 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The: C! k! `* {, U- m- t* b* C
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the+ {( g3 X& t, R0 L9 n+ [
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
9 P$ b' U. M9 O/ x Hand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
. t( n0 b3 N' L: e(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
' s. S5 h/ W- Uretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
' K3 @6 L d0 U# ^A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=6 |+ v; L# o( Q2 O p
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 \8 f9 G+ c1 K4 d3 J& O4 {* L7 y
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving4 s; {1 [( [4 S V
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on1 h7 ^1 Q, d4 \8 ^( Z# O9 i
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset5 }2 ]' ~. ^; O0 Q
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two5 z5 \! B- ]0 Y" u! D- j
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
4 @% [/ y9 h+ c& \semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
f4 d: `; Z. s6 }9 x& O, @end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In% K9 N$ o% J& F0 E6 A
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
9 d% {8 r) N5 f- p0 nthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..6 Z1 m$ r" \2 q4 b ]7 g
" G8 n$ W6 m8 F3 e- w. }
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
+ l9 A/ v& S3 c8 Jand American speakers of English, |
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