 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The4 l' P$ |9 y$ f0 J- ~9 @- H5 _- ]
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
. w4 c& K, r% f- hsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,- [& d% n9 Y3 t) p% g
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial- f. k$ \% H2 q8 \$ C1 ^/ G" p
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
, X1 m4 J' ]4 J" t3 g+ H1 cretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
$ V6 A- W9 g! V8 JA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
/ Y1 X* F1 H8 |3 b[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
! V6 r% s) R1 l' I9 |(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving/ y: L* Z8 }3 A. r) Q7 \7 w2 M
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
, s2 c6 _; q/ q* ~possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
; k2 f2 j% O5 Q7 F(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
* S3 Y; O$ Y, v& X; N+ y) Gsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# i: W9 S9 S- I" n0 u. }
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e. ^- u& b- b X3 u" z" b5 F% ~# P
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
1 I' ~, ^: o$ mcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
4 q7 e. P6 Y* N+ }the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..: e$ M( G1 h, \3 d0 n) H
+ Z8 j2 b6 R: p# T- F8 i2 y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)5 c, I+ f( o2 `% W
and American speakers of English, |
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