 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
( W! G6 h! W$ c4 eInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
) r0 w T+ [* l7 _2 hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,+ I0 I- R7 W0 O2 n% Q, L; G
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
0 s+ Z1 f2 `& F(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of2 ~% X& v$ \" m- k# v& J- J. d
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)." _; ~$ e+ X! v4 t% N6 l4 @6 K
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
7 A) m. A: F& X1 N# u[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]5 F! M( N' j- [4 q5 h5 h1 |
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* z! C7 U0 [. j' f6 \( O- v
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
/ ] F A! N9 U9 |, L& ]8 R' X$ Dpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 M6 i* ]$ K: o
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
" v5 g' C7 [5 L- ]5 @2 C$ Y8 Tsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# H* m& G" z( [3 ?9 asemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
9 n& N. Z0 f6 }0 Fend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
! Q l D6 [& Q, H3 Bcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, d3 P2 o# s% B X% `% Pthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
0 }4 [" D' [5 W9 _* J
! l4 _/ B- d" k% c" F. f+ p- c(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
* w" q w; G; w. _and American speakers of English, |
|