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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
* P* x/ B8 T, u9 o& @+ s$ `Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 ]+ e" r+ L/ D5 z4 u1 Vsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,/ {/ q, ~8 e* C) ~ O9 ?, u |
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial# f! E2 ^8 `1 ]3 |+ h' Q9 H" k
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of: I6 y1 ?3 Z4 q I* l
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
% j0 t T2 N7 P, X% N% oA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=, d3 A3 o6 r& G& o3 t8 p% S2 X
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]% R' `- K |* T& Y4 H1 {
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
4 N5 P( G0 q; M' f/ A7 O) _retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on' A0 u2 a, H3 W, z* c
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset8 D$ M' n, G: _; _7 D& d
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two9 X O' R- j8 X" }! V! a: N$ Q
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
- ?/ I2 o2 ?8 x$ ?5 Asemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
8 Z( J! b( z1 Kend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In# [1 d9 y. ^: e& v+ Q! o
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
3 T- Z. t% i, m( f& g; Z& J2 Kthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla.." D7 d1 r) U3 B$ n
9 S6 U$ S, M9 D8 [* r
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
$ X" k0 Z0 }. A( Tand American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
