 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
/ z& E- s9 F Z" _) n( RInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 S$ k% `& U3 N8 L6 O
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,9 h2 J- l; P8 M/ c/ G3 m
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial* B# w/ X& u [+ l: g* {9 Q$ B
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
) b4 ?' P. P3 a+ J/ Y) fretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
3 I) m/ `7 b3 j2 \9 e; fA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
5 W% r3 @$ J6 G- v& H; d[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
8 }8 N2 A2 A& g3 i7 d% Z4 e: } H(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
, Y+ H& [0 ~; bretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on! T/ k4 y$ E4 N/ G& k) `2 r
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
/ c6 c2 c* y8 f# Y6 }(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) B+ d$ T2 J+ U( Z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 m, A4 @. P: j1 m* x/ }" L" ?
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
! z7 F6 `2 f8 d1 Wend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
. F2 x* g& G ccompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,2 w- A9 D1 A, h6 U: M0 d
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
0 |1 r; S& `7 l9 m f# ~
+ L# E% J [$ E- T, ?, [(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
# B5 \& o. G4 q1 [$ e6 }and American speakers of English, |
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