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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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一、厕所
2 U, m# g$ \4 { V& \% G4 i3 U 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 . y% T* L, G1 T9 j1 s& b4 U
; M1 @8 g/ d9 D 二、解小便
+ o3 G ^$ _/ m/ F) j9 H 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ; I7 F8 |( R/ |* A. |+ Y; J, C+ R
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? 1 o0 \ _- R" O& H. t
! m7 w' j6 t8 V2 l. b# t) ?7 K 医生或许也会问: 2 x5 d, F3 U; \2 N6 R! F( J7 w
Do you have trouble urinating?
0 _# ]2 j. z1 E1 m =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) 5 z' y& K, b9 k. \
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此外,还有其他的说法: ) R( V' s9 o* l7 }/ |
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
$ {7 l/ N' e6 y9 j/ o0 n; V * I need to piss = I have to take a leak. # S+ J" d1 s7 O& z/ s& ]" i
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) 7 Z( G; T( H$ W. h2 L$ e2 Q
% Q- |( [0 [, N2 s) r 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如:
) N' \; y7 [' | * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.
2 j! b" T1 _0 ~. I8 r9 R 在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 4 @, h4 c) \# m' ?; [4 j' L
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. * \& B+ V2 m5 a' B4 p8 |0 b. r
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ; e! i* z5 O4 K& {% }# M" `" n- X+ i
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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. t$ I7 ?! k6 X: V 不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
5 w \. c# I0 m& r * The boy needs to pee.
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1 T- F( E$ [2 E1 J+ Z& P [ 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: / l# P' F: [1 r. n# H- l7 n
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: + U4 y9 X" o/ E9 q$ M0 f: U
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
) H2 J' ?. u; S. u \3 _, m+ E$ ` * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) & \4 s% H7 z1 f! z
Y3 q) j+ Y, z+ P: C 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: . \( W7 o9 e% J: U8 J; {# N
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) $ ~- e8 R% @( W/ d% y- s% O
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) ! s% T5 D4 D% N2 f- h2 P, S H- Z
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
# w) C" y0 Y6 m% W0 I * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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# E: N; ^% M: D: F! \ 三、解大便 " c" x/ O- k) ~0 S
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: % ? @ }4 \) e4 }
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces) ' N5 ]9 T# |# t6 g" U' P; v+ \
=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: |2 f' f- D: I1 H
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: 9 b. N% O' h. N
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。)
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2 R, Z- G. q/ q- P4 ?- [ 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: ' q' U! ], y% ^6 i1 P5 v5 x) n
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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四、放屁 8 a/ \; q2 L6 o6 \8 M& S
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问: ! h! q1 c) n- @ Q6 h( }
How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? }1 w) i! t i2 j7 L
你放屁的次数很多吗?
2 v" T# T. P' F+ c* }+ d * Is the gas expelled by belching? 8 V' B% o( i! y# ^
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ( q8 o9 Y8 z' w; T) m% C( q
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. ; R" A3 p; U6 n- f+ }
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。 " B8 k& x6 A! d7 `& _7 S! F! _; ]3 i
* He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. 3 G& q- J- Y0 C" q' b' v
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 : \# L O% P, _+ |2 U* R
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
4 v1 ?! J( L3 D6 l8 L3 ^3 [4 ^ 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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$ Z5 e; B! E( n1 |% H 至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如:
6 \$ M) W% n" \. ]) v * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) 5 o \" I3 ~7 W) N
= I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. & H8 g) ^( ^, ]
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) " \) l8 R+ j* _+ C9 A
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* Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. . ?+ R" Q% q6 T! O/ N% C: Z
胃不舒服有两星期了。) " ^2 G' K T, c4 r+ b
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
# \$ ]& O. { o 他经常便秘。) 或
8 c2 J& W, R) w M * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 $ y' Z8 T1 P* C9 ]# B
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 a. }. \" Q% l- C2 L
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. % `4 e$ O5 K# }5 d/ W
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* He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. " p) c$ H8 Z. z6 f" t A( ]
他拉了一阵肚子。 + R0 W( \/ W8 |0 A1 e) @6 j3 T: s
* He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
/ ]! x$ Z. t& C 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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