 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& z! e N3 o# g b* \
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
* a, n' h8 c. `9 O, c- Q. v# Jsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,9 E( F! Y0 k/ [' p7 A
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial( |7 N4 p) {( l0 D
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of- @5 r1 w9 i/ d
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
1 m7 A f, g6 ]2 T3 i* cA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
- s$ E; ]' f5 [/ G% u0 R[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
& j3 U ]6 h: B" o8 z/ ?/ s2 P& [$ C(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) C7 V7 E6 v& e' Q# f8 S8 }/ f2 eretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
. G& \+ R8 _0 L5 ?! Fpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- O5 y" w8 W6 i [) s) X(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two" Q3 m. E/ c4 y w9 f
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a3 R9 w/ I! g! ]7 q: j
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
5 T6 Y" Z2 R% F5 O+ s s0 ]end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
3 D: X3 b$ ]8 @" F! i" U4 Dcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,8 `8 t( f% e* a! J B5 P
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
/ x9 O. w+ m( p7 w- C. [6 C2 z7 h' C5 d! T
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! ?& f y6 P% b9 X$ zand American speakers of English, |
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