 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The; T) t8 p; h1 V j
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
: H4 l6 Y- {# {( \! Q6 lsyllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& p9 u: I/ X+ T) ~and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
1 e+ v4 J( Y' A% Z, M& P5 @! O. Q(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
. I0 [, f$ R& a$ b3 G. q/ qretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ |! K f+ x2 p$ U% J* k
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
# I9 x9 c2 I& z3 r8 C# N[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]+ E, u4 o5 D. a
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
) M& I4 F$ N) v, oretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
, F% S V8 q9 _. Hpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
+ [; _8 ~! E, z- m' p3 G) _& r) ]( l(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two4 `9 h+ d# g" D' e& I; ^
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a1 N* O: X1 M7 U2 p5 i( ?
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
2 n* t' T! x/ Y* V, Bend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
8 A3 T- C1 g& a7 s- Tcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,+ }/ e2 A0 I* F8 m5 \
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
8 ^- P6 V' q; C0 m8 c# C: _+ S) {4 U7 L' y" Y3 e/ _
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
1 {9 [2 e+ [$ _8 Mand American speakers of English, |
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