 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
4 c$ S/ X/ m e4 p# g, J3 ]! eInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: p6 W* K' T& b- R$ `* D ^syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. @4 D& X' e* a% |" W$ e- c
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial( l" Q' D* W( P( S, L
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, o, }+ N# B S
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).8 S' q: \, r+ z" X8 E8 S- f+ I/ G. Z
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=+ C2 @5 \ m* K7 f" ?
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! ?$ D9 ]. d3 Q2 a' R(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* B; W E6 C9 s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 b2 x3 m; {* p8 D8 @
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset/ A3 [; j1 h) V* y3 ~& C; Z, e5 R
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 k( e' Z9 p6 q, {9 @segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
3 C$ U: n1 ]& ^8 a5 usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" r; _" Q) h+ g6 {; |0 |end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
/ H5 G+ d% [( F' ?7 P- X' j, ^compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 ?6 D6 h/ G, x0 jthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..# Z* b' g7 W1 S" e+ b% J( O; p& Q4 N
' o2 j3 k3 D- p/ ?( _; s(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
4 y' C [$ p5 Tand American speakers of English, |
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