 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
0 }' w1 e9 h. N _) jInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
' L1 a4 ]. e/ D3 `! c3 Wsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 w% B5 u: S* W! @; Wand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial$ Q, r `. c! L; H4 ]8 Q
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
/ {. |3 {* l$ l o# ~1 m' @retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
6 O4 o$ |/ w! j+ E, y: WA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=$ J* u4 m/ q8 u8 Q: ~0 W5 p) _
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
+ [" h; ^; l/ p(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving8 Q' Z5 E! j2 Q8 T
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on8 L& j/ D( q, @6 S. s: n
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
& ]$ W% ?7 \: o) Z+ G(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
0 {& I, J$ P6 Csegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a) P$ ]) r3 p4 Y6 b# F
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.- d. a& u# ?7 d6 i/ ^( F
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In2 I% I1 |# m$ e" p3 @* ?6 Z
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,! N7 G8 h' d" G+ e- o. N
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
' o+ T* K+ C e/ f
& t: Z5 | J& ~9 g+ X(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
6 A" B' h% D4 x% F8 _" s. o9 yand American speakers of English, |
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