 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
% Q- c- Z, P( }0 B0 f. G4 rInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the$ h6 ?7 E3 Y, [3 `
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- g! T/ i% l/ i! N% y2 t% N" L
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial6 r/ @# ?+ T) B$ }" j) U
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of |: ~- g) Z/ c& S) F/ Q
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).- f! d+ X6 Q. E. L, I! {. b% o+ @
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
4 U+ [, x/ m) [7 S4 A[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ E! ^5 G0 A R4 s- N' Z7 h) n
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
8 |) J; z. o7 K4 f% D! K$ k" Nretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- g$ q5 q" `$ L: w- M
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset0 [0 {4 n( T; X* i0 e- w5 R
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two7 x& n1 w- J1 N, @8 k+ Y N1 \
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 N5 }- h( s# b# F% ?' i6 c) N
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e." m u$ b7 Q1 \3 W/ g% K; K
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
X7 Y9 O* t1 L. b5 rcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,. |- J0 i0 Z- `4 D
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..5 B2 r7 [; U. y1 `! _3 y- n; O2 F
; ^+ b. Z# ^9 r3 o& A9 @" r! |2 b, d(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ o! ^0 @8 ~9 e: }$ P! vand American speakers of English, |
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