 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The- k3 \/ g+ U5 |0 }8 F* X' [
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the0 y2 m" K, m% M9 p$ m, m' Y2 Z
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
4 y- ^1 o- t) z4 o. Mand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
# U1 m1 p, N& I+ u# r8 Y8 P! H( g(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of3 o# A$ P+ d" P3 J
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
" }* n- R i8 V7 VA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
C9 j2 V) N* M8 }5 C[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]* s9 n* p6 Z0 w0 ~
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
4 G9 r0 m. ^8 o, }retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
( t7 O$ H% u- _0 c; Qpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
* ^* L8 J9 B2 O6 j4 y(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two4 d. {1 \' p0 v) k' `2 M: J+ f
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
# c p. R4 i( a9 U" ?1 fsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.5 b, X! ?. P( M% t6 a9 S8 i
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In. R6 U. E3 V, ]( B5 ]4 B" ^
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,- {! i! b4 d: C5 g) E0 F. k s
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
7 o- N0 {9 d0 i; v
) ] [9 x4 w+ d) r(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)! f1 k" y* ~# V* U
and American speakers of English, |
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