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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所 ( V0 c0 o& e: Y8 I& g" z: u( O
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。
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3 B, f5 j9 t7 b! N# {0 n) ~$ D 二、解小便
: y( w; m, a9 _1 U! I* z 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
1 U; v8 N" ?, o5 g( g* f9 x T' T Will (could) you urinate in this cup? & m" S/ z5 q9 W0 q$ U
i$ a! P% h. N 医生或许也会问:
" N' |9 \, g3 Z Do you have trouble urinating?
+ m! h7 S% a3 L; ^6 r% H, t' K8 x9 B5 q =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) # M; H S7 x' n, q1 P
, Q3 f: u: A- g7 _. p 此外,还有其他的说法: 5 f6 P9 Z2 N# @" k/ y/ g
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
3 B3 E8 J2 ]' e3 {: B% y * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
3 I" j5 V! g' t6 z0 c) Y( ` * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) ) F+ q7 t$ O" o" F
; s/ p( @- K4 t | 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: , s J8 i U. p3 t9 u
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 3 b/ V6 B6 h G7 K; z
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. 1 n( z4 y* _0 G7 u
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 3 }3 {9 T, W3 }1 B# ?0 W+ I
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.
0 a5 Y, P1 \' L2 J H 劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 z5 R/ h# e6 L' c/ w4 i, ^4 G
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 2 b" @9 d' \! _; y, L
* The boy needs to pee. " H% x4 E* ^: c9 p
+ L8 o# `) @" i" S# Z/ W6 P; M 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如:
! l4 ~ S: |' I \; ^ * Do I need a urine test? 1 s0 C; h @$ L, L
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: 2 E- U. y, y5 T9 L3 [- v J1 ]2 i
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
$ A; W/ B& }. b/ N. W * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) I3 o2 x3 O7 S9 V
" G9 n& ?5 Z4 M; l$ b& L 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
# s* S& N2 B: o * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) # i# n$ z* L' S( X4 {+ l
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
$ B" N: [2 I' y1 @1 @ * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病) 1 Z, H, q% h# |: l# Q+ \& M* R' r9 C
* I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) $ a0 v+ ` |! C7 s( t' y
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三、解大便
) T b! M/ c u. t8 {1 i 一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: # U& E2 h: P3 ?
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
* Z2 g' n+ Q7 j =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: d! P# Q% `, c# o2 W! Q) I) ^" r. c
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) . |) s' r& j: [. r) n
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
* a* {% z4 @( d * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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* C, Q1 d; m9 [+ t; y, K 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
" Q" d' w) c& N$ p' u0 o6 Y" G * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 6 {# K' t1 F& Y; D) F1 l& i: x0 x: N
! s( U' @) h, [- O 四、放屁 9 @8 ]8 f+ y4 P
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
0 V- y9 `# e. D& ? How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? , C. M a4 [9 K1 w7 N& p2 C0 ?
你放屁的次数很多吗? 4 n) `1 c1 k4 w8 }) `# d
* Is the gas expelled by belching?
8 j4 z3 s/ V! [9 v, \2 R1 l. X3 ? 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) 4 J7 @# j& R' C6 p- |7 a$ [1 p
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 3 G/ d g# z8 |
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 - W* k* c5 T% P8 J* b$ i
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 3 ~- u$ [1 Q% X1 B0 X
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
, G3 b8 x4 ?' D' s/ z# S! M * Be careful not to fart in the public.
& O0 E' K7 T4 P3 l5 h: j( }& [ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。 2 V# h2 Y9 H. |$ m3 k, {
! t$ m( ?* [- y/ Y% C1 a; L4 x 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: / L" j- m7 T `3 ]8 I* `
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
4 t1 G! @- I1 p) J* {; C) d, B1 @ J = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
9 ~* x; {5 b; o# m8 [+ \ 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
- b' y! f' b/ J 胃不舒服有两星期了。) 9 L% \+ s* q( r6 J. g
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) " [9 l5 ?8 D, S6 ^# Z. a1 X
他经常便秘。) 或
9 @$ w+ R5 k/ o) f7 F * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 " c( D* ?8 W+ ~* Q# e8 N8 `
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或
# h; r; S, N* H* _- k7 l * He has no bowel movement for the past few days. 5 @9 h! d+ C$ p. a% C
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 8 H6 p; V) I G6 A0 z9 S" p
他拉了一阵肚子。
% F% l6 J: _+ a * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement) % _8 n/ F7 S. ^4 Q
大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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