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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
- C/ X8 H. W$ V* n3 V9 UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
T/ B9 R, {! T0 B0 X% esyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
* I; ~0 X4 k( |0 z* b5 X0 `5 Zand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
4 k& s( Y; l! S$ I& U(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of" O) ]" b+ ~5 E3 b* v" D
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
5 D$ A9 w# d, o2 l5 lA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
& k+ `, n, H( L1 _$ j0 F+ v: b[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
$ k$ W! j/ t( [4 ]( N(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" b3 W# h9 s5 [8 v) a; G5 ^retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 w7 f$ T; w' D2 t% k+ @% Hpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset* n8 c/ N. e8 Z: ^
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
8 U7 V9 Y) q! c/ {7 |4 `' Jsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
: R) `3 s8 a# gsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 v# M+ b. w4 x2 {4 Q
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 J: F: i% G2 m7 Z) I
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,/ T9 Y+ _+ \7 y3 q' N1 w2 c2 p
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..- o$ H% I F9 Q H: a/ @% x: _
; t! I5 ]5 ?8 T
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 X, A" M8 Y8 y% _and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
