 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
7 k4 P& j% V6 ?! l( c* d+ gInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
& m8 T! |0 H. Esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
" ]5 L' ~9 i- }; M0 R# ?and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ X, T' `5 w0 s. q, V- B' c2 S* s
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
$ R: ]2 A% n z" l7 g; Eretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).5 v! W& ?" g; |) Y1 s% \
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
; S5 l5 q) p, F4 o& `0 g# G[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]- b+ ?. o2 o S; C3 f
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) s5 d3 s) Z- U. o m: r% p- v: L9 U
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on8 X O0 W& h( U: u$ j
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset0 q' a! a" @" C0 f2 m. o
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% C% B2 D+ E/ l% m
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 l' v+ e4 }+ U4 F8 Y: e. w
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
3 l N6 Q$ O0 eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
+ \: T, k+ K" U' ?' w; E2 B Y; Tcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,; m* l% h2 i. O$ G4 K$ u$ c& N
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..) B/ u$ ^# W [$ ^ _5 T
; t4 e+ ?+ }$ D! w$ a
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch); H8 y: u& h/ I
and American speakers of English, |
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