 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
X2 F" Q( r; u" b" ^. z7 h& g& A. LInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
" o" w3 O# }4 @ u' dsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,% U; ^7 m$ f W2 s: N- d4 y
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
, u# ~- {) ~+ R& |(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of" F+ m! T2 [4 d
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" B4 `/ X* O0 E# kA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
+ V% D1 Q* g& n+ T[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* H. J I; D& g' Y; M% I
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
" T8 b. j4 N# k, }$ Lretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
% \/ _3 C1 O7 X: Gpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset( i& L3 S6 l& m
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two) P, f! m* _1 F2 l6 z, B
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a2 ~5 X7 s6 Q: w+ _0 [
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.) d) {/ n; `, j, T' {3 t
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
8 ?5 f6 L* X& u5 h- ecompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,7 E( T2 `( H( E% R% Z. P
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla../ l$ {. m P! U% R& _0 s4 ^
) P( W8 y3 I" }$ T o(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
, S# d+ c4 ?8 l3 p1 e4 r& w" G9 L0 C. aand American speakers of English, |
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