 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
: G* H1 A4 `# gInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 O$ j- |, N4 gsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in, p# ?' P5 M( E
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial! p2 O8 q1 l+ t* U" _
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
7 u! `; a9 Z: c- r: fretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).: b* q% V6 A! n7 E! v$ b# |" b) Y
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=3 ?5 P, S7 V8 k/ p z; q
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" L0 r3 u9 W2 w m) h( }2 k: A(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving; d6 i3 E! }- J q. r( \
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on0 ~! S V- P- M* E: E
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
" G( c: v* c* \8 r(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
1 t0 o& \% C5 q# n* m; ^5 csegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a" n& Z6 q. ~ `* X2 L
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.% C; A( {7 M' p7 j2 T
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
4 O3 v) X' B6 K# |; u- q( [ Wcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,0 U3 `2 g! T5 S: K( t, O
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
/ H3 p" V" P/ a, l2 I9 r7 z
, Y) U4 i" Z+ L- S/ u. T(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)* _ R& W% _0 T& n3 Q$ L
and American speakers of English, |
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