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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The* r' v% _+ p7 G z
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the/ v" w" I- v+ d5 v. N
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,$ J2 Y6 ]6 U; [) K& l/ u m$ w
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
% ~' l8 s/ y5 o! I(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of! c% }0 ^- ]- t- T# H1 S
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
# A. K2 q5 A) c/ ~. QA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
" V4 |" v2 H+ \+ [" c[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! k$ P4 a4 g- {# M/ V E# x- t3 @(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving) U2 L* C6 u4 B5 [- C/ t, _
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 }1 X/ P6 G* \* M, t- g* fpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
! h9 }+ v2 B" Z6 d+ S) b(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
* u( }( I4 v3 j# n, ]* _9 [segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
9 r. T% }6 o0 } b8 h2 Q7 t1 dsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.6 h; f; d6 X% N# z& |( \4 G
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In% P: w) R1 h; f' T2 N5 u4 [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
; A6 X" q$ @! y* i2 H v% V$ m( ~the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; L3 [: P4 T) ]: Q* b
4 h3 l h8 i6 Z4 c(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
" f) p9 b+ M' Land American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
