 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The" s* U2 k+ }5 H1 d* O
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
( N/ }2 d0 @! n; ^5 q& Q) fsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
7 U4 n; l- H; t2 c+ q5 [) Cand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial2 q% k( b* Y: d9 y
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of. r- i) F* |5 ]( J9 {
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
6 J. |5 d5 @' G) E; pA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=1 j4 j$ A7 ~: m& U
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]; l: D! m/ E9 B& g
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
, s" `$ K5 H# C6 yretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on7 X/ \3 q: \: k+ Z7 @( N
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset+ ^4 c& j9 S0 K5 m6 P0 `- ?! q$ E
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
m' O8 M8 t3 u( Rsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
6 c' B" Q/ J' y5 ]- {% a2 Q( s3 ssemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( |$ `8 \8 \" y: f j& ?! [7 iend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In, P+ W# M5 k1 P* X- D# L0 O; O
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,* u/ r2 m: E y$ B
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..0 |, W4 I* I( V7 X2 B$ P2 n
. m0 t& O8 B1 O' E) `4 {(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)+ ~6 L2 c; i V* [
and American speakers of English, |
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