 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
/ G. e$ \# C. Y# I! i# pInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ B, h7 _" Q7 I; \5 T- X( Y$ x
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. l( d0 E4 d) o/ i9 O" D$ n
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
# j. v. T4 ^# R* M! X' F4 O2 l(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of" S8 h- H: [" u I
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).4 m8 U" f" I& {1 N2 ]) s
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
; S6 l2 H* X" U! Z2 u[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
1 T& l4 f. G. h3 i) @& e(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
a0 s4 O9 N7 P' Oretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
$ Q$ H" g9 }. c1 a' @) epossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- p, Z4 A) N. E4 W( T( a0 H% A(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two! X: M" C. X" z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a8 y4 ]" ]3 V( P, `
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e." T, c. v: f! E. e
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# D; I- K, _2 a2 \& A: B$ i5 J
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: B5 `) v% L8 K5 J$ v2 cthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..& p2 Q/ L/ |' B; y. P
" i( S q. K' y5 N4 t5 Q(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)+ j7 G' [, z7 q; v5 F& \7 s l
and American speakers of English, |
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