 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
|
Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
9 Q+ B. E. C9 A) X/ ^- J: \7 f% UInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
8 f/ ^0 O+ y. m9 i$ y5 Usyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- v$ G t- d0 s; d- o8 dand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial# V3 [. n# Q) F1 Z$ k2 j1 s/ k
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of* T3 q4 b9 p" S1 c
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
8 ]4 W. x" M/ m5 o9 ~A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
7 {0 R: O7 a- o1 _% b$ l0 Q[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]$ N) z1 X0 B N; d7 O
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving+ Z4 M6 |" V3 E4 f, n8 l9 c) R
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on u; o# m' c8 n+ F9 A; L) O7 c
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
! O6 c; } W+ J/ I4 Y9 Q(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two3 d. C. C0 s6 V
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
, t9 M0 `0 K/ ]$ V( s8 asemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.1 ~: v2 p P& e8 h. n
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 ^& U6 P3 }7 O0 U# \$ ~( m/ ]
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
0 _& l: U& Q( Z0 Z, u+ r; qthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..' b/ ]; r* x& H; r, ^: T
; H/ l3 b6 G5 H1 U2 g(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
8 X3 k# Y3 q, D' |: I$ tand American speakers of English, |
|