 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
/ p: @, L2 Q" h% `: @, l) DInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 ^) |5 a6 W' a% C% i. N) Msyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,. Q* y) M$ M& x P: C/ K
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
8 @4 N: j7 }8 p7 U1 ^(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
h. g5 N3 i, Rretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
- @7 E) n/ z7 S7 x- L# K1 @0 RA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=! h$ n8 Y9 J, Q7 X$ Y
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]/ O7 C% F9 Z" g: {4 n
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving, b( A$ N9 K8 ?8 J
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
# U/ g7 S% \+ C c: P; N! Tpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
2 b4 _7 a% y5 i* C- P3 w(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
# M* }2 {: v0 `5 d% c2 [0 g, V% Xsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, g: `( S( F/ o B9 X2 U# J' Lsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
/ v1 j6 M$ e) \end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
3 O9 O1 B) Q* S$ T$ E; ]compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
: G% X0 S& `' U4 F. Z+ `2 e, Tthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
1 X; A' t% ?( w+ h
1 G9 [. l; X6 I- T T: W& E7 ]3 S; s(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 `5 E+ J: w6 [( w( I) Mand American speakers of English, |
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