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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106885 n* v, U# z% p+ l4 _' o
% P1 v+ Z E) F8 g2 lJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China0 t8 p& h9 M3 V) c2 F; Z
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of+ k6 }. V8 c! F
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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/ B' E1 q( ^6 n4 J P6 _. V$ |LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of0 f- v' i) z2 ~8 [/ \1 }3 y
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.( @# \$ J4 _& B) P: \8 ^
, V9 K1 c- l" q! [5 XSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
_ E9 l$ [2 N0 O. G7 C2 tReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018+ ~% y* J( l& v, {
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
% {9 u& V/ e" s6 K* |2 dJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
2 h0 A0 U( X% ~& q2 JDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
7 M+ h* ?3 `" ~/ D. A7 j7 Q' e7 p# |Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been1 c# n* a4 ^, O, S5 S5 h
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not; S4 D4 F3 D* S1 w. v) B* F n
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific! F8 a4 t1 R H: Z% x V
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly F2 m- X+ I, c! p1 W8 l, g
to the standardization of the scientific terminology8 I8 ~, ]/ U3 ] ~/ Q
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s! k# J! s: R4 w5 W$ ]
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
8 S! x- X8 d9 V2 Z9 Cand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the' J, n) |/ J. F$ n$ v! ~3 T7 @& r
standardization of the scientific terminology translation( B+ j# _$ z3 a1 i! _, q
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien' k+ P# g: ~0 |4 A4 u! W, Q
he established had helped greatly with the popularization+ Y% O# |2 J* ~# d3 U; W
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring; R! m" C. I# t# }* |! E
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
; U, Y: L8 \8 r; @for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
) M6 F- y: |0 Othat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
, o! ^! Q2 L; V) W+ h6 v1 w4 Rgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
; [' e8 @: r/ ~1 C. S ? Sterminology.9 P) E$ v. T- x. V$ Q6 }& {
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;2 n1 x X' E) {! E, W) l% w; N
Standardization of terminology translation1 i0 l8 J( b/ }. C% t! V
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to2 H/ o' p4 J6 \/ b# b( c7 N
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
: P/ s9 v5 O& Z+ s" G/ D2 K0 F0 M4 gChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
$ A+ y5 o9 X9 p0 f) f! afrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
& K' V+ t: o# f! _DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213. g! r: ^4 u" F4 |' r% v8 w; C
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INTRODUCTION
& \6 v( l; v2 n! A0 N, h$ gJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
. s, q" q7 l/ P$ }/ Oa great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
2 z9 j2 ~3 f0 ^Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to/ @7 E' U3 _1 o- E
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of \- t( Z" d# D0 }! p+ s
St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed5 Y2 K/ b3 x- u( F, j
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
7 \* [/ n+ w0 }) X3 U0 Gan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
! N! D/ X; X7 w3 q/ t2 Q) t- Ahis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
5 W+ R) s. n2 \/ R1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
7 r7 ^. d! s% k- [1 W& yworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,3 ^8 G9 a3 `6 k3 B, Y. C
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction./ H: O: [, h( G7 W( N! `
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated* b$ M; d- I* {; i( S
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
" u2 A* w/ V7 i, f I, bwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
5 l* ^9 Z* \$ Jrevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,; M4 R% i4 E9 T, A0 c
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western3 V* H* ^- X. x( F
books that made him the most productive one among the9 B; o* g- L4 J
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,7 ]8 x+ s: J( O4 m; r& r
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
! x4 S; o. ~/ H/ t# Q7 p5 [noble work which could help accelerate the process of+ f* q" ?4 V4 k C6 M
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
" H& D0 L% V4 V8 w3 |& a( EIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer1 n! K' x3 L- X# K6 c i
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western6 Y {$ d0 l/ r
science and the standardization of translated scientific
& X# z1 T: a9 e4 \% V0 F. jterms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific2 _6 v8 Z9 V# [ U0 T
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the
6 a/ y# x M$ _3 V1 kestablishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
6 L! P9 N" j1 b5 A* R, Ocontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series7 j% A" s1 h; ]
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
; Q! o E: r$ Z& K& }, b$ Y/ y+ @Modern China.
. E4 ~0 r; E4 X3 z' m; C" p; qAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published' h) q0 ?0 @3 z- E
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of9 \) F7 m! y7 V3 u Q
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
2 ^( b- I7 I+ x1 X% g# K$ P! A9 }2 _. \a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
3 ]$ r% L# Z6 O& C) d( C, p( zJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and/ W9 O z' @, e; P' b; ^9 M2 z% P
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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