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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
$ @+ T5 l, N9 wYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
- J9 \( l; Z8 [7 A( ]2 FFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.( W. f! v$ H% v: c
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of" V* k7 T6 t. ?
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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- c% Y, E1 a% y' hSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .7 \: W+ N+ t1 s3 Q# E
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20188 ~* B+ h ^7 R; B; O" `; q
Published online 26 January 2018* }) O4 n$ c6 ?
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Abstract! y' w- }7 F) U C
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing: N( n$ @0 X: [& `
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
) N7 L: j: Y8 _ \, N, ETranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
% o# \9 S: M# Y2 f$ T8 g3 `engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
, Z- A# u) g9 m6 y6 L& Qonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific$ Y# Z# r" w8 `5 Y- e6 F' y
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
3 U1 w" ?! e& Hto the standardization of the scientific terminology$ S2 a8 P5 i3 n8 ?" ~$ t" r+ W; K
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
* c9 r" R, b, K. l8 p. N4 s+ Vscientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
" L! N! H$ |( A! ^! uand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the+ U) q. x$ G9 Z- v( K
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
& ~7 h! N7 `# T. ?in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
8 h8 `5 u! @9 Q1 l3 w, s- Rhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
& c2 K$ {, N* G" j) V) fof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring+ G |6 H0 X2 A; X x3 _$ s
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way# ?; ]+ ~7 C Z# A
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and, B. n, c: {/ z& L. y+ ^, z5 t
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
' h$ c% \$ x# Igreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
, s9 a' Y; g: L- k3 wterminology.& E# g5 d2 y& P& J. l
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;2 c; z8 o- Q0 z7 u5 O O4 h) D
Standardization of terminology translation& S& W! m5 D/ X# l7 y6 Y4 M3 F
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to! U" a4 q/ f; @1 i E
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
* y* l2 e) a' S: ZChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
+ M2 B- s' j* Xfrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
( V7 o% l- B' n+ ?& X0 ADOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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, o# I8 y V" ]/ sINTRODUCTION
" g; K: e W5 G5 M: Q* tJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and( G$ w, E* l( B
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
X4 v; o4 r# C# N$ m3 B" ~Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to' a" }9 V& u; r: B* T
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
7 w0 v/ A' _) u& d9 HSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
1 J5 d4 o% Q, L* T J; P# y/ Wby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
8 N& g- q. J$ N2 e. ] Can editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
8 C% T1 E6 {4 D- rhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
6 n0 u. A) z& z7 p% j( m' F1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific8 }' W6 k9 t7 x3 N9 O) z# L
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
7 V" O3 d) R! J8 X/ }: r9 f" l+ pFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
1 T- B# j y$ [/ GNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
5 m* f9 ~ ^2 ^* b! u. y4 }to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant5 Q3 e0 q# V- ?4 y K4 M
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,, \1 H# j% d9 F8 L
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,' ^+ d, Y& Z+ c. N8 t( ^1 X% D* R
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western2 g, y. o: K9 r4 H
books that made him the most productive one among the
' |. Z* ]! k5 V* c: iforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,/ |1 }2 v! V, \' v% f
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a9 Y$ X6 \& @( S5 E
noble work which could help accelerate the process of9 P4 `0 d+ ]+ G. W( D
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
( A1 \+ b8 o0 ?0 L+ p- t. \: wIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer$ u& }2 T3 V; w6 Z2 E. M" E
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western0 w0 M% Q5 b* D6 s3 Y1 ~
science and the standardization of translated scientific
& V/ l2 d5 G5 lterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
5 A0 C L! R+ `/ c6 k7 umagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
( F/ J* ^$ U% [; uestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another) G0 @1 v+ K3 \0 N1 ^- V
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series2 E. U8 O! I, Q0 k
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in: g6 a: C: f* n U
Modern China.
5 u. z% k2 f- K0 X V c: JAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published. y' W. P7 m% b5 K, W
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of; t: h7 m: {2 o! V+ \1 P. n
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
8 W* A' O1 b4 }a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In: H- Q* N) e' b5 w9 M; p& b5 v
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and4 d# \2 L/ O* M0 M4 o# i: g$ r. V+ Q
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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