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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The Y# B! s+ z) `! o) e
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the5 T& e# M4 E; X n( o) f
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
$ l8 N9 h: D- @# ~; ]) G! tand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial& Z: u2 O, z' p* s, ^
(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of/ v) Z( c& s: q R' e+ w
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).: X( e$ D' i5 Y4 E. m
A Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=
2 J% F0 M' K: Z6 z[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]
" Y( u* B+ |' @(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving
0 [2 q% R. m [9 f, p2 k9 x0 Hretroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on
9 d7 n# b5 J& K' vpossible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset3 P# K, ], i/ f
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two$ O6 d5 P& u- M: r3 U* x7 k: n
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a, S o) n2 a* Q& l- z* A1 f; [
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.
$ }) Z( z2 }4 }! ^' ?) B; uend with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In! q/ l. ]6 v, J2 h
compound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,( N4 V/ f8 H: C0 {2 W2 z1 F# L5 W2 |9 R
the latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
4 d3 K5 A: C' A* A/ |; r1 I6 c8 o1 \3 ^
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)# w2 _+ `5 a2 m N* U( K) l
and American speakers of English, |
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狗仔卡
发表于 2009-4-18 08:18
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
显身卡
发表于 2009-4-18 10:05
