 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The+ K* F% P2 @1 |& L
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the, V' w! s4 {4 z, l
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 z. }: W1 H6 m m$ y. d' ^and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, h3 {3 {$ j" [3 v9 ]7 C3 g(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of/ {/ A: f5 o# y
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
' c I* b& l/ v1 f- dA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
6 o9 J3 s" a, R4 Z) ^8 x/ `! |- k" L[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]. u( W2 Y8 x# |- e
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( M A f0 S* bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
V1 e6 n& n: R# U# K$ M$ w$ apossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset5 x0 q7 H# l9 R o% z5 O+ W
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) U& v" J' B/ t% y) e, j* P1 w' m4 Z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, ^2 x: r# |' W+ K) |semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ P$ z. ]5 V* D0 e3 f
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In) z) t8 U$ ], \ i
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,; o" h# y! e+ \6 O4 s
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..9 O8 c$ Z# E- \* ^6 }6 A
7 L: c) W2 g# c: d: ^9 U9 r(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)5 p( ^ b. c' R& A, q. R& @
and American speakers of English, |
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