 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
$ {0 X/ ]- M( X% RInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the6 a# G! g" Z( e
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& S3 m( X# s) E$ cand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 v$ ?+ g1 E& M6 `9 W0 r0 w7 K7 x(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of/ p, S8 f z# @% {8 v+ u
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
/ s+ p' T3 d7 w* L0 L4 O |2 JA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=3 v6 s5 M! c) @8 { J8 e
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]& E E2 U* O2 r. T8 x4 z/ m
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving7 B% Y; a& }/ O
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
- \# K8 n% h3 L3 ?1 h- ~possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
- m% H, J$ Z0 A9 n(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
2 O2 ?7 W* `, B& w0 g5 {segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a$ B9 r% p! I3 M+ Q9 [* u
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" N2 d- ?/ f* A1 iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
7 [6 H1 A9 `4 y R, @ H1 n- w0 Icompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,) r- \2 ~* A1 O8 E
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
5 w) v! J2 u) m- }) I7 _
( @3 l; u2 j, j. `2 q: v(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)) p' ?; W* s5 Z1 {. O$ M
and American speakers of English, |
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