 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
0 n$ p5 B2 X \ r- A! E( }Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the# P4 C. r+ D+ m8 l
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
1 Z* o l h& h; q( @- hand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial8 F! ^; e3 |, l
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 W$ A+ E) U- f7 u2 P k
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).$ F6 d6 B9 z& Q; O4 O7 M9 ^' X9 P
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=4 z8 X6 B, k- w9 L) u" {& ?
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. V! V* s k0 C) Q1 N6 E(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
8 ]& Y& T7 `3 o. Uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on5 U# V/ B! M2 F6 [+ Z& Q1 v; n5 z4 a
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
. X% b2 g& D) @; d( F2 j' W(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two! W1 r( _) N9 v4 ` q- K
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
* [: R" T& D: J; q z6 usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.1 C6 V5 V& ]6 s: x" _" `2 m, ^
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In! p6 t! ~7 R& S: K
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) O& v8 k2 c+ l4 a, m8 j" U4 @the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..# C( F# D& z, |5 z' ]
" N% v: H8 b$ ](source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
7 Y; t3 h- c x2 n' c* H( T% gand American speakers of English, |
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