 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The4 Y7 c G! Q3 Q1 f
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
9 n% ^ C' @% `0 y( k4 g& Y/ x- e: wsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,4 E+ y& u- g+ ^# t$ B6 `
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial3 H8 u4 c5 z# R
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
+ y3 f8 S3 @& O3 F; V# xretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( D0 B4 P$ Z6 y- f( N# j) D* {
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 W. A9 k( i1 t/ f9 A! u9 G5 y
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
: O, p. I5 Q! q2 `! h- c(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
$ n7 n+ g$ L: g$ Rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on5 |9 T+ r N$ r# j6 {6 ^) f$ u0 V
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
5 s8 w& s) ^: V% [1 b9 e(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two: j+ W8 A0 ?4 l ~5 \
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
2 Y# }$ ]# i/ w1 \& F; nsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
q: ^# x3 {; dend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 V0 L p* y- @/ Z1 u
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! O" m C# z' n0 k; V8 U2 j$ b6 y( Y
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
- A# h) w$ g: o4 @: V
+ [1 L) E9 A% G: d+ x0 d% U' Z2 P$ o(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ l/ J% z' @$ E, E' b! r4 fand American speakers of English, |
|