 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. `# K2 a2 h6 ^; t
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
+ @/ v+ w4 @$ v/ ?! ]% I; ?. Jsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,8 F' r D+ A) ~" w
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial( m7 m) {2 `; V4 G( i, T1 Y
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
" U3 `' _; Q! d g/ i- |. Z1 \retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
; @* E$ F4 l) C/ ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) j) H. l7 ?+ @
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]; W) L, M q& m$ }$ h
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
& S% L$ i, g) `; wretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on" M# Y2 b8 y- j4 F$ d* {% d0 Y# S
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
, n* J- U0 X0 e. D% h(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
' A- f {8 B% J. dsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
8 w, r( |) d4 A. Q2 E9 s9 esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 ?; @, ?6 W f5 b1 I9 _1 c$ i
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 \& q4 A: ?6 u7 z9 i! H4 G* v
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
* _( Z; u; s: X4 l' n5 J/ X: Tthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 `/ P; i6 ]) k2 E% p0 ]
2 A- b; O9 m0 u
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ R3 Y2 m7 s& M* P r7 w+ Band American speakers of English, |
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