 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The I7 @& Y4 [5 V+ r1 D: d1 ^
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the/ ?) o" j- z* R$ `6 f- M0 L
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,! [+ k% m3 p( E' D# p- `
and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
2 {% j! V0 Y3 b; S- [2 M(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of0 b- h7 w" G$ m# a+ v' z$ g3 R
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ v1 w- a. P9 y0 \
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
6 h5 s1 W7 G$ J- g6 l/ ][y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]: I6 G6 R) H$ c: O% }/ `) r2 a
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving+ J+ V5 Z8 i2 c$ k) w8 I4 c
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on1 ?2 I! K v$ x `; r9 @( E: V
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
( C! C! m7 M- a( ^1 V2 |9 n) O(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two$ t- W! a% l' C+ }! K$ S3 d
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
0 V3 g7 @8 n4 o. K0 g+ ?semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
" L( r+ D( e7 ]end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
" x$ `' x' q d. K Z& J! J# `% ocompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,5 q. a/ F" d8 D1 _$ z0 X3 L, g
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..$ ?+ Z2 v1 V" g1 o# |4 d; y
K. i6 i6 ^1 }5 @2 O* H0 y G8 D
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)& p: ]: V" ]- n" I: p
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
