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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 # V7 d" s. u% n
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 4 ~: J2 j) N3 k+ e9 x
9 C: L! f* ~7 w1 \ v+ w0 {) U 二、解小便 4 Q( O z5 |% B! B7 t+ y; q
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
# R% Y* v5 ^$ o- |8 ?; } Will (could) you urinate in this cup?
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( ]; L% _, w2 w& X6 N- ? 医生或许也会问: " F- k o8 X9 N8 x( c& K
Do you have trouble urinating?
3 q9 |$ u+ O9 {; Y8 l, H$ T1 W! i =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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4 b" G" `$ O% H8 I 此外,还有其他的说法: # d5 [8 Z7 C3 f# ^ a
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
" k" `+ W) ]) E4 x- L5 x * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
2 B! M+ w) M% f, k * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
5 U; }$ @1 i E# ]+ f- O1 q * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. / x: K" ^9 X+ d3 @
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. & I; l* R P i2 p* ~! u6 b
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. & M2 n# _6 |! y2 I1 L0 @0 _6 y
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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7 v; r6 b- R& |5 s8 g 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
$ x# `* S& Y: `( B# w * The boy needs to pee.
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5 f+ p3 l) ^' N1 a O% @5 L, M 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
0 G3 I. x# K J1 L7 |+ t. E * Do I need a urine test? : \; Y: [9 o, \* ~8 ?5 W
* G7 a6 n, t6 }0 l& S% u, f; U# E 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
! {2 X+ j- x! X5 y/ t- g * He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
8 M. e9 d* I8 A * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) . U. W# ?9 P3 V) c: x# l
m1 _: ~5 T X4 |. X3 g# M 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: $ y% o4 V+ W1 H: \, a. J$ ^
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 6 S, ?! u! X+ k) x3 a+ b+ j
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ; O3 |$ j5 ~! x
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) / p5 U1 n) p! l! d- l
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) I9 s* A' h$ C; a
, k @' U2 P. p' g! e, ` 三、解大便 / w$ H4 x! x" W" N
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
$ E9 r9 k/ a5 W" \- g# o) E1 O to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
: _, Q2 T; F N% R4 ?0 p =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
F( ?' \2 D" D8 Z& h * The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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, H% d# f8 ^! L3 `- h- c 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: / K) s$ t- p& y9 |
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) 8 o# T, [+ x- w1 o8 v5 n3 x" @
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
2 O$ o1 M+ \4 y7 P; L * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) / l# |+ ^ W2 }1 R( u) S9 y/ Y
) p* ?2 u$ {- y; z3 l H1 L8 E7 u$ _ 四、放屁
" [3 s8 i' y8 P0 @" a# W( d 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
$ i( ]6 i- @! H How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? & C1 M& l `3 J( i: [8 C& h ^
你放屁的次数很多吗?
7 x; m$ R+ K$ ?, p f * Is the gas expelled by belching?
. N+ L7 D1 n5 [3 {8 F" Q 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 P- z% q1 |$ I
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
% ^+ B# D0 `+ |; |* \" [: F 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
1 M8 ]* h4 v* f' D; q * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 1 Y7 O/ e! @! h: O* e. |1 L
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
: N9 O% @4 e; n# V9 K * Be careful not to fart in the public. 5 n7 w. F! S, T+ r1 b& u9 ]6 R
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: 7 K& g1 }- W9 f% n( R2 T6 t$ \
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) ! H' U% u9 U ^/ v8 E
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
@! H+ H8 |* K/ r1 u# r5 M 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
. W8 g# B6 }6 G0 F0 \( o" j7 X- X4 V 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 9 z a) T# `. A! `
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
4 ]* A9 s3 \0 _# K, V. o 他经常便秘。) 或
7 L. f( y, k$ ^5 A7 Q; x( i * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 K+ l: s4 p4 e5 J
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 - w7 r3 }' d# ]* G
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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( j7 M. s9 f* P; _; P" g0 ^- { * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.
8 l5 d$ c+ B- a4 c 他拉了一阵肚子。
& L& `1 M8 u" {; c * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) * _" M( l0 r$ s% y, n7 E3 h1 S
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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