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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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6 Z- d4 }6 m# jJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China4 a) `) |) [8 z
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of- f1 j2 ]( H- Z* y& r
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.$ b6 u$ |) D) Q- [% ?( j( S
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LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of' P! ~ s" \- M V4 d
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
7 ~0 \% ?- c6 uReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
E# _: t" b1 GPublished online 26 January 2018
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Abstract
9 }# C& ^" j& _; J& u; |John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing6 E6 {; N) u: b6 z4 U0 `8 z' {
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The" ^3 d+ F; M4 L& \' V8 ~9 I. G
Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been* w6 Y- L6 y$ `
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not! F9 c N/ ]( d+ v! n; i3 R
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
( j. ~5 v8 N/ U. D; N' t; c9 c# L6 {3 D2 Kworks into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
; _6 y5 j V+ P+ z4 q8 V2 Kto the standardization of the scientific terminology% E; c) J3 u) X' ~* @/ C
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s1 s8 t0 ~$ r5 w$ b" h
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,: _9 A* s( @* W6 m
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the. e* `- l3 U+ V# [! S5 s; G# U
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
w! d9 s3 w+ Sin Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
! \7 ~1 k- I' |) B5 v) G! Mhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
* n, l0 p1 l R% d) g5 G! Nof modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring: j# f% @: I9 C6 M4 I( `
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way
1 r7 {0 h7 l: O, L. Lfor the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
( J; i; p# d, N, C9 lthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a% Y$ ^' E* e# O$ r. q4 ^7 g
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific+ E; g5 N6 B6 z% _
terminology.
, u+ \$ y2 l5 P4 l0 _Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation; M8 d4 v& N c/ c+ U
Standardization of terminology translation2 ]+ Z, M: _ o- Z! H5 B* p
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to1 _1 S4 h# K; x; H/ T2 g* i
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
7 o( v, k# I5 g v3 S* O* DChina. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available$ Q& A' Q) j1 t: V/ ^/ L& v
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
2 F! ?+ R |0 x# GDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102135 u/ q3 z& {4 p4 Y9 t- h5 y, q
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INTRODUCTION
3 t/ Q, u: P3 jJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and# n7 ~" a4 v$ g4 h; e9 A$ R6 g
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
& G8 r4 y+ _# d+ C8 A2 QDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
* j: \, M4 l zHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
& w1 W' y. W' [2 z( k/ [# oSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed# w* u/ G& Q1 B" o8 X
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
) e7 Q: r7 U9 o$ kan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
; t/ p# n8 x1 J& g8 Jhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-5 d8 Y7 {. Z o" @% C. i
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific( Y4 D8 K1 I- l
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
+ b! n8 k8 N* K$ m* |Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.( t3 H' ^# Y6 O6 j- _1 O) F
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated1 c, H$ Q! \7 T/ h
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant: p3 L, s7 F# T3 F( i
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese," d. X' g! S" r# q- z9 w* H
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
! u; C. h5 }, A0 rFryer translated more than one hundred of Western% u4 q- D! M) ?+ V/ x# N1 A
books that made him the most productive one among the6 j9 e+ e1 \$ I/ E% L+ p$ ]9 Y0 Y4 L. }8 `
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
) B9 k! Z8 {/ W0 Itranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a4 e2 g: P0 _/ _ u
noble work which could help accelerate the process of$ |" S+ L2 C( Z! {
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
7 v2 A- r& F* Z; ^3 K# a: {In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
J1 s! G0 \8 r) L2 W, |+ z# ialso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western5 M/ p$ ~7 C* |4 J* L/ b7 m
science and the standardization of translated scientific1 g- g, Z" S2 W! w% Z
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
5 c0 Z @/ w: e4 y/ }7 i# I0 Bmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the$ @+ } ^. E# h! w& p0 c h
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
5 k9 |% H/ d- p' u* `contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
7 d* h# ~- @* S5 t- `of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
* V" ~1 [8 E; HModern China.
: z( ]3 {# h3 _9 a; A C- _An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
8 _3 g! g5 c O3 T5 [- }5 eThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
' T' K! t% [ c) Q# E& b s6 E* atravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
6 ^) y' ~/ @; h! @6 ]a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In
1 G& N. T4 z/ C9 WJohn Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and! z$ h3 h( h- D/ N7 v
Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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