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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- O. G7 g2 q" y3 Y
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 `0 o" E4 @9 l
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,2 n3 r9 Q. ^3 d6 j* C' U
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial2 ]& M* R% b5 s# o% G
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 M" i, k5 F" Y+ W: U2 {" t
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).$ V6 M; K0 W9 z+ n5 V$ |4 l0 k
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
H& Z' G6 g z[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
5 w# k8 g/ q! T" `" J# D! A(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( V" ^8 i1 f; {* j: Wretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on f) l1 F( k4 x& s
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset! D# d; q( _" s# v9 l1 V
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) i' X3 m3 `, Q0 K v" ]
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a$ [# U/ J5 L( _0 ^& _/ }, D/ [' @
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.; L+ ~* B& m0 L6 m5 g
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
! x S8 N$ a1 R8 b2 d" C Qcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 a. V z Q' K8 gthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..8 b8 j( z! t% Y4 D. |
0 ~6 h& M5 p8 v5 }) x }
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)4 ]' d2 p7 O a; ^0 K" {4 e/ I' b" y
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
