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本帖最后由 绿袖子 于 2014-4-2 23:42 编辑 : R" [3 {- o$ H* z B: m' ~
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% A& A+ H( \6 a5 g0 zCan you determine the origin (country) of a product from the barcode ?
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Bar codes are something most of us never think about. If you look in your fridge or pantry right now, you will find that just about every package you see has a bar code printed on it. In fact, nearly every item that you buy in a grocery shop, supermarket or superstore has a bar code on it somewhere.8 O5 e$ @% \2 [9 G5 q y
Bar codes were first used commercially in 1966, but it was soon realised that there would have to be a common standard. By 1970, the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code (UGPIC) was written by a company called Logicon Inc. The standard was further improved and led to the Universal Product Code (UPC) symbol set. To this very day, this standard is used in the United States and Canada . In June of 1974, the first UPC scanner was installed at a Marsh's supermarket in Troy, Ohio, and the first product to have a bar code was Wrigley's Gum.
, |9 a( P* n. pThe Universal Product Code was the first bar code symbology widely adopted. Its birth is usually set at 3 April 1973, when the grocery industry formally established UPC as the standard bar code symbology for product marking. Foreign interest in UPC led to the adoption of the EAN (European Article Numbering) code format, similar to UPC, in December 1976." @5 S- f% f. w( G
Currently, the United States and Canada use UPC bar codes as their standard for retail labelling, whereas the rest of the world uses EAN. Since January 1, 2005 all retail scanning systems in the USA must be able to accept the EAN-13 symbol as well as the standard UPC-A. This change will eliminate the need for manufacturers who export goods to the US and enjoyedmontoncts.' Z: r( }8 ^. X8 v7 D c! d
The first 2 (sometimes 3) digits, which are called the “flag”, indicate in what country the bar code was issued. This “flag” does not tell you, however, in what country the product was produced.% q3 s; j+ @, ~; O4 D
The country codes used are :
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) y$ l; k6 x& s3 m. g6 gCODE \COUNTRY" v" g5 G J+ B( r
00-13 USA & Canada/ b" m# M" u* A! _
20-29 reserved for local use (shops/supermarkets)
* j% g( K: [" V30-37 France
) M, l$ k, I2 n6 v% h8 _& \; x380 Bulgaria
, \, S8 V: `. f. D383 Slovenia
" o. W- m0 p/ P385 Croatia
% f* Y' f/ u7 j- g2 S0 S- w387 Bosnia-Herzegovina. e( S! w6 w ]# W1 _( k
400-440 Germany0 J: x& X0 r* J
45 Japan2 b' m2 K. E" |
46 Russian Federation0 o% Q- s" v( i3 p+ f! A% | \+ S5 A
471 Taiwan& K0 w9 f1 V0 L4 f6 [# Z
474 Estonia
3 K* {1 j% v9 ?* p475 Latvia7 J: ]% d+ d. k0 ]1 Y+ S, l
476 Azerbaijan4 p9 Z9 U1 y8 O% t4 l9 S
477 Lithuania
" ^0 j) G0 [" J+ |478 Uzbekistan
' k" d7 X! O# i6 U: S* O479 Sri Lanka
) `3 I' A- v& ]' s1 M+ `480 Philippines* e4 p5 W' J2 Q! k3 q0 k. X
481 Belarus
/ K: m E: ^3 s( C( c% f482 Ukraine
6 { j2 U1 f+ ^) `7 H7 q& ?6 ~! S9 A484 Moldova( N8 F" ]* x8 k; J" F
485 Armenia& H, z( m, y+ h4 [# u- t) ^
486 Georgia
' \. z( A* ? E- v487 Kazakhstan
# v D, O8 x- y4 u7 |489 Hong Kong
$ n5 O3 o" }/ z9 Y49 Japan
3 c( r5 z% P0 l) n% p5 e& z8 R50 UK: H. @) g. M4 c- X+ z$ c
520 Greece
* g+ w. e4 \% q' _- ]528 Lebanon
5 z+ {/ ?% P# P! E529 Cyprus
: E6 c2 K% R& t9 W' j( W; i9 t531 Macedonia# N. a1 r+ N" |% h0 j6 P
535 Malta
& G1 W7 h* c& A) j' b5 U* h' h539 Ireland
! t& a6 h5 `5 Y' Q G3 J c54 Belgium & Luxembourg
6 M3 E+ I: s- ^4 X3 a# q `560 Portugal
* X0 L" s* i% i6 |! I2 W569 Iceland
" h0 q1 y! ]9 R& _+ n, ~; y$ p, g% H( x57 Denmark% m/ Z8 e- j( e- f# c; ^9 f
590 Poland. r" F0 K7 o5 H1 B$ B* O
594 Romania2 I; X$ |; Y' A$ ~
599 Hungary
( i2 [- y0 P; j; x600-601 South Africa
6 k& z! U: c7 ^) L( U609 Mauritius3 e! K$ a$ u1 }1 P
611 Morocco
# R$ N& v0 v! H9 d0 M/ {613 Algeria* ^6 O0 W3 {8 ?; h; {
619 Tunisia
( L/ d8 j g: m( `621 Syria
8 h& ^/ i% z5 l622 Egypt$ k {% a1 M) n9 s% l1 E/ U
624 Libya% J5 ?2 {5 A1 ]! f
625 Jordan% s* N9 r. v' v! `4 K
626 Iran1 n2 `& @5 P: c, t
627 Kuwait3 Z1 `# e- @' p. U6 \0 P1 p$ \
628 Saudi Arabia9 @$ H6 `( c9 B; Y- G
629 United Arab Emirates
" [1 o8 o1 F2 j7 K( S, u# e0 V& h64 Finland6 T/ B% q0 r0 h
690-692 China
9 Z; @3 A3 _/ M( d2 Z9 H$ C4 U S; ^70 Norway) K d# Z/ {. P3 [- X3 V
729 Israel
. }, w; s* @8 _. {73 Sweden
0 ^& S" a2 t. W" x740 Guatemala/ @- K6 Y4 Z3 `7 m( W6 Z( u+ ]
741 El Salvador& Z( L1 T8 D0 H& e; H* `% V" [- i& [
742 Honduras
: m* Q# R2 z9 T7 D5 ?743 Nicaragua
o6 g3 n, L/ l) Z ?' D8 Q" c744 Costa Rica: ^5 e! I0 q% g
745 Panama
: Z3 U9 M0 G+ \4 R) M! y746 Dominican Republic9 C4 g: L" h" T" ~
750 Mexico# f: }! h' c) h9 \
759 Venezuela
* p8 E7 _9 N* g" o' z76 Switzerland. Z- S f# H# D' H
770 Colombia- Z+ Q; _4 r9 \# e; P; `) \- L
773 Uruguay
4 T' C, G& ~& k; _$ e0 S775 Peru
( k7 Q6 s+ |" F; P$ j, T777 Bolivia% I. T: e3 x2 [1 v" g$ L7 \
779 Argentina
" D9 l; ~$ [, _0 Y( U* V: z% {780 Chile, g( C. }8 x3 ]8 s1 V1 M/ v
784 Paraguay
+ y5 n* H! ^0 T( P7 ~785 Peru
8 {8 e1 G& p. [: j( H0 c/ [786 Ecuador2 s- f6 J, i# a1 `- o8 I. V: M
789 Brazil
- _! i* ~; _7 z& |9 Y) b! f6 R80-83 Italy
; R& n# E, s- I1 \$ Y/ d2 g84 Spain+ w E( V; M" c
850 Cuba2 K+ O7 Y- a" ~
858 Slovakia* B% U0 {1 c. M6 w1 {$ ?
859 Czech Republic
4 @ e) @: R+ m( k860 Serbia & Montenegro- w* q( u: a' _. {# M8 c$ C
869 Turkey
. [- P3 [3 X* V# _0 @& I q87 Netherlands6 g# x9 ]7 o9 F$ f
880 South Korea
; N! q/ i1 z; Y8 \885 Thailand
; ?% N7 |# H6 G: Z, _888 Singapore# m; R$ b2 X( k h: Y8 o& C& m
890 India
3 I5 p; p6 g% c- [- K" U e893 Vietnam
1 [! ]0 _5 G' Q$ o5 M9 E) H& S5 o4 s899 Indonesia
& y1 B* f1 |6 p* @90 -91 Austria
6 [3 h6 M/ X0 j4 ?93 Australia. Q% Y* U& t8 K" _' d& [0 L+ M
94 New Zealand
! U# b) u8 C9 W2 B% J* z1 e955 Malaysia% B# Y' ?# F; R
958 Macau
$ q$ c3 Y2 h, F0 q9 _% l' M a977 ISSN (International Standard Serial Number for periodicals)" i1 e) R2 E4 C; ] a h8 ~. r9 p
978 ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
. s+ D9 g- j% B0 \- ^979 ISMN (International Standard Music Number)' o; G* g1 n4 O( Z$ A8 {7 x q
% u8 g$ n6 y1 x8 e( V; ]More information and source : http://users.pandora.be/worldstandards/barcodes.htm7 H( Y: H$ z! k. c4 _% J$ R% I5 _: ~
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