 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
3 s! h! u7 W; A+ ~ r5 yInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
! i a8 K0 K! Osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
% w2 C0 v' R" e; Qand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& S: C* m( s- c3 ?* O- w
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 ~( S7 e! w; X. s
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
: U' S+ U/ T: m: [! y8 KA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 m$ S1 t* Z; H, ^6 f3 e[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
- C& [8 `6 c3 c1 {* v/ v4 n% s$ O(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving* f; ]& w. W, F
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
! ?% a" Q5 a, r4 |2 _- D0 \possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
7 A4 K4 }3 [- l7 d# L" _(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
" ]. s) w+ P# u$ k1 o# |$ msegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
- ^' t3 ?5 p7 ksemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. w; e8 H7 H6 j {5 C/ T
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In/ Q) w( u# X3 ?6 O& `. W
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,( d3 i4 N) M; I
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..+ d! a7 _( R% r( y" g, H& _
9 M, z+ d3 [5 c6 h
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! m2 Y3 `3 i9 Tand American speakers of English, |
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