 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
( R* l9 ~3 q* rInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 A4 k0 g4 i; _- c7 e/ R9 O
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,* Q, C" ^4 k0 p
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial. z- o+ C. e- ^! Y
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
3 U1 E) L6 Z6 x+ ?! Z. I! Aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ _8 s* Z [/ r m5 P+ [( x2 q& }. F
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=( K: s1 u8 X# }8 d. q
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
$ A! Q7 l7 g/ f(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving5 N% R8 A; f# O; o E# V
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
% v. S! r% k0 z" I. ~possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset2 b6 z$ @. q. e
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
, W% R0 K; Q( B* @9 U0 b& ]5 _segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
+ _- q. y) y( v" ^* Lsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: W' t: c% ^* X
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
/ H. ], W* J1 I# w; @+ a, i8 Lcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
' d) `' \, \+ N7 E, Q- lthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..1 S6 P! e6 f5 q, K- Q( _6 `$ g% N
0 ~2 a* v, M ]$ \/ X* u! ?' ^, L
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch); M7 P/ u, s- F* f. m( J# }
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
