 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
( ]. S, a7 n/ M3 ^% vInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 [3 x3 s! P6 {) Ysyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,/ c9 m4 W4 c9 ^- w* {! w) f& x# z0 a" S
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! f9 r \% n9 O5 Q. d7 f
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
; h( }8 Y) @8 \+ _0 k3 Bretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 n( E9 A9 g0 p% D% I$ U6 JA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
3 F% {- D5 \) h7 r0 m' g( ][y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ C, P9 V. w9 z
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
9 p, M! Z( a( e9 Q% i% C( mretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
+ w- J9 a5 h3 F; U9 Bpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
* L( |- m; o# | M/ b) @(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two5 r/ H5 V- k1 j8 @1 |9 z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a. p9 ]" L/ \/ A) v$ {1 h8 L+ L: R7 Q
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
; U: `, O; f6 \7 S3 y2 Gend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
% ]8 s. N5 b. N2 F0 n1 Vcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
; ^$ x/ c0 d* K0 \. n% N vthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; m7 K9 R- u5 q5 }+ o e3 O
$ D2 w8 L$ ^# g" t& U# S(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
# f; T4 J* ~$ d) U7 @and American speakers of English, |
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