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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The* t5 t% k$ _2 d
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: T) t6 c) I% Xsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
0 ?, J- M1 J, \! D; gand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial2 y) R3 b, `: T/ x
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of* _6 C2 v; _8 X
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
. h D# _3 D/ E5 T- w# IA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
4 t( h2 T- }" V, l: R6 G& ]( H# }! X[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* _6 D, m2 y, C; }
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
# l* [: U* V, rretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
4 a p8 X3 n0 Spossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
2 A2 }7 H( s' \# {4 D% [: j(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two6 }4 c5 _: p* ]2 I
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a# d" _; e; x. {" ?
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
H7 N. i% p* V- ^" Send with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In* }% f4 H' y7 j+ c0 P' W
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,/ I% ~5 C+ w& j9 H( p$ o h
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
0 c% |. O( c {2 A; w' f, j `4 f' L5 F5 n& o3 x
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
5 C0 i3 p2 F0 p5 y" Land American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
