 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
) F. K1 ^$ K0 N1 J$ eInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the w& o6 K& o# i2 h+ ~% G
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
+ b! d& d1 g5 s) T2 Pand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
+ n* b! ?/ x8 H2 u. H(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, a: ]8 u! q+ p, g
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
& `: e6 P7 q6 A4 W" Y, vA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=7 Y8 a6 X3 B4 A7 D" p0 v5 Z
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
. ]; ~6 b( u9 y* |( J(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" R' U; X) F4 a$ C) L% vretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on; b5 L$ ~3 Z S
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
, A5 V2 t# W; s/ j U9 I9 @- y(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two: N+ D& y( }# T) [2 D# k2 J" v
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
7 R( \: ~: W* M! \: ^8 J- esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
0 p/ f7 c+ n: s( T$ Z/ G" }: pend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. l" q' U$ R( i8 i' k& A3 I
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
' H" \# ]4 V. e( Q) S7 s6 \" dthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..% [8 v( f/ j. G/ y5 \- c) G
# q/ x6 a% {9 l" V- P
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)3 d, U7 m, B) n; \8 [2 Q
and American speakers of English, |
|