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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The. m% y. Z9 l3 M' d
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
3 x0 z4 J4 n8 Psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,* L2 q- _# L/ R" y6 O
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial( N6 ~7 n9 i0 j! l! W( V% ], X! B! ]
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
) v& H; W/ m m! hretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ _9 J( A1 H$ N* p1 z; \A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (= _- t5 x! F0 f; ? {7 Q
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]) E$ g6 _5 \0 W! O5 G. d
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) g0 m! b# U. [/ K
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
) y3 t' ~) ]4 d; J2 I9 opossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
+ D, u5 N) y+ C) V$ a- z( a# ~6 y& f(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
1 s d) U# l+ L1 [segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
' v5 n0 J) S* Z2 L/ Y: ~semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
9 a, i9 }9 l0 i/ ]. g: I" [4 tend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In' m1 n; Z& c8 Y- _8 s
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,+ Z' F2 _! V, }/ |( x
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
+ @% @& G: {' q/ s o/ @ y2 C3 J
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)) G0 f2 ?. Y% G) y# F2 Y
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
