 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The5 r" h% [9 d) [5 B
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
" i2 w2 u, k3 ksyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- g( E7 s5 E4 m/ U* Z. ?
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
4 r% o% X! k% |" V+ @2 O3 a(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
2 ~0 X @' r" p8 C/ aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 _) b& P2 Y. O% R; i C( `A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 U! R5 i/ P+ B9 b0 q[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]2 q- n c9 o1 q4 a
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
8 g( F* E2 i9 [retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ Z K4 ]4 f: qpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset* N& m2 t3 U$ J! S' P6 p! y' ?# g
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two9 v N$ X Y. ]3 n+ y6 z6 Z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, D4 s1 ~" X# r, ssemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
& H8 c: M. p* }7 cend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In8 f# E( a* N" g' N9 g# \5 ]6 ~
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! Y" F* q9 m" N& h' i
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
$ H* W4 {: t) N2 Q; D( \' N
9 y5 [' q7 Z' e6 h& n5 X6 ^ o4 E$ l: \(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)9 e' w5 I1 x. q, ]3 }5 I9 H
and American speakers of English, |
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