 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The/ x1 h0 S, j1 j
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
7 W( t" i) y0 P3 B8 `! psyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,$ o- X+ ]. t3 K2 x0 K5 }# `. B7 D6 [& G
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial* D# W0 n; [5 N6 F) B% n2 V. `
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of* o, R8 {( \$ ?8 ?" M& P. J
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
+ d! l2 [0 \$ V3 kA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
: r' ]$ d4 [: [[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
* e- j3 U% `; c7 U1 g5 d7 @5 c(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving4 `/ k4 I) N2 i5 ^0 _
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
R5 D$ h+ j; X/ P/ ppossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset6 u/ z' v, N/ t! E2 K
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
( S$ C1 d5 A# y# h" B" |: D% |' ~segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 v* z$ j, V0 H5 g4 Y% psemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e./ H/ m. |0 o9 G0 @9 C1 L
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In" Q5 |+ m, j4 e0 k
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,/ Q3 H7 g- c. j' Q
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
X3 T) V% X: l; r8 M
; c2 ]+ Z+ S" |3 m(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)0 b2 p7 Y5 H1 k/ [1 }, V& d y
and American speakers of English, |
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