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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! & Q+ s% S0 }# r t0 [
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一、厕所
h% {8 G- Z0 @5 z# T8 V 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 : R' J/ J e0 k* r1 B
* ]3 g' P) c6 a+ N 二、解小便
& y0 V% r% I5 ?$ E. ~) P5 r 最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说: ; J" m- R; k+ O; c1 {
Will (could) you urinate in this cup? ' s% J# V2 W5 m+ H5 B/ U" i3 t
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医生或许也会问: 9 K! m) _5 [1 D A
Do you have trouble urinating?
3 A' v, k- }) v2 y6 C =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?) + M0 z3 q6 P, S" I6 N
& S1 d0 u' D* X) A 此外,还有其他的说法: / N6 E# u; a! k3 n( J8 n
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如: ; ?3 m8 i9 Y5 Q) _3 t+ Z. v$ Q
* I need to piss = I have to take a leak. # ]/ ]) b1 f: {+ i' O6 v& W
* How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) : T4 x+ P0 v" a
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: " b9 n0 w5 T, y# S1 `5 t D: k
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. ; ^# F$ m( d o( f
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。
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* He went to the john a few minutes ago. + @) a; w0 w6 O; ~2 I. a z
他在几分钟前上了厕所。 ( |* U$ E0 o2 ?- n6 _/ z: V
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. ' v- `/ k5 x; e% W" R
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如: 4 ]2 c) A) _) R* r
* The boy needs to pee. , F9 Q# O: X7 U$ m5 w F
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: % |, }0 t$ N) y
* Do I need a urine test? ' l$ Z& L2 W# E/ Z
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: $ q0 T# ]. A. i* [
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
- Z1 X- e- C8 E. {; X& @ * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满)
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5 P% V9 C* Q! j, E/ H 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说:
[# y. k5 t3 y( r5 U( ~ * My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重) 4 w: N& m( W) B1 T/ L: [1 i
* I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble)
/ ^5 u8 f: d% `: M' Q * I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
7 N' v- U- ?1 K2 f * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少)
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: w" r% @$ T, n( y+ p 三、解大便 " N% C# a+ ~3 r: }; C
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法: $ j/ c& c7 K3 a8 o5 A. D
to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
6 l) ^/ b% O2 h' l! U- ]6 m =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: . q5 Y0 ?8 k. z% }& L
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ) W' T+ o# _$ E& J( `1 r
# d2 B" N" k' Z& S& i 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: , ]+ A j5 {1 O4 y& O
* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) $ r! p4 m, N, _( p$ L
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
+ O$ h) I9 o& G" n. V, k) P * The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) 8 v% {9 W# S; P9 Q6 z
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四、放屁
2 R+ O( Z5 V( K5 [1 n- ~ 在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
5 X8 {; q k5 f' r" ? How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 1 u3 X+ B6 g) p! S
你放屁的次数很多吗?
! | V+ W5 S- @ * Is the gas expelled by belching?
# q2 G! |2 D3 ]+ @5 i' f 是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch) ) E* M! s _! G7 V0 F
* He said the more he ate, the more he farted. 1 I; s6 Z1 \ L9 B$ R2 Q" w
吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
$ L3 L# v, [. F8 j+ Y7 G( m/ e * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. : } J2 ?- T/ x! d% T( p7 U7 i
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。 6 |" k1 @) k- u
* Be careful not to fart in the public.
9 z6 k5 m- {* u2 t; J: e 注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: : u& [ O# Y) U: m3 n6 ~' o6 M
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
1 C; n/ {- ]2 v3 t) ?6 q! @2 J. V( t5 j = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. * m7 T: O, M9 l# }5 T! ^) N. x
注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) ; B) n T+ ` y' }
& t. g( P2 z: w * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks. & {, z- U* N$ P* m& t& F
胃不舒服有两星期了。) ) g) [0 [9 E+ I; `
* He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)
/ j$ e6 v; S* O2 b2 I( P/ ~ 他经常便秘。) 或
) Z% F. w6 n6 [( M * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或 o5 B8 W5 k! W. @
* He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 - e9 n. ?) \4 o I6 [/ ]5 d
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
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+ x; N5 ]- L8 ^4 ]0 O- H/ X2 b * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. " a( l8 \4 L8 ]) f! y$ I/ h2 X
他拉了一阵肚子。
. w; B& K- j# [0 t# [% c * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
9 h* I1 {5 K! _- c% R 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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