 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
4 E! Y! r! l. @Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
/ j3 ]$ [. K1 C' csyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
5 H/ L4 U- X5 M9 fand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial7 Q6 j% |0 ~8 b! q/ O
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of5 N' K8 r) A9 l% a$ Y! E
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
5 p( R6 R) h. kA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
5 n: j: d" d6 M# ^' l7 E; ~1 h: I7 v8 t[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
% w6 [1 s$ X) ?/ c/ {. P' b(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
7 E7 w# C% a6 K2 g9 bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- q' q+ l+ ^& P' a* z( j) s! o9 y
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset4 M8 n+ k; D. W( ?6 O$ I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
% C! K# r0 ` a; d0 a* V3 M) msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
: b# s' `9 o3 R, Fsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
1 [% k' R. x) ~$ Uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In; }0 _ ]) o6 ?2 c; k/ S/ {# Q
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
) d9 c2 ?; `+ Cthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
2 I' _2 i* x8 @ k3 x$ J; {" \0 }5 [* o5 }' m" `
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)$ H* V: U& p. D& K# `
and American speakers of English, |
|