 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
; {( o& Z7 P& {6 N& I( XInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 }! \1 \8 C# d( Q! Dsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,6 c0 t& ~5 U/ _$ f# Q
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
' u4 I; a. w a s$ e+ U(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
; Z* |# H+ `9 oretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
$ f& T, G% W: V% ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=- [! g. I8 \0 D. T
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 d9 o8 [2 H! r8 w7 `7 ]& U
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving- I$ @9 }! z- B
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 O0 U- T6 `1 C- I0 Q9 D+ ^
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
$ R' P6 P2 [8 [' f(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two! V: F: U; ~! j2 [7 t
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a6 h5 q7 f3 A2 l' n% c0 [9 U
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. j9 }( Q+ V+ |; n' Q8 T
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
( y1 d: r: B& Z/ M) k7 kcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
$ Z& ~' W: f9 Nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..- e. L, L9 K/ D$ j0 ^! ?( o
( ~: ]. p9 C( Y) l6 O* K
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
& K/ U9 s3 \8 M. Y0 x1 Sand American speakers of English, |
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