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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢! " r1 Q T% |' u% r3 @& u$ Y
{3 P0 t1 q+ o3 L p8 M& ] 一、厕所
; p3 W7 Q9 u8 X6 M5 J8 b- Y( r7 j 在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 : r O. |. Y" Z" [7 h0 B
! V. r7 d' M+ P9 a7 x( i2 i 二、解小便 Z7 U* m7 c# u9 b0 f9 G, i* Q
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:
1 Z T. V& J$ }* m2 G; Y Will (could) you urinate in this cup? $ H2 v x* {# k9 ^+ D9 K7 @( f
2 q: L! K, P6 }% j 医生或许也会问: * l- K- b( x$ [$ X
Do you have trouble urinating?
0 y5 J' J( T' K( U3 h& a. o2 { =Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法: / P- z& F; d# N( O& Q
to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
2 X3 ~, w2 e! r0 d * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
% L$ _0 Z1 a+ k: I" r; K/ n$ Q * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?) - V1 q0 X( U7 p+ l3 J
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此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: 9 {, U, w1 m( E% {* g; ]4 e( k9 i7 z
* There are several (portable) johns in the construction site. 7 T1 D- v R$ Z5 R$ k' V4 d0 v
在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。 % C8 t! K. ^9 d2 W
A3 L. ^0 Z0 h: e( O' Z * He went to the john a few minutes ago. ) s5 m& ?' z' d2 J% {8 S- @, c: T
他在几分钟前上了厕所。
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* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours. 4 t/ U3 H& B* Z9 V$ m2 S; e
劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。 0 I! ?9 j) n' g2 z) z/ W
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
, v9 F i$ Y0 N% O0 Z8 i8 ]0 u6 ` * The boy needs to pee. 3 |# W2 q* g, O5 c4 ]' u" ]; N1 a
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然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。例如: . w4 ~0 T4 L2 l7 e" n/ Z+ V
* Do I need a urine test?
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注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如: ! R" Y; a. ?6 Q
* He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
$ m$ I$ `: g- H: p& n * He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) 2 c4 O E" B* o( h. D0 `: {0 q
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如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: ' j6 k2 ? `2 Y+ q" A8 d8 U; O
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
- }& ]; B1 x0 D; r+ b# Y$ v, r * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) 8 N. q; o4 y( X
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
, u7 s" s+ S6 L# n, o! h' W * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) 4 Q8 G( k4 J! N% X- J' q! X Y
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三、解大便 ( p+ G0 h) @2 o; Z
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是大肠在转动)。此外,还有其他的说法:
" }8 y4 x4 L, }1 ] to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)
! l# P, V: B1 b0 Y2 F4 H =to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如: . p$ i6 Y& U7 d: k% ^9 q: G
* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement) ! {* p; I U1 B/ f. I9 @7 y+ S
: Z. |1 h9 P2 w- B Z7 ^2 S5 q 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如:
* {! ~) r# I6 ~7 Q# S * The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) + ^0 }" v c4 B2 ?# ?
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但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如: + j/ D L- _; o' j
* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。) ) d; Z4 b3 G# {) p7 }3 G- ~
; D0 T% ~# E% Z 四、放屁 # ?3 o( P9 n$ c: I4 P+ a& ]
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 医生有时问:
) P: H3 o( ]; z2 Z% S0 I How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas? 8 f9 O2 U; @9 D/ H6 o
你放屁的次数很多吗? , G) M6 t$ n5 _9 L& Z6 p& S
* Is the gas expelled by belching? 3 h6 p, T" r- [
是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?(动词是 belch)
$ G L7 ^: H A * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.
2 L8 D' E, B5 W v1 ]: J 吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。
6 L5 b8 M: c0 ]7 C) O7 \- I# Q; o * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days. $ z5 {1 }; @( d4 l- z
过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。
" ^- ~0 {8 H, N G! { * Be careful not to fart in the public. ) M, k! S; X8 z5 g- y# a: T* |
注意在公共场所不可放屁。
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: # |' [1 ?. V- o* x; u
* I have an upset stomach.(消化不良)
& @( K4 |9 w% w$ V$ |" z = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
$ E+ G: L. u5 L2 o2 G. g' G. L 注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache) . H. g! K+ w7 h; p. `
& g/ [, \/ `. y9 Q6 r: N * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.
" | z. w- x; i! s& |% z 胃不舒服有两星期了。)
# @" Y% B0 r6 W7 V; s% u' [/ O * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity) # {8 O; B7 F& k# t/ M9 c$ E/ s
他经常便秘。) 或 ' W6 E$ ? B& K$ \: ~
* He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
' U4 g6 w6 \3 }0 [2 X, h * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 2 G0 E9 e5 R# E# b' {/ T z
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days. ; P5 V% t2 p& w8 V
2 j& t$ j0 p& f8 H: h! ` * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea. 3 _7 ^* M) u {' \
他拉了一阵肚子。
- R- G E$ y5 B- h' j7 f6 } * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)
8 A% p. @8 k" V/ U" n 大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。 |
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