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How to figure a home's fundamental value5 Y* w/ x+ n9 x) s' R* a0 B1 X
Leamer says he can tell because homes, just like stocks, have a price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) that he believes determines their fundamental value. The “earnings” part of the ratio consists of the annual rent the house could command. Homebuyers can compare current P/Es with historical levels, Leamer says, to get some idea of whether houses in their cities are becoming overvalued.
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Not everyone buys the idea that P/Es dictate value. But investors who completely ignore P/Es do so at their peril, as many have learned in recent years. Leamer, who heads the prestigious Anderson Forecast at the University of California in Los Angeles, points out that the P/E for the Standard & Poor’s 500, a key stock benchmark, was nearly double its previous historical high when the stock market bubble burst in 2000. When home P/Es peaked in California, Boston, Dallas and other markets in the mid-1980s, devastating real estate recessions followed.
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Leamer didn’t invent the concept of P/Es for homes. But his willingness to proclaim bubbles in several of the nation’s hottest markets has brought him lots of attention recently.
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" o9 d/ R2 y E4 u1 q! F' p/ ATo calculate P/Es for entire cities, Leamer divided the median home price in each by the annual rent for a two-bedroom unit in each city -- and looked at P/Es each year since 1988. Here’s what he found:
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In Boston, the residential real estate market’s P/E recently topped 30 -- compared with just under 20 in 1988.
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San Francisco’s previous peak of 25.6 in 1989 has been eclipsed, with the P/E currently at just over 27.
8 F+ G n) I+ g' E, s; W) `! dSan Diego’s current P/E is nearly 30, compared with a 1989 high of 23.4.
) M' Q# ^+ h$ ?1 j8 r- ]" kNew York, by contrast, is actually well below previous peaks. The area’s current 22.5 P/E is above its recent nadir of 17.6 in 1993, but down from 28.6 in 1988.
- e/ T0 W0 W, c$ yYou don’t have to know exact P/Es, however, to spot signs of trouble, Leamer says. Any time there’s a disconnect between prices and the underlying value of homes, as measured by their market rents, there’s the potential for a bubble.
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If home prices are rising much faster than rents, as is true in Los Angeles, that’s a strong indication a bubble is forming.: ^" `+ }: ?/ s1 s$ \! d5 C8 _
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If home prices are rising while average rents are falling -- which is the situation in San Francisco -- the bubble is pretty much unmistakable.6 z5 Q. m& o# N3 }# ~2 X
- j9 |# q! J4 ^3 H& \ Home P/E ratios for 9 metro areas ) }+ O) a- c$ q |% t/ U7 s, l
Avg. 1988-2000 2001
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San Diego 22.8 29.7 % c% i4 S. n8 k4 H$ C
San Francisco 23.8 27.2 0 y0 X2 T* @4 Q( ?! g" Y, U9 @! Z/ _
Los Angeles 21.3 25.6
8 ]! w; k& [' xSeattle 20.4 25 3 g" R3 l2 e: `
Denver 17.7 23.7
, U: J3 v8 Z! ]" x- RNew York 21.2 22.5
! V8 s0 _% W- y5 T) uChicago 17.2 20.8
7 i$ Q- z2 r W. R: yWashington, D.C. 17.1 20.4
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It's difficult to compare P/Es from one city with those from another. P/Es in Atlantic City, N.J., have wavered between 17.3 and 11.6 since 1988; in San Diego, P/Es have not dropped below 20. But you can look on the P/E as a measure of risk -- that is, the higher the P/E is above its average level, the greater the risk, no matter where you live.
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From: http://moneycentral.msn.com/cont ... ingguide/P37631.asp |
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