 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
8 x6 N/ C+ U- W8 ?Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the ?/ |! q- Q( E1 b" o0 {
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& E. V2 \7 ?& @! K6 j2 i4 P2 Z5 D9 C2 `and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
* A+ u5 _( Q5 t% L% [- @5 B(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of& i+ j8 [" `: j. N8 Q' A* ^( g/ e
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’). m; s* b y+ l2 B
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=2 T8 D. S& I9 D
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]+ J8 Q; j. R! I4 ^% n3 o
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving% ^1 n# G/ a. l
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 y, e8 @- |. k/ p8 w) ^: g
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset0 m: M7 |* _0 P* g, i
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two, x6 h, @# X; v/ U
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 B6 z, \: M- z. b* F$ ? |7 u
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
' ]# e5 m4 _; H* r' h7 \% oend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In0 { f, F0 D5 e. C8 D. s6 A
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& ^, V- Q8 V8 Y. D7 e* c
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..0 A q) W0 V* a: H0 A" e, u0 ?
; [4 K# d# X- ?- M# b1 i6 M
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
" ]1 x4 R1 i) p# }" o5 Q, tand American speakers of English, |
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