 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
* V3 K4 u& Z& u' @Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
! P+ T" Q* c! w1 R$ G. Psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in," { r2 o. Z- h( Z9 V
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, j& c# ?2 x4 |- K$ ]& z; f7 m: p(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 `) p) }) p, W( q( c: F; [* ~; P
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" c& H1 G* K) P6 ^' KA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=( v1 W" `7 J+ _0 S( _9 K( {+ E
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]! I$ Z6 _, l2 [$ G! ?, n: L. `
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
5 P2 x) H: B+ T4 Q/ ?retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ g) e1 Z8 @% r; [* tpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset; t0 d5 b" W9 W: u& i
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two. C5 I- i# \# H- ?" p' e- F1 H
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
1 l+ b, R- S8 T# ^9 Ksemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ q& L# ~; D4 eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
( H/ v0 h% E* c3 y f" m4 mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,' E# T5 Z: F$ y8 b
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ @0 U. {: N1 b6 e0 ~" m7 \# r0 j: c' u( H4 P6 }* @
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)4 f$ H v4 x5 h+ F1 R& X
and American speakers of English, |
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