 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The( {, F6 V: _# Q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
# m! z o; `* @syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
/ C0 |' [( s0 l- Y' W5 [; ]and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial' P9 @/ D: B1 c7 R, q! }9 j
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of+ N5 P: c/ I6 f! o" G7 b: K
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., o% Y2 e1 @! U9 l+ i q2 U
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
; g, K/ @. f7 M% [, B7 p[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" d! Q* z* W. O(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* C. [8 } w# R0 G* x' J
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on: Y3 c5 F$ Q, c. ?, H
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
9 ]/ c' H3 Z5 t& b! k7 o(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 k l) }) P% E/ W `% I3 Rsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a0 D& ^( ~- z% |, f. ?1 ~
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.0 |: Q& b& d3 H8 t! x+ ?6 s5 S; b
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
- R* e6 A/ i4 S0 E) E/ F @* Vcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,+ r0 j- A/ n# [ B* S* |8 e9 z# K
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
9 I3 d$ ]5 R# X; h, e" O
O- C. w; `) c# j(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
. I2 N8 @4 t9 N, r2 W/ ?; }5 yand American speakers of English, |
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