 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The" f; O& H3 @* j. Y- P4 Q
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the% o5 {% g% i( n# b% I* {! U' B
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in," ?: T7 w5 Z# p5 F
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) V6 I4 b. g# J! F/ Q+ G2 z0 H(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
# N4 V% _4 }/ l4 l( | n, M' uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
5 A# [ p1 P$ V3 p; y" SA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 l. P: _& G3 y. H" ]
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]2 U) I" Q5 g% P
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving! }/ w2 p5 g; y" ?
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
3 ^9 @9 y ^/ @possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset+ A8 {4 ~7 Z/ y
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
* t J& r3 w" d9 x c+ X+ [segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
6 u0 g! N2 f, {" rsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.- U* a i5 F4 Z: O' c( w' H5 L9 H
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 t, S H% J$ Z. X5 T/ k/ r
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- h, g/ b6 r1 r- g* |3 U
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..( r2 [" K- x1 D7 q+ D6 \, d8 n
7 l) Z' m1 T. o" |0 G7 s
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
8 F" E8 J4 T4 _5 C# }: tand American speakers of English, |
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