 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The" o$ L7 w' k+ R: t
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
) n4 l+ E9 { ?0 c, O X: Osyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,& g F0 o0 b" z) M
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
" A4 j8 `& t& n(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of' L, F# H3 E( ?; a& E
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
, I$ ?' D6 x* Q( cA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=" g+ {) ?3 t. s5 ^+ n
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 \$ v& V- E' c
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving: x, a. e+ K/ X% Z& s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on4 f3 Z' M! c/ ?! A) R- h0 d
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset9 e @0 M; F* B( F* p3 x. ]6 S, J
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 P. b! G7 {. ]5 _2 G4 ^3 L! [9 nsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
8 r/ r. f# c' I V8 I( usemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 p# N; z7 d; i
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In( f0 v3 E* N" p' K9 i9 o0 [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
6 W6 ^9 N, H4 O+ j5 ?" A# sthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
6 h; \* f# v/ K) e9 V7 P9 f
5 A" c0 a$ x% n! Q% M(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)2 D0 a1 E9 k. I3 q
and American speakers of English, |
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