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How to figure a home's fundamental value v; h+ b Z# E8 w
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.' T# n/ S5 g8 L0 ?1 \9 T* [
2 V2 s1 r5 f$ W/ ]' mNot everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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% T" }8 K* @' E2 {5 y1 VTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:( ]$ I# g- V$ o* Z/ ^/ r
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.5 v4 A) O+ l8 \8 l8 x
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
' r9 n2 m+ ]/ R9 ^San Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
+ \ V2 V% B' U$ KNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988., i' `7 }% a8 W& b/ ^) r* i
You don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.) I9 l# N) S* ]1 ~' K @0 m
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.# b6 f- y1 c- }. F
1 F- [& ^( V% t Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas , I; l$ g1 r `* M
Avg. 1988-2000 2001 ! [# B/ S# s9 ^* K; e0 H! j! A
Boston 20.5 30.2
, a1 ?5 l+ P0 ASan Diego 22.8 29.7 . F0 l% y" T) r& G
San Francisco 23.8 27.2
8 g2 ~9 f. d% c+ N2 d5 h/ ^Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 2 M) [& D! Q' g8 X
Seattle 20.4 25
" h0 ~) r3 z+ e+ i# {2 E+ ?Denver 17.7 23.7
, u; ]8 q" ^6 t' j9 d, @# PNew York 21.2 22.5
4 w* H" W. c6 X8 a6 `& b6 I4 B0 {Chicago 17.2 20.8 ) Q! c, u( Y$ z7 t# i! J
Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4 5 t* k" Q6 O/ E1 t1 J ?: `1 E
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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