 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
$ [3 ]' s* d4 u7 Y) \" ]* ^6 q3 H! o$ ]Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the9 B7 m/ q. l% ~4 `
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
/ f2 b" |1 y* `- Zand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
- U, b. g+ V1 y# Y% X/ e(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
8 l0 }3 X# X& w- z3 ?6 w- m# hretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).7 v6 m6 U4 J* @- x
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
$ @7 ?$ A; p& @4 }0 S; l/ [2 F[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 h/ T ^# E7 M( z( w0 t l(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
/ Z, a( o8 V+ \( Aretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- i" J7 ^( Y& R5 C+ K
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset, K8 f7 R% q; n3 b l
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two9 z4 J5 t* K. v& D7 D+ F
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a) F/ k0 b2 H7 n: W; S
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.' M" M S* K$ w; N
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
# f& _# K4 c1 ]* l2 k9 {& Ucompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
7 a. @' |* ~" b) _, lthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
2 n( t" E& s: X( D) W! t7 H7 I9 B' F! M* h- h. K
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
- p& z: d! M4 ^9 o. [1 t. Iand American speakers of English, |
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