 鲜花( 0)  鸡蛋( 0)
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Traditional Chinese phonology divides the syllable into an Initial and Final. The& I& e" c. A( Q5 y& G
Initial is the way a syllable begins, usually with a consonant. The Final is the6 g8 V( N( Y- D0 i8 g7 b8 p" r
syllable minus the Initial. For example, in ta, chi, jin, chuang, the Finals are a, i, in,
; o+ }/ ]: D* d, m: Oand uang, respectively. The longest form of a Final consists of three parts: a medial
) s( a' _( e T3 [4 ~% c(or: semivowel), a main vowel (or: head vowel), and an ending (or, in the case of% S& O" Y( K3 M' W! R; D
retroflex suffixes, sometimes two endings, as in the er-sound ming’er ‘tomorrow’).
2 x' ]9 H* X: a; Q1 S9 t$ J7 @! wA Final in Mandarin comprises one of four medials: º (empty), /i/, /u/, or /iu/ (=* U0 f/ p9 p: L/ ]* u3 B! w8 b
[y], one of three vowels: /a/, /e/, or /o/, and one of six endings: º, -i, -u, -n, -N, and [”]4 C( Y$ q2 s% E6 s+ t
(phonetically -r).13 Actually, there are only 40 different Finals (if Finals involving# u1 _' U7 u8 n* X( c8 E& _6 I) s
retroflex suffixes are not counted). As a result of these very severe restrictions on3 a$ l* }8 P3 Q
possible syllables in Mandarin, no obstruent clusters are possible in the onset- l1 I2 n2 G1 w$ f3 g
(Initial) nor in the coda (Final). Onset clusters can maximally have a length of two: M- T/ N; K0 R* \
segments, in which case the consonant closest to the vocalic nucleus must be a% o) m0 Q/ R# d3 m+ l5 w, e9 X9 W
semivowel. Coda clusters are disallowed; in fact, syllables are generally open, i.e.1 p3 w( S! x e# E9 N) V
end with a vowel. The only possible coda consonants are the nasals /n/ and /N/. In
$ J3 \9 |4 E6 e9 L' c* j' ~, Rcompound vowels with /a, e, o/ as the first segment and /i, u/ as the second element,
! D: O5 s6 V. Wthe latter are phonetically realised as semivowels, creating a diphthong. .. bla...bla... bla..
! \& N* u$ G6 D3 I& q7 I6 q. {) S! t) h3 y6 `# S7 n4 ]( g$ L
(source: Wang Hongyan, year unkown, English as a lingua franca:Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch)
- }7 } c! ^6 }* M7 d/ ?4 f7 Qand American speakers of English, |
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