 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
% M9 g& W' R% {1 C4 U* V: G" e3 {' @Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, i; ^, g1 |- Z0 n% Esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,8 T# @5 [9 W+ E! U$ {6 Y& i- ~7 m& w
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, P- \. q @/ h& k" M0 S9 N2 J(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of; r, c9 T8 \! A$ C8 @8 q, \
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).) H) D" c) j7 g$ W$ l
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
9 i% h a" u1 g) q6 N[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], x! D& U5 [' r0 O' s
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
; B8 A3 E* P5 Aretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ @4 r) ~% m4 L& R5 I4 O7 k% Apossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset, z% b% C3 k: ^- o. @. }
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two7 Q4 Y# h, d5 C$ {, j5 N
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 `( Z4 |; |( y+ I+ @: L( X
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. x5 Q5 V2 [) j! r
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In+ ?/ x# L( M* z3 D
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
+ M: o* _. w8 ~: dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..2 ~9 U) E( W. u) [
; [$ k9 }3 s) y# t. g# p1 k* R(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ e+ d0 S3 T$ q$ x
and American speakers of English, |
|