9 C! usyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
% D# j& w4 |$ X5 e4 rand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial5 Q) f( w1 J! J0 w) r& A
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
2 m! U% S# f& T) r/ Oretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 I; T, a& a4 f5 B! ~3 u8 }6 UA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
4 `9 \! V" _ [1 c[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]" J. @7 h1 y$ d1 V
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving0 S1 a. e1 l+ |5 O4 ?
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on) |7 C N- d9 a- c, ?! ?6 L* j
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset. E7 K! m% f5 T2 L
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- V w: B9 Q! o, e" Qsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ a2 i" V, p& s+ N7 [9 l2 d
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
/ p3 x ]! q0 z7 c( O# eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In' Z8 ~+ ^# F6 `* e& E1 T6 ^5 P
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,% s2 F) s' P7 d9 k
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ b6 c- B6 ?1 v9 p9 t2 H4 [' d9 Q
2 i+ v1 i% u7 K* ~% d; W r) {
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& A3 W0 ?. m" j: z
and American speakers of English, |
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