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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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) A! R/ i& ~+ [6 u0 b 一、厕所
3 ~4 ? g0 G' z5 B. P 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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二、解小便 5 v# @) b& k" P) u
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
: k0 U. p; i% M3 d V7 R; A Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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医生或许也会问:
1 S& X& y" N2 |- l& D; A' F7 z Do you have trouble urinating? 1 X& L$ R! R2 |1 j& u* ?& T! r( E
=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) & E, y* p; @, W# I0 Z2 Z! f' B$ ~0 d
) _9 _' s7 ~' `4 f" Y; {, p 此外,还有其他的说法: : V$ l) I8 q' c: x' G
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: 5 c7 Q# ~ @; j
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. 4 ^ o& }' z. t0 d& o- ~4 d
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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/ ?8 W+ v/ \" i' \+ u! v0 a/ H 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: / a8 M2 p d1 p8 H7 h+ K4 `; J
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
. X4 a: @* n2 I 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 / B6 v" o3 h+ m
) V# c% g) E+ j' s; ?2 i; u * He went to the john a few minutes ago. 0 f# l) d" v1 R ]2 b
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. % l Z) O- m4 k+ a6 L
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 % m6 z/ K( C" X3 X& v0 s5 x
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: % O5 J0 {8 [$ j0 A3 ?; X( N/ j& W8 q
* The boy needs to pee. : u w4 c4 P& L: P
; U/ N5 B2 b# t" ^# p6 h2 x) E- s1 ~ 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: * a" ~# E2 ~9 j+ i6 k
* Do I need a urine test? ( L' |2 [- c( `/ h) E
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: $ V+ O$ T8 R- C9 G0 G" u
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
( s: n; I1 r2 g) l2 C# {6 L * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
1 W9 b! H( n! c2 e; F P; G * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
3 s8 k& J7 q j# D2 ]( s) G * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) - m" I+ s$ M) V' @3 ]- z% R
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
9 E3 o$ `8 k7 Q2 V0 G5 r) j * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 4 f) Y( G/ I7 d( _4 y
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三、解大便 : P- H5 S3 I8 K8 i1 D8 S
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
* `0 j) v/ m$ y) u( }# @5 } to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
, C9 Q$ ~/ d( n% _ =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
) M# u4 i$ B# x. ? * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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* j4 f% L5 o5 L 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: # l) Q( d5 X3 h; V
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: # g+ b1 B6 n, {0 M: p
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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# t/ R9 B/ D* }" Y% m! N% d( g 四、放屁
* O& j) k: G, C+ a) b 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: & N: w4 G/ ]/ V: i c1 Y
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 5 t( k2 x9 u* D( G& H+ Q' ~/ C! Q
你放屁的次数很多吗? : [5 ~# F, b* x, w' O% d! `" X
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
; U' H {8 a0 i$ n# ~ 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
. U8 R9 r9 Y5 S- w8 C * He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ' \9 Q$ j( N* U8 K
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
& |) E7 x, p1 v * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.
5 I/ B/ g' K) a' X 过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
( R% W1 l8 a1 M3 g * Be careful not to fart in the public.
~ ~; y( w) S& O, J# y" D y" K* L 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 6 A/ C& B0 X. @! t' k( H3 L
3 i) Z0 Z7 R% r 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 8 ]' }' s* I6 L7 S9 K, y
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
+ t# ~" [5 R/ ^# ^% R A/ R# I! g; [ = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
0 [7 A) b% L) G( ^; X2 H& A5 E- G" { 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
0 L4 ^3 G" _1 R4 ~, L- X) B+ T+ a 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
- T3 h8 H0 C$ D- D v * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
# y6 {/ F6 p9 k& L, S 他经常便秘。) 或
% m# X5 X5 ~# |! H4 U * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 $ U! O# J# g% Q: F$ q( K& @' O
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 9 A; E4 @/ }' p3 N2 m4 b5 X- n
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. / s3 c( Z& q) [( g/ ?
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
! X0 N/ F2 S W. p' | 他拉了一阵肚子。 4 Y3 S7 I+ g3 {: }8 b3 {
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) 7 p& a/ ^; V# G! o' s7 L; ?3 }
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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