鲜花( 0) 鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
0 m# E! i0 c1 y9 a2 {Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the9 B2 y% D" {: ]6 `) x) d
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,# D# k% o: e" p4 _2 ^6 x
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial7 X! M. |4 D6 [; U3 k K7 [
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
3 [1 X: ^0 u2 C* r% f: e. E- y0 iretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
7 E+ W9 N8 ]! WA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: [' V1 p* X; x- ^( J% a+ E[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" m c2 A c+ I" w( V" _(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
1 ^' S5 q7 H0 P {' Xretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! k; j+ n" U6 p/ E" z
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset1 E, U7 F& b+ }; p2 r/ R% u1 S
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two: n1 E& K# V( K9 ^$ R5 x3 `1 J3 I
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a9 k- F) w- U3 K6 d; w& v! N
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; r n4 g' `' E, c
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
, k' W' e) l5 v/ g m& Y$ B8 E' Hcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
6 `9 b4 H. Q# i' _* k$ l6 ]the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
$ C. }& ^) b9 ~% Z+ T: ]" c1 N
! l1 W, e' d* d(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ b7 H4 C, N( [& S- W6 R# F0 `and American speakers of English, |
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