 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: i( A! n o1 i- T) F$ {
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
0 G" f$ | O7 R8 A5 C$ S) Msyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
- U3 c. J6 [/ m# J( N" ~( R6 y4 sand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
! a, \- k5 @( b- g6 C(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of7 J6 X3 L% L$ Z% D
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
0 G7 G: h. j, dA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
1 x$ @: W) E7 @& b8 m- w[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]0 b3 j7 d) t% N2 J! D C4 _5 G, K
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
( z M5 ?3 M5 r1 J" [- m6 xretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
1 i1 I/ Y7 r' f" lpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset' i! J" b- v& a7 r* x! I
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
7 H+ G3 j/ U n* J4 o+ \/ s3 _segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a$ b% j0 i/ a. h( l4 @: a
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ Q# u( E+ M4 J1 G/ o: wend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In1 P# W& ]" r% n4 p/ t y
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
( n8 w% c3 T0 Q; L3 B7 D2 Nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..5 x( x1 z; X6 m/ D1 @
' o$ N+ I5 S: D4 L) T1 ^- K(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)0 D9 x0 f& ? ]: l+ C4 ~
and American speakers of English, |
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