 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The/ Y" `/ P5 ]9 s& k. g
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the8 D" E7 X& L/ @* N3 E8 b2 g8 W
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,( N& p$ G' |) J# q/ h
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial9 B3 p: P% v# P; Z0 V! A: k( f
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
6 l5 o2 u8 V1 y) _) gretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
' Y( ]1 F0 a9 F& S: V$ D( g6 y% EA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=: A, o3 e& W' O9 P) T* ?+ [/ r" I* A! h) Y
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]9 A1 D5 b9 W0 M3 T
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
$ I1 Z# D, F. a! l9 uretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on6 n$ x! X9 |! m9 F$ v) z2 w$ X2 f
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
, n8 L, \) L* l' g, W" P1 z; {2 \(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two; S8 E8 a0 @8 U- Z* E
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a! {! M9 L, h _, ]
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.$ w3 k0 |4 n) m! S0 R/ i+ c: t
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
7 c% [! q( s- p0 o8 @compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element, W; ?$ Z( _9 e
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 \3 D$ F4 ?3 A2 {3 i, f9 u) v( ]7 N7 _4 Y2 G G
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
5 n* ?6 _( |1 a5 @1 Uand American speakers of English, |
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