 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The4 X3 Y( d+ X$ [) i0 c+ i |
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 y5 y5 e$ m) [5 b8 ]" ~3 m: x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 a, S# q* i9 w; Jand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial2 B# Y: \$ h M3 v
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 `) Q' U; d/ G; _
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
9 a. P# Y: k% ZA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=% S( q2 ^9 i2 h9 V5 T
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* M; B/ X4 u& N
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving2 J' V7 b$ q0 k
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
5 k4 `6 E) ]5 qpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
4 X$ K9 ?7 h/ V(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two6 d! N+ e. c. \. j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 y% ?3 D( p. ~* H
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
% H. B! v. L$ e- r- jend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In& C! R$ X s5 M5 S, {8 Y
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,, S$ e8 m& C% V7 w
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
^: {+ J" K5 ]/ e; j$ S9 B2 D( R0 b- S
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)% e0 c, y6 H+ T& j4 ?) J7 X
and American speakers of English, |
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