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How to figure a home's fundamental value
' ~+ k- F0 w2 {$ \5 sLeamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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" r1 v' u5 b3 a" SLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.3 F' R* V* T1 M3 M4 K* k0 d* D, o
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To calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.% b* U1 l2 D7 Y0 p- A
% ]) ^6 f( j$ i0 W Q6 i- jSan Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
+ ^$ R) O, t. T+ Q3 ISan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
. K/ x& `" Z, \New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.. ~' J0 `* q8 K" ]' E4 }
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 2 [& X& p4 q& k
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.1 E$ u. z; s. `: o; Q' B1 z0 F
3 z2 T$ K; F5 QIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.
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+ o. U3 ?" I5 X$ H. g Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ' u) ~5 i, g2 g
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
2 c# [9 l! m% O# i0 OBoston 20.5 30.2
2 @: \. n \5 }/ R+ |San Diego 22.8 29.7
* J& S" F; W! a/ _6 o2 P' d F9 f2 tSan Francisco 23.8 27.2
! }! q7 g! t; X8 t4 G! KLos Angeles 21.3 25.6
7 G) v* ~4 ?" A0 H( NSeattle 20.4 25 : C8 O( h% Y: V$ p2 D" q
Denver 17.7 23.7 8 D/ L6 z% P/ T6 [
New York 21.2 22.5 9 Z# ^" Z( `5 g' Z
Chicago 17.2 20.8 - m0 D% j6 c8 U% H/ O2 w9 R/ R
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 ( [ T, u1 v4 Z6 O( k8 |5 `
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* a/ o: C; y8 @0 LIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.0 Z+ m- Q( e: m H O. E6 I
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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