 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; ]4 _+ L) H8 l2 Q$ @
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the2 r4 [) n, g _0 u2 n5 `9 T- a
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in," i$ o8 x# D' A# u. D& R2 T7 l
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
' _% E: q9 r. D& ?8 S(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
# U6 W1 K5 W; f% r7 `retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" [! t. P, G! x1 I2 MA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=5 ? p7 ?$ N( V3 [# C' [
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* U, G% n K7 L8 l
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving7 |$ _" Z% S) A# b
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on, |1 a- ~4 Y) q& ~3 {" |
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset1 g' @+ W1 ]2 S3 f6 F2 \. E
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 Z$ B Z; [- Nsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
" G- O4 c& |0 s. u3 t. O: w( S0 lsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
1 A; P: w0 b( [, T: Aend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In9 t( w& X* `8 X+ s' Z
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
2 a4 E0 Y! c+ o* ~% C$ A0 K6 uthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..9 C% z) W! ^6 I3 D6 \: w1 N
4 Y" z/ _( M+ J( Y(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)" [/ B. N5 ?6 x# x
and American speakers of English, |
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