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How to figure a home's fundamental value" }& h$ O7 L7 V" n/ T5 K) [
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.4 Z5 p/ D! f, V6 S( j0 i9 R
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.& O/ x# e" O5 w& \1 u7 ?
6 o' g, G. \7 m6 C* l/ l/ @0 D! lLeamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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# W- i1 C# d l# l5 ?* U* qTo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:* M$ Q! @- I+ j* L2 J
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9 k' e6 E7 m. \In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.+ l3 n4 r5 Q6 L* c# G
2 G/ R! \. i, y% L# U) K" M* e9 _, l* ?San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
7 e+ R/ H8 `: ~& O: hSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.. a! S% _( H2 j# w( F' ]! S% ~3 Z
New York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
$ d0 C$ V2 l! C6 Y4 b2 EYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble. 1 ^6 H' {' X& ], F9 H7 _, s
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.+ ]8 G& @1 _) H7 _
/ o& d0 r; u4 k5 D+ oIf home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.; g- _% t3 U) @0 \
$ k+ g) ^& p; {- h3 i Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas
% M! i- i7 ^" K* f* i Avg. 1988-2000 2001
* j' X s* l( O$ NBoston 20.5 30.2
1 M) { ?0 q% f1 X% b$ rSan Diego 22.8 29.7 , ^" x! r7 h* S
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 ! r. L& u) }* H1 u$ s$ F: @
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6 s7 q' Q! S# l, N0 g
Seattle 20.4 25
/ s- U; A2 E3 G1 `/ r" W9 G. zDenver 17.7 23.7 1 u1 r+ B4 B1 F& O! [% `5 e# D
New York 21.2 22.5
; p" x0 B2 {3 w- }Chicago 17.2 20.8
% ]* F3 `. }4 p% t ^Washington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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1 d. w8 c3 }7 `) l; PIt's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.- B+ G# s( g" V& C: p$ l
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" D5 p: E' V9 L$ m& z1 O( R" O& `From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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