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英文写作必背句型

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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
* i) m  y6 a7 T4 |1 J. q~~~ the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc). e" W0 c' `  G- I6 S5 F) O
例句:Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.( K3 r. O: j; f; `$ z$ M% D# z+ E
海伦是我所看过最美丽的女孩。
* e/ m4 i7 C8 V$ f# DMr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
; I% z  u1 P8 k" ]9 V张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。" Q% R4 Q! @" J2 K6 ?7 O
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V
) {8 R! J: v, }/ W  q6 Z  V0 DNothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V8 r6 t' d( s0 J" j
例句:Nothing is more important than to receive education.
5 d% E9 `' A+ x4 Q没有比接受教育更重要的事。! u) r% E) o8 `* X' a
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.5 E7 S4 T0 m8 T. @- d4 |8 g% L
(再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。)- h; a& S' ?% ?0 T
例句:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.1 @. W) h' K& i4 Q: t1 a
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
  S% u3 A# \& u' \% {9 B四、There is no denying that + S + V ...(不可否认的...); t3 W& u9 x- e8 P% e& s8 `
例句:There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.7 u+ T  \: n( _' s2 V
不可否认的,我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
3 R6 S6 l/ b* l五、It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ (全世界都知道...)
$ N" O$ e2 K& i1 f* i例句:It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
9 ?7 O) q+ v  |9 W% k2 C: |全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。' I" n7 p: s0 t6 {" F2 j& i
六、There is no doubt that + 句子~~ (毫无疑问的...)* Q7 [% z. n1 v' G! m+ l/ |7 ~
例句:There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
$ e8 V" y$ u, N4 a( _/ z8 a% l' h毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。3 @" C' a8 ]$ r/ P
七、An advantage of ~~~ is that + 句子(...的优点是...)
+ R& I5 S* R9 ^' A7 v& |例句:An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create (produce) any pollution.9 }- ^. O8 |  b  n. A9 b: |0 Z
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
; t% ]8 C3 B7 n, k! `! `2 I八、The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子(...的原因是...)
3 J! q$ |0 i" w8 Q' i+ M+ d例句:The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.; v7 v  v$ k$ F+ W$ c
The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
. N. e& Y* }3 U/ q5 s& |3 \* P" T, F& @' v" K  x5 p( O
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
8 K' B! V* S" f" Z4 ^8 R九、So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that + 句子(如此...以致于...)1 Z$ p7 Q- Y0 G! I. K) p$ ?
例句:So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.; S! f/ L) F( y* p4 @, G' \% Y
时间是如此珍贵,我们经不起浪费它。7 [9 q* \0 z6 W: \% q
十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be, S + V~~~ (虽然...)
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例句:Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.7 P  R5 o( w0 m& u4 k) F
{by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不}' H# k; ?. n1 W7 ~0 O' U
虽然我们的国家富有,我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。
, @" L, v6 p( B. @/ E/ `十一、The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V ~~~
9 s3 J6 f9 d' K' F1 v. ?/ bThe + more + Adj + S + V, ~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈..,愈...)
% }' u: w9 N% p/ N例句:The harder you work, the more progress you make.
) p- t/ @) W8 z* l( ?. Z你愈努力,你愈进步。
2 t' N0 \' a- ]! jThe more books we read, the more learned we become.
$ w2 b8 W1 D- N/ u我们书读愈多,我们愈有学问。
" @: G# ^7 Y0 c$ c+ d十二、By +Ving, ~~ can ~~ (借着...,..能够...)
4 |, v+ n) D$ }. [7 ]0 ~5 o; q( x例句:By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.; M/ f0 O3 B! t9 Z
借着做运动,我们能够始终保持健康。8 @2 w4 W; C7 Q: B% }! h' G0 G
十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V (..使..能够..)/ A! Q. p; I* J0 v* r$ ?- t
例句:Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.
3 `+ K, h7 \$ @5 {听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。& W% [$ z3 i. g8 E& U
十四、On no account can we + V ~~~ (我们绝对不能...)
8 L, ^- Z  e9 z' k7 w例句:On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
0 H9 ]1 b' t6 W我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。1 e+ f4 t; U# q4 `4 {& g
十五、It is time + S + 过去式 (该是...的时候了)) F  C1 R% b! n5 c. q' \4 T
例句:It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems." M! K7 s# m( t5 F
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。" w& P# w6 \( p% F1 E
十六、Those who ~~~ (...的人...)
0 G7 Z+ u. J5 W- ~7 G& Z例句:Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
' K9 ?4 k' N, A: N8 p/ ~$ ]违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。- B2 M( n2 w1 @+ {: u$ c
十七、There is no one but ~~~ (没有人不...)& j  ?5 P" i! Z2 Y  `
例句:There is no one but longs to go to college.  p, a/ X. x( x
没有人不渴望上大学。
7 [$ \( s/ _; z0 w1 c十八、be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V (不得不...), J4 ~" W- f$ `( E/ P# i- M
例句:Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.既然考试迫在眉睫,我不得不放弃做运动。5 [+ Q) i* e5 b; e8 r& I
十九、It is conceivable that + 句子 (可想而知的)
& L# \: Q, t2 G. s  ]* U) VIt is obvious that + 句子 (明显的)
  X4 f# {& J9 rIt is apparent that + 句子 (显然的)
8 G7 q. t# c3 q8 f6 E) L( T. z7 J) [! C  n例句:It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.) W, ^3 _$ j9 `% p; Q5 d
可想而知,知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
; R3 ~3 O! A3 W3 ~5 A" v0 b二十、That is the reason why ~~~ (那就是...的原因)
5 @& S# x/ I$ {* u例句:Summer is sultry. That is the reason why I don't like it.
# N4 H4 E* _9 W: W! o: ^0 O3 G/ P夏天很燠热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。
. w. D; y/ N' F二十一、For the past + 时间,S + 现在完成式...(过去..年来,..一直..)
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例句:For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination./ v" D' ]: x( H" P" c- l- p
过去两年来,我一直忙着准备考试。
% n3 Q3 ~! J. R二十二、Since + S + 过去式,S + 现在完成式。
0 V+ p' b$ i! u' {* x4 W. M例句:Since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.
2 r! l) h1 n- _" ^* H9 e/ Q自从他上高中,他一直很用功。
. ?" T/ Z& k+ \4 g二十三、It pays to + V ~~~ (...是值得的。)
- U& d7 h' C. W例句:It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
4 w6 q3 ]' j4 Z0 O* z6 @- K) t/ N二十四、be based on (以...为基础)* s9 F( w4 m' J1 Z
例句:The progress of thee society is based on harmony.- x. m* e7 |9 Y1 P6 U; J
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。0 W0 ]  l1 ]5 v; T. q% w
二十五、Spare no effort to + V (不遗余力的)1 d  A) I8 l: `) g, m$ X  o
We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.* D' i$ U+ p; x7 ~$ T! t6 v" Z
我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。5 M9 E8 U4 M' G# ~$ R
二十六、bring home to + 人 + 事 (让..明白..事)
% h7 D) m: [$ V0 s0 P8 F3 I例句:We should bring home to people the value of working hard.$ K3 X0 ^7 x$ [8 I, s
我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。7 S" q& {3 M& j& ~/ D6 j; p  W3 ~
二十七、be closely related to ~~ (与..息息相关)0 f. b% u  e& ^4 A, G2 f! \
例句:Taking exercise is closely related to health.; o3 M' r8 l& \; u; h
做运动与健康息息相关。& H0 s3 }4 g& V
二十八、Get into the habit of + Ving
3 j: z: Y. @$ C8 s/ k= make it a rule to + V (养成...的习惯)
& X$ o# e, N( C: rWe should get into the habit of keeping good hours.5 e( B& o( {7 x' H1 G6 ?* ]
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
3 n7 i  s# I% k9 i  b二十九、Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ (因为...)1 @% U6 o, A! G, M- a! l9 H$ A0 ?
例句:Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.
! a2 \7 v) z6 I2 w) q! x  ~因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。: z0 Q+ f' F1 @" ^# B$ a  u

5 {) y5 ]) J' u  l5 i0 p0 G! p) R
  ~5 z8 \' t3 T) h9 d7 g3 U( Y
三十、What a + Adj + N + S + V!= How + Adj + a + N + V!(多么...!)
9 T! t3 J5 {& _6 |0 j1 G例句:What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
; }6 c+ |& W3 I: DHow important a thing it is to keep our promise!
" N9 O' {0 P& Z7 M; d) X遵守诺言是多么重要的事!5 z2 j: O$ i+ s0 `' q. {2 n# V# O5 Y, B
三十一、Leave much to be desired (令人不满意)  A: z* U9 b3 A
例句:The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
) m  e: ?8 i$ p0 ?/ `; V! e我们的交通状况令人不满意。
3 S  u" V8 P7 |( y; D5 k三十二、Have a great influence on ~~~ (对..有很大的影响)
! V3 c/ S& ~' b2 L例句:Smoking has a great influence on our health.3 E  U2 {6 z" Z5 H' o
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
3 k4 Q1 d1 w/ f; [5 _5 I, Q三十三、do good to (对..有益),do harm to (对..有害)
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老杨团队 追求完美
例句:Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益
: ^. f$ }( D( Y( |, AOverwork does harm to health.工作过度对健康有害。
1 v' \2 e# h' L& f  t9 C三十四、Pose a great threat to ~~ (对...造成一大威胁)
0 @- t5 P4 W1 l9 k0 t例句:Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
- d8 i( i4 K. s9 W) ~0 N污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。6 @# q$ o) Y+ {' g
三十五、do one's utmost to + V = do one's best (尽全力去...)
# ?7 B: _8 D- x" G3 {5 w8 d. b4 x例句:We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life.
& O  t( c1 {' S9 z) e0 M' x我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
3 ?9 M+ m+ {! J% D/ _4 ^
/ Q) K, `7 t& F* _! k" b2 V4 e
/ ^( F' J2 C- h% b4 \: ^- a% X英文写作必背造词
! c! i4 j' U/ ^' ]5 t  o5 {+ ?欣赏大自然的风景 to appreciate the scenery of nature$ R: ^) ?- t# v4 w) Z( r( a- R
培养公德心 to cultivate the public mindedness
& @. h& j% F8 P3 N8 {" ]8 ~+ ?# C维护健康 to maintain health$ V, G$ f( P- W! l) m3 h; z9 a
保护环境 to protect the environment
/ G8 ^' N* \) s# c6 c开拓视野 to broaden the horizon
; H6 U3 f3 d) G" k开拓心胸 to broaden the mind
0 ^; k4 m2 t  s/ y( s* h调剂生活 to make life pleasant0 q# Z! t, [( ]: X- v, _! @7 G
松散身心 to relax oneself
1 v3 o, A, t  L# `! |0 I启迪心灵 to enlighten the mind4 j: q& N) x9 C
灌输知识 to impart knowledge into someone
9 t7 P, P9 x: F$ i追求理想 to seek after the ideal# A4 ^8 ?; e6 {' p
实现抱负 to realize one's ambition
7 |. X& ?; {+ {  n" B( Q守信用 to keep one's promise
( k; \! D7 ^" W& M$ c1 G4 p3 \跟上时代 to keep up with the times  x7 V( l( G8 |8 X
欣赏古典文学 to appreciate the classical literature
( t) @. H& m0 k2 r' p& [1 O6 j学习吉他 to learn guitar" v# M7 n) Z  v) K
陶冶品德 to cultivate the character5 Z! b  j9 A/ Z% p$ L0 Z
贡献国家 to contribute oneself to the country
9 D7 h# M4 V8 L' A, d# V& Y锻炼身体 to strengthen, exercise the body  A9 m- F# X. h
缺乏休闲活动 to lack recreations
- Z: t# r; Y& ^$ p! h8 c作笔记 to take notes
) R- L$ O/ ]; v. L/ L! ^* u使用参考书 to use reference books
1 J. n: ]) t. n7 m0 o2 V关心社会 to be concerned about the society
7 R( w6 }& [; Y* F7 O服从校规 to follow the rules of the school& c. y& D0 B! g# |/ \# t7 ?. Z2 T% s& {
尽身为学生的责任 to fulfill one's duty as a student6 ~7 y0 |/ r  {. }/ s
克服困难 to overcome the difficulty
3 V; D/ _2 M9 S+ z4 Q面临困难 to be confronted with the difficulty
  |. Q' J# u  ?* H渡过困境 to weather the storm! e9 e3 f6 S5 V* g2 s
走快捷方式 to cut the corner
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量脉搏 to feel the pulse
) m2 m& r4 s& r% _! K, v2 }# ~: e开药方 to prescribe the medicine
* ]" _7 d& {) \* }坚守原则 to stick to the principle& m, G- Z1 b2 b* `7 R$ K& H
注意卫生 to emphasize the importance of hygiene
6 c6 K2 Z/ O5 l9 ^! k) |: G/ b乱丢垃圾 to litter; to scatter garbage
' }3 h) S# O6 Y0 v9 ~1 e8 i( {美化环境 to beautify the environment2 i8 `4 Z/ E) k$ F
种植树木 to grow trees$ R* r+ l- t% w5 Y2 R1 f/ {
防止污染 to prevent the pollution
& i2 i  t7 o1 a! n& g; G3 l提升生活品质 to promote the qualities of life
% H7 F7 i5 x( ?& o+ \造成损害 to do damage to; a6 p) H+ x- i0 H0 }
对...有益 to benefit; to be beneficial to
4 E: j0 t; ?- z% V/ t对...有害 to be harmful to; to do harm to
, m% S2 |) d. p3 g" [任意停车 to park the car at random
: }' b! Y* Q& {8 e, U$ ^+ K" x9 w$ a制造噪音 to make noises, G! h% b/ p1 d) h6 r0 Z% S
占用人行道 to occupy the sidewalk% z5 F3 n  @9 Q1 r$ o
妨碍交通 to hinder the traffic5 y( n; x( A/ i8 ^
排放污烟、废气 to belch smoke, exhaust, fume8 M) V9 K, {/ k- h: u; }
造成不便 to cause inconvenience
% x$ S6 e& R; O) j+ p# O0 H造成混乱 to bring about the disorder9 W. D, r, z% ?  J2 H- K9 G: l2 G
闯红灯 to run through the red light3 e5 Z0 s$ V- ^3 c; p& {
利用天桥 to make use of the overpass
  d  V7 Z1 ?- K  {: f1 {查字典 to consult the dictionary
# X  r4 L" M- Y! t3 F/ W: x2 P屏息 to hold one's breath
; I0 Y2 i4 _9 P4 s2 z! W流泪 to shed tears
6 C/ C8 T, b3 _3 e, o3 `: ^% b符合需要 to meet the demand' Q% u* o8 O0 y9 W" Y
生根 to take root
* \5 y$ P2 P1 ~- A: n产生结果 to bear fruit' r/ Q! |: J: N% N! f- v6 V
打破沉默 to break the ice5 O: {! x5 P) _9 C
气馁 to lose heart; to get discouraged
6 E2 c- A) n. f9 v  G# D$ A, Y振作 to pull oneself together; to take heart6 x* y6 X" x- a# d
采取步骤 to take steps; to take measures4 }0 q: L. j( |, C& P5 _# M: C
缓和悲伤 to ease ( alleviate ) the sorrow
( S  ^7 |) h: g  O7 F0 \承受负担 to bear the responsibility
: b+ ]" a7 r2 l# K0 q; P考虑到 to make allowance for( j8 u/ d4 w3 z
把握机会 to seize the opportunity8 G1 P! V1 ~! X/ s6 c9 d2 r
跑腿 to run an errand0 _4 {  n( _8 W6 r8 e+ c; Y. b$ ~* |6 ^
树立楷模 to set a good example
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接受教育 to receive education: z6 E/ T! m- g/ |$ G
提升生活的水准 to raise the standard of living, p- q; W% L, [/ A
告辞 to take one's leave
! G) ?1 |. }0 w2 b: N5 m# @- Z有很深的了解 to have a deep understanding of
0 U. p) u/ {( `跟随流行 to follow the fashion- \6 g% R  K- A  H6 v
提钱 to withdraw money4 w! f7 B# q9 Z4 \
存钱 to deposit money
) ?# D+ A* R4 @5 c! v& W, Y6 n# S+ o良心不安 the conscience stirs8 N' Q( {! D& U, P# ^+ `( y
自立 to be independent; to stand on one's own, y' X/ y( g( _; q" d; m
英文很好 to have a good command of English- q5 V/ J1 [, j' w0 b! t1 L  y
有广泛的知识 to have a wide range of knowledge
. T8 ^% X! V" `# {, q喜爱艺术 to have a great liking for arts
- d7 P3 @2 Y" S6 D  x; N5 H扮演重要角色 to play an important role in
0 `0 M4 ?* |8 e1 ^4 z; T聊天 to have a chat with: ?! \8 h4 `: a+ K; G0 m+ E
有...才能 to have a talent for) E, b( K( c* e5 t0 l9 e
选择 to make a choice
4 A# w* j8 J3 Y8 h, U, ^) g有很大的影响 to have a great influence on
7 v9 W6 E# o% x予人...很深的印象 to make a deep impression on) T& d; x3 l. L8 W1 ?
愚弄 to make a fool of
1 I7 P7 _6 T2 ^1 j- n找借口 to make an excuse
3 M1 |. X) ]; [) `1 u- G+ c8 n给人搭便车 to give one a lift! o: @* T5 [. |; x) p
打电话 to give someone a ring7 V/ v3 l* W/ D: `( P
冒险 to take chances
1 w" u: \5 p: R9 g/ Z2 N" S) ]怀恨 to bear grudge against someone
% p5 f6 y0 J0 `4 [! ^9 }9 r6 g牢记在心 to bear .....in mind
* v9 E% _* }. j. E- L板着脸 to pull a long face* r- ^+ _) `7 Z- H4 w
对...充耳不闻 to turn a deaf ear to
" S9 J0 Y/ m/ L5 u3 ]被开除 to be dismissed from school
- i7 H# V% v* I9 p. K7 }生气 to be angry with ( at )5 o+ p$ S$ N/ A& ?6 i
负担责任 to assume the responsibility( K& G1 V3 Y1 ]3 A$ t7 n& D  g
符合需要 to serve the purpose% Y- E' E  j% G6 d! N2 ?- F
变胖 to gain weight
' [; ~6 t7 r( j$ S- I" u1 P有道理 to make sense$ a# q- g1 r! l$ f9 R
记日记 to keep a diary6 I  ^+ i/ x8 X2 u; C6 x% Z
尽己所能 to do what one can
( z, q, M7 o) M' ^) j! H- h擅长网球 to be at home in tennis2 f4 w  n6 C4 }6 c' E& I, b* Q8 p- L
郊游 to go on an outing
* c8 H& {4 Z; V9 p, |0 b消磨时间 to kill time* k; ]* _1 Z" ]) I; W. b2 a
增加生活的情趣 to increase the pleasures of life7 t( I  `7 W! m2 X' G) x; m
精神抖擞 to be ( feel ) refreshed
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老杨团队,追求完美;客户至上,服务到位!
解除紧张和焦虑 to relieve the tension and anxiety3 H0 ^% ^7 v7 G7 _4 l, V$ V
宣泄久积的情绪 to release the pent-up feelings
. _6 l* J( v0 q& o9 ^0 N& S: {游手好闲 to fool around
) D4 ~9 B/ n" f2 @准备考试 to prepare for the examination
$ m+ M6 `4 w! j0 d5 m参加课外活动 to take part in the club activities0 M, [. m8 w5 q
无精打采的 to be listless. Q+ x0 d) N7 }, W6 O: K6 _
精力充沛的 to be vigorous, energetic
) Y+ p, t- Z3 _: h) @防台 to guard against the typhoon, q- |9 r7 d; b, b- F' }$ M
逃避现实 to escape the reality% ^% p# |8 P% O" J  ?) ]- B
达到目标 to achieve the aim4 L  h3 O, Y# p$ \
五育并重 to lay equal emphasis on the Five Disciplines  ^* K5 W8 F% p. Y# h* b
感到无聊 to feel ( be ) bored
0 m* M# x( z9 W* `感到剌激 to be excited' s# G4 l8 `7 U5 }) g, P- z7 H% f6 \" z
感到满意 to be pleased, satisfied
6 {# Z% Z9 p* W+ i5 t2 T感到失望 to be disappointed8 N7 I1 }3 v+ k9 C9 `
感到振奋 to be encouraged, inspired3 }. s& G( P& D8 q5 }
感到气馁 to be discouraged, frustrated9 O/ o* v. _4 |, A& j6 V' \3 d( L
感到疲倦的 to be exhausted
* H% b0 N5 T$ m% {8 K" v; \2 Y感到烦恼 to be worried, upset, disturbed, bothered
. L& X0 @6 P. b9 R* e( U& j8 L放弃理想 to abandon the ideal' M7 m/ `# E5 m; j& @
奠定基础 to lay the foundation
3 K* v) K6 Y. d$ ], a失去耐心 to lose patience
* v8 Y* W# W- u( g进步 to make progress
5 k# d* G; l4 n$ _$ A6 z7 K; {& C! V失去连络 to lose track of
, t9 ~3 J# `3 x, o& Y2 @& {; P保持连络 to keep in touch with
3 D# ~0 ]# p; S; }$ i! V误入歧途 to go astray& |9 \+ R" N, {6 G$ @0 g& L6 N
养成...的习惯 to make it a rule to; to cultivate the habit
" l6 S3 U' A- A, w4 Z统一中国 to reunify China
/ J% ~: W1 [: z& S+ V4 D5 g9 _# ]遇到交通阻塞 to be caught in a traffic jam
' I, o. N  k& a+ T  V- J' c给...教训 to teach someone a lesson& u" I0 h7 D! a3 S' a) @9 x4 C, D
改过自新 to turn over a new leaf6 v* r- X! b7 `0 ]2 ]
引以为乐 to take delight in
9 M8 a- W' |2 `% S% s% D予...以打击 to deal a heavy blow to0 S! h, ]* y1 L& l) M
予...以威胁 to pose a threat to
% G/ m/ R4 W& ?: k+ L取代 to take the place of" M: y5 J. x3 }& b- E2 s
预作保留 to make the reservation: t5 c3 s# P( f2 ]3 x; [5 x
使...澈夜未眠 to cost someone a sleepless night/ t6 X+ j+ s, S: x& j3 Y! E$ G
充满喜悦 to be filled with joy
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背诵 to learn....by heart
2 E5 b  Z1 M) q1 w9 P鼓励 to encourage, inspire
' [1 [# a) @' E% I6 w产生不同 to make a great difference
$ u; r1 d! q" e5 B" n5 x1 k犯法 to violate the law6 C3 A6 E( b- X9 c1 G7 G2 H
不遗余力 to spare no efforts to
. h% ~9 }" [+ N, V' L: p不辞辛劳 to take the pains to
5 M0 r: Q! l/ ~; ~7 k  to
  O0 _8 }. n4 b9 K: D# d
& E5 b( F5 J" x0 g$ A$ R  语气转承词
( Y' i7 z* \4 _. s6 V( y4 @$ W7 [) M! R1 {% G
语气转承词是连系意念的字,有助于增加文章的连贯性。转承词以两种重要的方式来增加连贯性;首先,转承词有助于该段文字自身间的连贯性,这时转承词安置于句间,以使前一句与次一句的语意流畅。其次,转承词有助于段落间的连系,置于段首的转承词,将前段所讨论的意念顺畅地过场到次一段,做进一步的申论。
) j2 s+ ^. e1 g  {$ W- X8 `" I' t+ ^' |  D
以下,就转承词的功能区分为十二种。学习者应记住不同转承词的功能,并就各大项中重要者熟背几个,将来段落写作时就可派上用场,以增加文章之流畅,以下是十二种转承词,分别用来表示:
6 p. M  v% [, w; j7 d: V3 k/ _1 v9 @; m( [: Y* o
一、解释( to explain )
: a8 A' M9 F, C$ _1. now现在;那么(表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等,通常置于句首并加逗点) 2. in addition而且;此外 3. in this case在这种情况下 4. in fact其实;实际上 5. for this reason因为这个缘故
" ~0 p  ?! b3 O( S例句:1.Now, follow the directions carefully.
0 z9 y" _- d$ M" j9 \+ ~2.In addition, there are two museums in the city.
1 r$ Z2 A) l  [5 Y) {: I' q$ s3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.
5 ^1 j$ R4 b- v6 K二、强调( to emphasize )
  Q' t; @. z5 ]9 P/ H  d, q8 _1. certainly确实地 2. indeed确实地 3. surely确实地 4. above all尤其;最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是) m, l# g/ m( A' s/ i
例句:1.Certainly the vacation was fun.4 \7 |- R- f( P
2.Indeed, no man is an island.谚语:人不能离群索居。3 t# f) W4 P8 {  L# v$ v1 Y2 [
3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)
# ~, ~6 }9 \8 B/ g% ^$ y
' w# k5 z1 Y$ M: [! y& B 三、举例( to illustrate )
  T8 o) @& U9 O0 U- o' l1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就这样 4. next其次;然后 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words换言之 8. that is to say换言之;那就是说 9. in particular尤其;特别 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特别地;主要地
: c$ G* w9 a8 g0 F$ I4 j) X& J, ^例句:1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.9 L9 s& }8 u1 U. T. Q+ ?! E
2.For instance, light travels faster than sound.# e0 n. v  [- R# t5 c& O2 J& k
3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.
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四、增加或附属( to add )3 f' g8 [" a9 g" ?
1. in addition而且;此外 2. furthermore而且;更有甚者 3. also也;而且 4. moreover而且;更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除...之外 9. what's more而且+ K0 H2 N3 z& V- P
例句:1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo.6 `. Q) w, K( L; b& a
2.furthermore, he is too old to do that.( K" H+ P+ H- M+ \
3.Also, she asked for some money.
3 u  O4 o, j3 @" k& g6 [) f
5 d+ l' f% B  g# V9 {4 @ 五、比较( to compare )尤其是相同性质的比较
5 [+ E# q, x, h4 _& |1. like像 2. likewise同样地 3. in the same way同样地 4. similarly同样地 5. too也 6.equally important同样重要地
. {9 r. M( D# s例句:1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer.
, {, b$ f. O4 |9 @' L* |5 P* h" D% m2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor.
5 [4 O* W* H9 \9 F! V% b& ^3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.
$ s& h- b$ P/ w" P, ^& _  M8 e# c+ f# F6 ]9 Y7 b8 @! f3 m9 T
 六、对比关系或相反的意思( to contrast )9 x& S( V" F0 I. {3 D
1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替;更换;反而 7. but然而;但是 8. instead of代替;不...而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all毕竟 14. in spite of虽然 15. despite虽然
# M7 q" d3 g3 r例句:1.Unlike Tom, John is brave.
* D' N4 i. K( H2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地,他们走上街头。
7 M  n6 g* L  L( B4 E4 v% L1 c3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.
  W& ]6 o+ o- k+ @, P% r/ P七、让步( to concede ); _6 ~3 R* |* O& `
1. although虽然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course当然 4. clearly确实地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或许2 I6 i& J+ _2 v$ z* ?! |
例句:1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her.3 q5 a% w% |1 r4 q( U; b) a6 Y) D) w
2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help.
( D; m+ L( q! M7 ]. F2 q& Q3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.5 H" @3 Z5 g; c# u7 v
八、结果( to state a consequence )
1 P2 N( b' X) `$ O, S1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表「因此」,「所以」,「结果」 7. so所以;因此
0 T5 p) ~/ G7 [- c4 F, a例句:1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected.
: n' L. _4 o- Y& h6 x2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.  {, w! M$ G3 l; P
3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.0 K! |) c7 `1 S
九、综合;总结( to sum up )
  a. ?1 h3 @+ a. b7 f% e7 J; n. ]( D# `1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表「总之」 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表「简言之」 11. by and large一般来说 12. finally最后 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整个来说 15. generally speaking大体而言;一般而论
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例句:1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday.5 L1 m' M' A: j8 U4 Z- T
2.In summary, recreation is a big business.
9 t; X& O1 G4 j3.I will tell it in a nutshell.
3 X/ ?: b4 n/ w$ P十、时间关系( to state sequence of time )
% J! ], g* `; O1. after a long time ( after a short time )过了很久,过了不久 2. after a long absence过了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同时 5. after a while一阵子之后 6. once曾经;一度 7. since then自从那时起 8. at the same time同时 9. temporarily暂时地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward后来 12. thereafter其后 13. lately最近;近来 14. sooner or later早晚
+ k$ i! x8 v5 y7 R3 t& j: T例句:1.They met after a long absence.# }0 P+ I7 f( M9 @! o0 f( N* d
2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy./ a& e( @$ r: I2 m7 j8 c$ N
3.Thereafter, they never met again.
) V  d# |' F8 Q1 e0 o# m* x' Q十一、顺序、列举或思想的延续( to state order )7 z! l6 t% N7 P
1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就这样 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同样地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然后 9. next下一个 10. again再次 11. finally最后;终于 12. eventually终于 13. by the way顺便一提 14. incidentally附带地;顺便一提  H' m2 d& _6 S, d: N
例句:1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger.
+ Q) ~4 l3 b( U% H2.Eventually, they came to an agreement., b0 p9 M5 `/ u5 D  z6 \7 k
3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.: U' R/ S3 N9 d$ G* Z6 z5 c
十二、方向( to state directions )  y3 o5 `! w$ M
1. below在...下面 2. next to在...的旁边 3. beyond超越;越过 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在...右边 5. further更远处 6. on the left在左边 7. here这里 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在...对面
$ J1 ?& q% c7 j( |9 c: N) U例句:1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church.! _' i2 b5 l( t* b$ l  H, j( j
2.On my right lies the beautiful river., C. |' C% v6 W9 F  v
3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree.) Z# i1 [6 r& D/ |+ U1 K) f: H
---------------------------------------------------------------* ?+ e% f) G1 x' B  x( e
 英文作文「起、承、转、合用语精选」+ i, j: z7 N/ e+ k% q  R6 _

4 b  T1 V1 a( m' O2 r英文作文之起、承、转、合用语是帮助同学使文章之前后语气连贯、表意流畅,从而使全文看起来肌理分明、组织结构严谨,以便在作文写作上拿到更好的分数。但以下所列者,同学要想在短时间内速成,不妨在起、承、转、合用语中各选六、七个用法不同者熟背之,并试着在自己平常的作文中运用出来,使熟能生巧,才能令你的作文如虎添翼。当然,同学不应该忘记,这些用词只是套语,真正重要的还是文章内容,所以平常多读、多写,丰富自己的意念与想象力,才是作文拿高分的最佳途径。
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2.As far as I know, S + V...据我所知,…  d3 N! T1 D* V
3.As the saying goes, S + V...常言道,…) o3 v' P. {( ~! a1 ~$ W. l3 {
4.Everybody knows that + S + V...众所周知,…
/ I9 U! |9 ^8 D5 k5.Frankly speaking, S + V...坦白地说,…9 B0 D  D% W* ^( ^
6.Generally speaking, S + V...一般而言,…
/ M/ S6 k. z3 |) d6 M+ v/ \7.I'm of the opinion that + S + V...依我之见,…3 A; p8 U- o9 _
8.I am greatly convinced that + S + V...我深信,…
& e1 S2 v  |4 C. P! q2 e! {; E9.In dealing with..., one cannot but admit that S + V...在讨论…,一个人不得不承认…
3 x8 |! v! e- u# V3 ~10.In general, S + V...一般而言,…* c! b# G( n# k* N" ]
11.In my opinion, S + V...依我之见,…
' J5 _; d2 s" d  K3 `; I12.It can be easily proved that S + V...…是容易证明的4 Z. `. p* q% I$ p4 b% e' V6 ]
13.It goes without saying that S + V...不消说,…( g: T! {" g' \" W
14.It is out of the question to V…是不可能的
' E$ J/ E, E; ~/ X/ Z5 f15.It's quite obvious that S + V...不消说,…4 t5 l) }3 V( E4 k: I5 g
16.It is said ( reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料 ) that...据说
: J( T2 }8 E5 R2 E% H17.It is important ( necessary必要的, urgent紧急的, proper适当的 ) that S (should) + V(…是)重要的+ a  C6 I" f, W2 A" i9 C% z# m
18.It's true that + S + V...事实是
4 @/ z2 t9 }4 M* J% B/ [19.Lucky to say, S + V...说来幸运,…. \* y* w& v  P2 l
20.Needless to say, S + V...不消说,…# E/ G) C% R  V/ ]/ T
21.No one can deny that + S + V...没有人可以否认…, Q+ j' d! H% `; v9 ~- N: o: ^7 p
22.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as ...世界上没有什么比…更令我高兴
+ G* \3 b2 t/ Z0 M23.Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than...在我所认识的人当中,也许没有一个人比…更值得我尊敬
. X6 A6 C) @" S  ?0 j24.On the average, S + V...一般而言,…
& J, n! N9 R- u3 T$ d25.Regretful to say, S + V...说来遗憾,…. h5 r$ s! L0 ?  d. J
26.Sad to say, S + V...说来可悲,…! G9 y# F2 x' M
27.Strange to say, S + V...说来奇怪,…
* B5 a$ d* \, u: J28.Strictly speaking, S + V...严格地说,…
4 z0 A6 t: o- a" H29.There is no doubt that S + V...毫无疑问,…
5 O) n. N$ c- u' O7 z30.There is no V-ing...…是不可能的
1 T! z7 f' P+ Y9 M31.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…- p. J9 m9 K  |$ w5 `0 m7 b2 c
32.To the best of my knowledge, S + V...据我所知,…
% n1 f. [6 @' J' X8 p+ [' X# u( H* s. P, I* [8 E* d( \
  (承)1 j, E/ @2 g8 |( ]
, ?! h) y6 d5 G6 }! E8 F/ E
1.According to + N , S + V...根据…,…
* w1 L! |/ x8 P+ e$ n* W3 o2.As a matter of fact, S + V...实际上,…
! o! r* U/ D0 F6 K/ m3.As far as I'm concerned, S + V...就我而论,…
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4.As good ( ill ) luck would have it, S + V...幸运地(不幸地)) F3 n: x) t7 s2 ~
5.As is often the case with + O, S + V...…对…是常有的事
9 Q/ U9 @4 h; H) Y1 X6.Besides, we should not neglect that S + V...此外,我们不应忽略
5 H$ t4 |; @3 G7.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, ...但是问题不是如此单纯。所以…
0 w. L' C3 X. L) c2 G/ Z1 K3 u# X8.But it is a pity that S + V...但是遗憾的是…
# {& X& R& w& [* R9 u9.Compared with + N, S + V...较之…,…1 J5 Q& c& h5 ?. O# G
10.Even if ( Though ) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...即使…,…
0 E: K8 S& i1 ]11.First of all, S + V...首先,…
6 X' e% @0 ]2 y2 [- F12.For all + N, S + V...虽然…,…8 O/ ]( k. C/ F8 Y" r) [
13.For example, S + V...例如,…
' _# v. @/ O0 ?7 A14.For instance, S + V...例如,…
, v/ V+ q' k! {5 H( r) A3 }( ?7 w9 Y15.For one thing, S + V...一则,…, i  A, N% L: }# c6 s! S
16.For the other, S + V...另一方面,…/ K: q" U  c. R; @
17.For this reason, S + V...因为这个缘故,…
/ z& F5 r# g2 z0 u. ]8 {. a18.I take it for granted that S + V...我认为…是理所当然的# @7 m; B6 O5 e$ a" y& G5 T8 O
19.If we take ... into account ( consideration ), we + V...如果我们考虑到…,我们…
+ D( I  R2 m: q- K: S$ {' w2 j3 k20.In accordance with + N, S + V...根据…,…
  I. v- K4 R+ W! e21.In addition, we should + V...此外,我们必须…' x" ~' c0 w. M+ q) k) k+ d
22.In all likelihood, S + V...十之八九,…& S# @/ `/ T" x- [
23.In comparison with + N, S + V...和…比较,…
2 E5 u* K8 b  o6 H; n9 j" F24.In fact ( reality, truth ), S + V...事实上,…( F* f9 U: t; \: e
25.In nine cases out of ten, S + V...十之八九,…
7 }" N" q$ X. |! V& N1 a+ w& r26.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…
4 c9 c) ^  L9 g/ y, @27.In relation ( respect, regard, reference ) to + N, S + V...关于…,…# h. {% s7 [2 d6 E
28.In spite of + N, S + V...虽然…,…
, k) o7 i: M, N; Y' U29.In the beginning, S + V...首先,…
# W9 |1 {4 ]% @1 i; j/ k3 S. I30.In the first place, S + V...首先,…
, r8 K8 B  Y6 W, D, C, c, ~31.It is not too much to say that S + V...…说起来并不过份8 p/ d. ?5 e6 ~1 D3 u9 C$ e' P
32.No matter wh- + S1 + V1, S2 + V2...无论…,…, j) U3 w1 d! D; ~
33.To begin with, S + V...首先,…* D! N: H. \, o' D
34.To change another words, S + V...换句话说,…( ?8 Y: @/ L1 t
35.To cite an old saying, S + V...套句古人说的话,…  u7 D2 J" i* U
36.To one's astonishment, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…
+ q$ l2 d" s: q4 o  m; f37.To one's delight, S + V...令某人高兴地,…! ^" C* [, D9 ~7 ^2 t0 x" J
38.To one's disappointment, S + V...令某人失望地 ,…& i* e0 R3 O$ {
39.To one's excitement, S + V...令某人兴奋地,…
- h: R# F6 v: F& Y' w+ G- H40.To one's joy, S + V...令某人高兴地,…: F2 r9 E0 g2 j7 g  q
41.To one's regret, S + V...令某人后悔地,…
, |- d; C( ^) g$ Z9 i42.To one's surprise, S + V...令某人吃惊地,…* y( ]% k+ j; a! e, R: Y
43.To start with, S + V...首先,…
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同言同羽 置业良晨
44.To take...for example, S + V...举…为例,…
2 E* d7 o: h- n  [3 b45.We have enough reasons to V我们有足够的理由…
4 E" P: D) Y6 W2 i46.What I must emphasize is ...我必须强调的是…
; `) `, z& i. ?- I47.What's more, S + V...此外 ,…( w& t: K' F# d$ x: l
48.What seems to be the problem is that S + V...问题似乎是…
5 e6 H1 Z1 s. }" C. r2 W0 G2 [& l% p: E; D7 u/ g# [! r
  (转)1 H1 r3 ~' ?7 }; J6 |2 `

9 [- j  x) u1 M% m7 e9 M% P: k1.By contrast, if..., it will certainly be the fact that S + V...相反地,假如…,那一定…
. _: V5 F  c# N3 F2.But for + N, S + V(假设法过去式或过去完成式)...若非…,…  A- n0 A& e4 ]0 Y! W; {; ]! O
3.From now on, S + V...从现在起
- T) b/ G, A- ^9 V  G9 b* p4.Hardly had + S1 + V1(p.p.) when ( before ) + S2 + V2...一…就…
6 G' a; t# X- @1 f0 {5.Have you ever + V (p.p.)....?你曾经…吗?* I6 z( ?9 _- h5 X
6.If by any chance S1 + V1, S2 + V2....万一…,…$ P# Q4 i& K# l& s0 Z4 g% R7 {# j; g; Y
7.If only + S + V...!但愿…!
4 A0 Z# L7 \  p3 k8 O! f8.In other words, S + V...换句话说,…0 ^- X, I. q; I  f
9.In the meantime, S + V...同时,…6 t8 R5 G" s# f) D7 M* C+ S
10.In the similar way, S + V...同样地,…
- ]& |7 V( _9 K7 w0 ]8 E11.In this manner, S + V...如此一来,…
$ D6 @2 O. g* k12.In this light if..., there can surely be no doubt that S + V...有鉴于于此,假如…,确实无疑地…6 U6 `6 Q) X" I  M
13.Indeen, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错…,但是…% q6 U; x- N1 K9 G8 c' q) R. ]
14.It's 强调的人、事、物、地、时 + that S + V...正是…' r: M7 s5 z+ ^3 S$ V# G+ \; i
15.It's high ( about ) time for + O + to V...该是…的时候了, ~. x, d+ n4 x  Y  o0 S
16.It's high ( about ) time that + S + should V...该是…的时候了6 L" o- |6 X- t1 k, z4 W
17.It stands to reason that S + V...…是理所当然的
3 Z$ I0 o7 f  T4 o18.No doubt, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2...没错,…,但是…5 C4 J( c% ], S/ T! ?9 \: i4 A
19.Now that S1 + V1, S2 + V2...既然…,…
+ X) R! J) A  c: t1 t; m20.On the contrary, S + V...相反地,…
; p; w( Z; w; e1 l3 v5 R% z21.On the one hand, S + V...一方面,…
3 A- o4 L& l( w! `22.On the other hand, S + V...另一方面,…- s$ b; k, e! p5 b$ n) d+ z
23.On ( Upon ) V-ing, S + V...一…就…* u* e! H9 r% q5 z
24.Owing to + N, S + V...由于…,…
4 u# e$ A9 _# H: M0 T9 o25.The chief reason why + S + V + is...…主要的原因是…
( D. ~) s. u7 z' _" e; m5 r26.To do one justice, S + V...公平而论,…/ W8 A( V5 l  I2 A* Y
27.To make matters worse, S + V...更糟的是,…6 W5 u9 j9 z4 x. X
28.To put it differently, S + V...换句话说,…
  y& y  T9 q6 P; c3 H7 b29.To tell the truth, S + V...老实说,…, I3 {6 a* `+ c, i" L# l3 p3 Z  v
30.Undoubtedly ( Absolutely ) S + V...毫无疑问地,…4 @3 D) X9 U2 u: i$ @- k
31.We must recognize that S + V...我们必须承认
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32.We cannot be too +我们愈…愈好4 f/ ]  g3 U/ ?9 u
33.We cannot + V + too +我们愈…愈好* b6 Z9 ]: e+ [" `5 |6 r6 F: G; u
34.We cannot over-V我们愈…愈好8 }, d& t9 ^3 k, L) P. P
35.What if S + V.........?要是…该怎么办?0 c* C+ J2 k+ ~* z0 i- n8 f2 t
36.What's worse, S + V...更糟的是 ,…# G6 C( P( f" G
37.Without + N, S + V(假设法)... 若非…,…
! C) {, b! ]) g( D38., not to mention + N…,更甭说…+ v5 f: W. v/ h! k3 a$ e
39.; that is to say, S + V...…,那就是 ,…
% _  F  p, Q  R. F( c(合): a" t" i8 C( k9 j* Y& F( s# g( S

' q  q3 y0 g- c" F  i1.Above all ( things ), S + V...最重要地,…: w- I1 P0 ~5 {% x4 U+ n& r
2.According to the aforementioned, S + V...综观上述所云,…
$ O: z* e$ ~0 i) C3.As a result ( consequence ), S + V...结果,…
: w/ v) d3 _" q4.As long as S1+ V1, S2 + V2...只要…,…
# r, {2 ?+ d" G# D5.As we know from the above, S + V...由上述我们可知,…
7 l) p  B, Z6 R0 d4 h8 B6.At any rate ( cost ), we should V...无论如何,我们应该…
+ u; l8 q/ E0 R9 I7.Because of this, we can find that S + V...因为如此,我们可以知道…; A1 @) u8 X* _4 |
8.For this reason, S + V...基于此因 ,…. j. R$ b, b' p/ ^# S" Y
9.From the ... point of view, ...从…的观点来看,…
" K" H. E0 p' s7 ]6 a5 i10.If we can do as mentioned above, there can be no doubt that S + V...假如我们能做到以上所提者,无疑地…* y3 ?2 S/ ^# D5 k, F, T$ _
11.In a word, S + V...一言以蔽之,…/ M2 m% N# z7 A8 _0 S- a4 T
12.In any case, we should V 无论如何,我们应该…/ `* d5 Q, y% y2 z6 ~+ c
13.In short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…8 `' T) \& H. L+ T6 s
14.In conclusion, we should V 总而言之,我们应该…2 s9 p$ E. n( E+ |
15.Judging from the above, S + V...从以上来判断 ,…3 A8 c( \# h7 ~/ ^6 L: @
16.Last but not least, S + V...最后还有一件重要的事就是…
+ a; U5 ?! A: _- F) L9 t17.Only by this can we V...只有以此我们才能…
+ ]8 V* Z  R3 I; N  M/ ?) Y2 Z/ v18.On the whole, S + V...整体而论 ,…' b8 Y- \) q2 d
19.On this ground, S + V...基于此种原因
" D+ C* ~  n1 K( r1 N20.Owing to this fact we can find that S + V...因此我们可以知道…
7 o3 S! Y$ a- E& F21.The long and the short of it, S + V...总之 ,…) E* q3 E! _; ~% s
22.To be short ( brief ), S + V...简而言之 ,…  s5 H! r3 s* w7 {$ t0 Z
23.To sum up ( conclude ), S + V...总之 ,…
( m! c& ~9 \! l4 b4 c24.Thus, this is the reason why S + V...因此,这就是为什么…的原因
/ x  L* S/ S$ {! w/ s) z3 m25.Under no circumstances should we V...无论如何我们绝不…' b6 `4 c' V2 o. h0 O
26.What we must do is to V...我们只要…就可以了
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