 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The% B* \' t: F+ f+ H' M" Y: c
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the% I* a+ K1 H" u
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
8 W2 @" e; [% [. k5 xand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
+ z% L) U/ k2 @: J0 @(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of! A: Y/ I1 v# S, f
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
% V( c! q' ^' I6 `$ T7 |A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=# F5 d8 |7 \4 L B6 c; p) ^
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]8 L' s6 {* h# B. d, U/ }# f
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
/ @% A; p( p# W0 ]: N+ H& I% X3 H1 Rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
6 ^# |: D: _! k, Kpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
/ i' }% M5 c+ o* F5 N5 \- _(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two/ a9 p1 a" D* @; W4 d% S2 u/ u
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 U6 P% ^* |6 H, hsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
P9 |, }6 y% N Hend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
4 s @# \" S9 `0 \1 k: Xcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 F8 \6 a( P$ u3 ?4 W% a
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
2 M# x* b, W: \+ _( Z4 F6 E) t9 X, e e6 F% ^* w
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
% i0 V$ [3 h0 c9 g/ ~4 F4 c$ e) y2 sand American speakers of English, |
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