 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
" q. B, y! _: j* v' s9 { sInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, Q# V' t/ J: I6 E0 p7 Hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- `. w: z0 L6 N7 [( h7 r
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial/ M+ J% |1 l, t7 ?- z1 A. j
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
1 q; F6 b. B5 o9 c3 Kretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)." a+ K3 E3 O* C$ j& ]% ]
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=' N6 G) ]% Y$ v! i* {4 ~
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
3 K7 {% u8 R7 t, Y8 |! [# r8 C$ ]6 _: U(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
- v- _5 ]9 D4 J- k! c7 kretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on- _4 W; Z J1 b4 n7 P6 ~
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
8 k, K/ W% o' G(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two; ?4 `7 ~3 ~2 t* g. N
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a3 }# j: a: K: R' e9 R( O5 T
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.! I" Y; O* j) f5 Q" r0 G
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In: w2 S6 F: |, `. Q0 F
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element," Z. u5 C" J9 o- k# c+ i1 H! v$ Y
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..- r4 \5 }. ], f3 X3 H3 z
- @2 w; v$ O7 s
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)0 f' d: v# T+ r/ L0 B8 r; {2 z: f8 ?
and American speakers of English, |
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