 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
! |3 O5 j6 b* rInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the/ Z/ Z. ~! A. x: l8 g$ t" _( z
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 u( h8 I- n: h+ d& H' x: ~' R, Nand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, b7 a) W. o9 H. D9 X(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of6 K/ w, P- `& h9 d( a
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
1 C+ V. L0 `: o1 w) oA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" @9 F) ], Z B. u- q9 F! q[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 e# M9 j- J4 J6 P @ T(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
0 O) t4 W$ D+ ]( Kretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on; X& J2 B0 p" V+ b: H7 ~
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset t! L7 X9 v! |$ j+ I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two( H) p$ M5 ]7 g' r8 ~* v
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
$ ~5 Z& G. F# |2 l9 [semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
# C7 W) g: z. O. B9 I1 G7 m' U, w0 eend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
+ q0 x# h7 D" `, F) z* ]8 _compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 e. J/ J3 P" T/ F# Q0 u5 X
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..+ K$ h( {) ?7 X/ E
7 M% j8 f3 z4 o
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
/ d" S$ r: A6 r. ^+ F9 iand American speakers of English, |
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