 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
, q) |" E) h" Z. E# a9 ]* OInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the$ O: k* \1 y# n' `, t
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,4 N* {" s1 B) S
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
! R4 V. {- m1 ]0 [9 M/ F* J6 `(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
, V0 M) u4 K1 uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ b M6 ~6 E, t2 r8 uA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=) x; d7 l/ C- U( r
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]: b) a% p. t: ~) R; \
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving- d( _+ t! u! Y, O3 \
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
; P: n% e1 V2 _+ J, Xpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
' f# r$ k! X, Y(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two3 F& g$ t: s0 L& n7 t
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a$ ]! p; w9 a' O8 o" c1 L
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.. O; `; u2 Q! x2 `3 w
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In A; F* m% S* V1 Z9 Q
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,' B! w; i4 a! i. w, r, m
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..) H: y' |& W/ l; c1 Q: B. b7 w
* W! P, c7 a7 z0 S* L+ D" k(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
1 I7 ^- G; n/ \and American speakers of English, |
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