 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
5 L+ K- v2 t( ~& T! x0 h: m7 Q/ O, JInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the1 x3 X/ y7 \, _3 C
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
" E1 W* Y q6 F: S: J# o$ k8 d% Qand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial" f+ s1 e- r Q. g$ [2 [
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
4 n3 u: {9 T; P# c2 G+ h& ?retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)., J" u5 P! Y. k& @
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: D3 H: x5 Q: F; M- P# B[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
9 j1 |, ^- R4 h/ N8 a0 V(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving& v% J( B# q: O# m. {; b! [' Y/ |
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
4 X$ ^) L; J+ R5 b: cpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset7 L1 l( i8 @# m+ ~+ A5 f' d# Z; a
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
' f- E) s. n6 W. O* H0 l Asegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, C3 o- W7 C: L: Esemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.& v) C C# G7 l' {; Q. m) m
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In: W- B: R' w9 y9 h$ j
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
m. _! s# q& }# ~6 b) H9 athe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
% N0 j4 O' A: h) ?4 g$ ?
8 w, F5 B0 B7 X6 v! i1 A(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)- e. ?) E, Y) C' ?
and American speakers of English, |
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