 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
7 w, M* H% l6 P+ ^- PInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the3 s! w$ O$ e% O1 R5 | p5 N
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; ]2 H, Y' L5 i5 e- ?and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial* h; S) {' \% {
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of* h% w2 F# Q$ ?# S' t1 s* U8 x
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& G t6 H, A+ n* ]) nA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: R$ q, J4 L" c+ k' D[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]1 W% q( f7 d1 ?: D5 @
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
6 c/ i1 W6 z- [7 ^: hretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
8 ^& \* u4 d* z7 r0 Npossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
0 _: g- G7 d; k. K' [, ? D) }(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two2 V- @. r/ Y, S2 ~$ O9 x: |2 X
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a+ V u4 Q( w! J! l2 ^0 U3 i
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
/ Z) |! |3 u3 g# f) Y( D3 d# yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
& r) ? d' d1 c. w2 P! \: k9 M: w& xcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,3 u3 }! V$ L+ i9 \2 H
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
" V4 X' ~$ C( u2 Y( ]7 f: W- s& u+ x
% `9 P! R+ N2 L' j' u5 m1 D# Z(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ _) b7 o% l6 u/ Pand American speakers of English, |
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