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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The4 t& Y5 \) O) D2 u: `
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the: m5 u2 l0 D1 t0 d0 F
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
9 [( f* t& l& b0 H: p% a( w* kand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
: F; q$ l4 F( V0 J- k(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of( x8 `/ D$ |2 i6 K
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. H4 f, j; y* iA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
; B v- U+ G# K& y/ ]$ ^[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”], Q8 F. q! r) T+ P# E; b) h
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( q8 E! ~- M W0 _retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on5 }! ^* q# i, J; J
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset7 {! ~) g& \2 T K" @( B
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
4 }# o, R1 f9 j& [# S# fsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 R! Z4 `0 c) W: isemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.9 E5 n: B0 H& E& E
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In& U/ h# q3 [) Y) `) M
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
, M, c2 K2 h6 f$ Sthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
, [. @: v9 Q" B9 \- ?, M1 {7 _* `8 y6 ?4 g6 W& u
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
! a' t1 S0 Y' E% M) }and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
