 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The5 Y+ J- x- o2 Y3 L# L1 O
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the$ {" U: W( `* Y5 v) f
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
) @ L: W: K2 {" ?( nand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
' V+ j: U- N3 k2 z2 C(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
5 l1 r+ {5 i Zretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
) |, }9 O+ K5 B! [. ^6 MA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
0 Y# a9 J2 q1 n1 G" l7 G7 V[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
* N5 u2 g r. J* G' @' ](phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
; l0 }4 T& ]; j Q0 M- l! d1 nretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 S3 k- ]& l) s& y# h0 C8 r
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 l' L0 ~: _5 X" |0 C7 T. u
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
" I& @; ~ s3 ?" I5 {2 qsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a) `1 u. b( \8 g: a) E
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ z4 S+ b7 Q# t D
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In5 s. y8 J1 W4 I @! m2 y
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
! `! o5 A3 \, A3 d0 L2 J% a: ?the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
! ?/ h) v$ Z {& h* N: |8 o
( X; T5 ]/ Z6 r( e _) m(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch) a7 h9 N# K5 T9 \. K! v7 [& A
and American speakers of English, |
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