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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& @2 I K7 d! w5 v3 ]% C+ g+ k9 [, [
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: g* n( Q, |4 [0 R) e/ T" h; Osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
2 f3 x) H" S2 c$ ~, I- dand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial8 L! B' z' q$ H; Y3 ^
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 ]) J( c, K4 y2 Y: X% {' mretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" c0 P/ E% @& BA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=3 K7 {$ K- u0 ?) W2 K# {' j- \
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
- B) b5 t$ g4 }2 S1 r# J(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
! p8 p6 O% y! Z( x5 Yretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
# k* [5 q1 V& P) |, W bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
" `- Z" a5 ?2 i(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 J/ o; X) e) B; asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a0 \- \9 M& w, q
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.0 S: f9 H7 _# |* {7 F: K% ]
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In- o1 v6 b0 Q1 l9 z! f- v1 I" B" ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 j% y* N- r7 F) A# t* X A! w
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
. {/ o3 f m: L3 M2 E+ I# b2 U' \" d; ^
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! d; a6 e; W1 o+ \and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
