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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The
1 C; R3 I, U! \$ _. B8 @/ YInitial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the% H* d3 e* ]+ L' D/ W T; ?
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
9 I( Q# c9 t) W$ o5 }. {/ w% Iand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial2 L7 }+ j! T! O' k c
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of
( ^5 J. R9 J2 P3 O+ p5 jretroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
9 s. A q, w' s* @A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
* {8 Z# f' k2 C \! J& P[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
0 s$ l9 l: k4 k(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving' [/ Y \6 v0 A8 V
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
/ u/ T3 f2 H5 A3 f# hpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset
) x( f# D4 Z0 H0 W3 v' t(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two
- j$ x5 V+ C9 Y- M8 s. [. xsegments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a
( m) {$ [8 X/ zsemivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
( @/ O z( z# L' D; yend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In$ `9 }0 J: O4 v9 K3 @& [
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,& U8 G5 F2 J/ l9 z# Y( M }
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..% E, n& n& G2 H% t, u3 k
" a4 @" o. r, \0 V
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)# ?2 v9 C* g. l3 O
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
