 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& H2 a' ]1 `' N" u! _: g
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the
, E! d$ K! m3 h0 I4 L3 _$ L8 H: [syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
& K4 B0 Q1 h6 r) Q ?and uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial. _" ^" X$ n% h0 d0 a m
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
) S1 r+ n4 x" o+ S3 v1 h; a, Aretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’)./ q* d3 s/ U F6 Y4 b
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
) `# u' A8 P1 ?% W: j6 Z J[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
- \2 Z Z6 r3 T7 S; l(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving. _( A- K F2 d" P9 U8 R) v
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
% o8 [2 H( K1 `possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) b" ?) [) q2 G% G2 z(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two% q! g' S' d5 i: e4 I7 O) N I( z
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a* Y$ I7 M# C; S$ C6 ` z, [0 s2 e" H
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
# ]- ?- a1 i0 X& o: \2 mend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In7 f$ j; w* \# b5 b C; r7 _% h6 s
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,( ~0 q8 Y) ]2 |3 v7 p
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..; q9 h) u+ L0 v2 z, y, r( C. w+ I
7 _$ e; ~! U/ U- F% N7 [(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
5 i! b u. m! cand American speakers of English, |
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