 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The7 W3 `/ S1 w+ k2 a8 x
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ {/ T" I0 B% y! i% h; J
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,, |0 A( ?. Z; C6 n, O H! t: L
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
& e) Y& t$ U1 l" P2 z \9 e- _1 f(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of; \ f& m* b2 t, A i5 ]' c4 c& `$ u+ N
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).% ^9 L5 p# P, X; E" W% T) _' u
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=* i- ?. L" j/ O: x: ?5 w6 J
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
2 R" u! e g/ k# p ?/ g(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving- a1 [8 Y; g; i- j: }2 d
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
/ ~( k' f& J ?4 g) mpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset" }8 L# D; v7 ~ F. C( w) O
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two+ L. f3 ~' p/ S& I+ }/ R8 n
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a- T' d% w" q# e ^! h
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
* z5 F- M) b% jend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* P. z0 k# o4 Y6 P
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
/ ]8 U9 R' p8 I+ e, ~7 H# Mthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
0 v$ U" n+ N$ V- }: t4 D; P
- H; y; z+ x: A7 p(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
9 s: H. J# N: T8 O+ S+ R/ dand American speakers of English, |
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