 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The* K8 \: J* ?. z% _! r8 N* Q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the8 p, x, y; i; y
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,: z. ^+ P' ?5 E' X' Z( ~
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" P0 m- w; e, k; t0 z9 F3 s( ~
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of/ P7 n0 s+ G5 V) L7 [0 w
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: q2 B' G9 {7 @7 j( sA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* W. @1 B% _% ^ M- F) p[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]/ o9 T1 g* m! k% D8 g( M
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# m. o3 T( K4 d, ~' w6 w
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 j9 j- e, D! s( ypossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset& q) q5 y2 S6 K* m
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two# ]# d& u/ |( ~& G) O
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a3 @% k; d) b& \3 l( z
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.: I1 Z' B8 A8 i5 R6 E
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
. y' [) F/ e! I$ G, G. A7 ?( Ucompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
; {0 p: t7 ]" w( ]: d# \the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..1 X& W& Z9 g! [( Z; v; i) ]
i) B0 D3 U0 b1 Q! w! s5 |(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
; D1 d2 L+ v+ @0 qand American speakers of English, |
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