 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The, D6 {; i$ L* [$ j: Q5 p) J
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
) u* C- @9 z& Q' A$ N8 Isyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,8 G. c( K4 }- ?6 l
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" q- U, C# T7 W8 T8 M5 M(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of, Z' N' X' C9 E3 t% [+ {
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).( T ?. A6 t1 e( ~1 C& R& e( J
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=0 p5 J9 C% E2 f7 A
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* {. E7 p- l7 W. Y# V. y. R' g& P# c
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving2 e3 `6 g: U4 p! s: m( \
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on1 U" ^* Z l& G1 g& G
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
6 t: L/ M/ f2 }* A) K; U(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two7 O2 |& h+ I& }
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( `* N: W/ W* V- ~+ Msemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
. s3 B5 J5 `6 `- g1 Iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In0 i6 Y, H+ ?. }/ h; ]
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& n. O2 M4 V# G0 r6 {
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 t" j2 {2 D/ r. I/ T* g
9 \; ]5 ` Y$ V# A' x0 T& K
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
. B& }5 K$ Y$ q6 z$ q+ v( }) s" l- Rand American speakers of English, |
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