 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, m! Z6 Z2 G: p8 t! A. `/ m/ e
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the$ ?9 s! T. v* D; v* x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,5 z2 c1 s' F, R8 w& i3 s
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 C: K8 F' e5 p(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of% i; d7 |8 o. _4 O! z% X
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( ^, \$ T ^6 W
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=9 x# X) m: s3 M; W) _
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]' }* f ^* G0 l8 w0 w( J: D- S
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- Y/ O: u8 M( k2 T$ i# mretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
" a8 K/ H! H& l; a: Kpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset# [, [& o) P! K/ p6 F
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two+ P& x; n: d: N2 ^2 i
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# j( q7 M. g8 O9 n! N/ r
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
4 l5 g' e1 z7 pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
2 l4 ?$ ^6 i0 ^' C$ X9 J) vcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& T! }! W- o8 z
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..: e" {( [ P6 x4 _* L+ o( J* B/ x
: _" Y& u3 Z) q$ n- k4 g, j G. u% O(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)0 I7 h7 S$ G: s5 Z
and American speakers of English, |
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