 鲜花( 94)  鸡蛋( 2)
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深蓝是专为下棋设计的计算机,直接和手机上运行软件相比可能不能体现芯片技术的提高。
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# ~2 c5 H, K3 r H5 X4 H% S我们可以从棋力相比。可以参考这个关于Elo的统计,卡斯帕罗夫的棋力大致2851。所以看来现在的四核台式电脑借助komodo程序可以打败深蓝,手机版本iPhone也许过两代也可以相比。
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关于计算能力的另一指标MIPS,有如下芯片的比较。可以看到手机及时是iPhone,和台式机性能总还是有几倍的差别。' j/ g0 I- K* O. G
> MIPS Equivalents2 E9 y5 Y0 E+ F* _: r, \- ^
>
; L1 ?: \7 S; o! J4 s> Vax 11/780 = 1 MIPS& \% I: p. b5 e2 G. ]
> 10^9 Mind Children b/s = 40 MIPS
, C* V2 k- P) \) Y! L# X* W7 _> 1757 Dhrystones = 1 MIPS
6 T' O' `1 F8 b# A9 o> 1 Dhrystone 2.1 MIPS = 1 MIPS9 j! L! n$ ~0 @
> 1 Specmark = 1 MIPS
3 E- {" a, c# B) V> 1 Specint92 = 1 MIPS
" T( n: J3 f! i: ]( g. G> 1 Specint95 = 40 MIPS
( V- c' D( X$ ]! t> 1 Specint2000 = 4 MIPS, j1 q9 C' ?& J7 a, S
> 1 MacBench = 0.66 MIPS+ x; X7 A4 M; r) b6 j `
> 1 MacBench 5.0 = 0.58 MIPS
; K! k3 m- }" r" e3 G+ ]> 1 MacBogoMIPS = 7.3 MIPS' L# V( N8 J. v/ G
> 1 MacBogoMIPS Opt. = 1.8 MIPS
7 @0 L4 C: |4 m7 ]> 1 BYTEmark = 100 MIPS
: p: W: D& r' m% F> 1 MacWorld Speedmark = 110 MIPS
+ Q6 P( V" P' `* H, G, S+ I> 1 WinScore 2.0 = 3.4 MIPS
! `( X% M6 B5 K% X> 1 Sysmark 2002 = 15 MIPS% Z/ k8 w( c5 p/ {9 d
> 1 SPECint_base2000 = 5 MIPS' O. y8 t( b; G0 L4 Z
> 1 SPECint_rate_base2000 = 431 MIPS
7 D1 v8 H$ V4 a> 1 Speedmark 4.5 = 18.5 MIPS) [- ~! ~. @& u) l8 P" u
> 1 Cinebench 10 = 3.4 MIPS D4 q& X% C% x7 C/ `) _8 {' O; n
> 1 Cinebench 11.5 = 8000 MIPS
# H3 B! U) e/ i6 V4 M> 1 Speedmark 6 = 110 MIPS
2 b2 J& T. o8 R: D" c> 1 Speedmark 6.5 = 130 MIPS
( q- @' O! w8 m, q6 ?> 1 Geekbench 2 = 5.5 MIPS
`: d' o7 ~, E> 1 Geekbench 3 = 13 MIPS
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% }. n9 g! m8 b1 g6 A6 _> Type 3 V+ |0 I( i4 k7 A; s9 M, u
> H Hand (manual calculation)7 k N1 c( u5 U+ [! d( E a
> G Gear (mechanical calculator)
# w% m# @" b, N& y U0 w3 \> E Electromechanical- j' U+ P1 L, ?- {6 A J; P# `
> V Vacuum tube& Z. X; a8 w! \7 T) N [! I6 X
> T Transistor3 M1 Q1 ^! p" X' V" ^% L1 o$ @
> C Ceramic (discrete components on small ceramic chip)( a$ r" @5 |1 J$ E) H
> I Integrated circuit' o8 T J: b0 X1 u+ W4 k0 ?1 e
> P Processor (integrated microprocessor)4 \' D# x2 U! `. S/ r
> R RISC processor
3 M* W q' o, T$ C- f2 S' ^3 w) s> M Multiprocessor' g# n" L; Z4 ~. |( \2 d' z( T
> -+<>{* layout hints for early graph
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" a% N }" f% K7 g, o> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS+ f9 q; {5 ^" k2 T% r; Q: @
>
! l# {9 A# X" U1 L: k% }9 t' n' TBy_Hand -<H 1892 8500 9.54e-05 1.19e-08
3 i: O' X% _7 [& d) S% \& P6 P$ BOhdner G 1891 11000 1.49e-07 3.33e-09
9 a0 \' c+ I KSteiger_Millionaire G 1900 12000 3.58e-07 1.33e-08
6 X" a3 s6 l5 B% q! j! ZHollerith G 1908 50000 0.000286 1.85e-08
( B* O( Z- `7 uAnalytical_Engine G 1910 1e+06 0.0244 3.77e-078 `. m% A( }1 V6 F
Monroe_Calculator -{G 1911 35000 2.86e-06 2.18e-08
2 k8 n( F; Z7 R. MIBM_Tabulator +<G 1919 20000 2.38e-05 4.12e-08
! c2 q! c: X# I% j9 E$ }Torres_Arithmometer E 1920 25000 4.77e-06 3.58e-08
6 @. ^2 s7 z! D3 T4 }8 oNational-Ellis_3000 G 1928 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-08
# D+ Z' `( `, a. dBurroughs_Class_16 +G 1929 15000 4.29e-06 7.38e-085 L) P* h( z- l; f' o
Zuse-1 -<G 1938 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-089 I2 }% Q0 d3 v4 A) @) |+ v& U/ R+ c6 G
Zuse-2 EG 1939 10000 3.05e-05 4.24e-073 T) T( o/ P5 ]. ]& V/ J
BTL_Model_1 E 1939 50000 3.81e-06 2e-06
4 ^3 c# b5 w: O! d! Q. rZuse-3 EG 1941 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06" L# }, d2 J( Q8 {5 d4 e1 Q9 M. s! g2 a+ e
BTL_Model_2 E 1943 50000 1.19e-05 1.03e-06
& D* H- f6 h# r9 b5 i0 }' GColossus +V 1943 100000 2.38e-06 0.000224
, Q$ c; C0 [5 i) ~/ rBTL_Model_3 E 1943 200000 4.29e-05 2.83e-06) b! q" b# s7 s! T/ w0 Y& B/ x
ASCC_(Mark_1) -<E 1944 300000 0.000601 2.33e-06
1 t& [# T- @7 i2 y) Q; yZuse-4 E 1945 50000 0.000244 2.04e-06
! Y& _- y& v N4 CBTL_Model_5 E 1946 500000 0.000147 3.29e-06: j& {: X% i8 v( u
ENIAC +V 1946 600000 9.54e-05 0.00289
0 `- q, @! V9 k# lHarvard_Mark_2 E 1947 300000 0.000488 6.22e-06
; t+ j j4 u; z4 @2 B6 XIBM_SSEC VE 1948 500000 4.58e-05 0.000597
5 Z4 Q, q8 x' W/ D. Q3 ^EDSAC V 1949 100000 0.00214 0.00255
2 |& @; L' h. P! m+ y/ k3 @. NSEAC V 1950 800000 0.00549 0.00416
+ y7 v. l! d$ j+ q6 FUNIVAC_I +V 1951 930000 0.00537 0.00575
7 \8 J! q, P# _( Q. M, VZuse-5 E 1952 100000 0.000244 9.33e-06; o7 Q0 n Y8 V
IBM_CPC VE 1952 100000 0.000154 0.00176& L- a+ w6 `& h8 h4 g$ ]# K
IBM_650 ->V 1953 200000 0.00488 0.000966
C$ \$ v+ L& f$ JEDVAC V 1954 500000 0.00537 0.0017
3 k* X5 ~+ N$ X8 X( e5 AWhirlwind +<V 1955 200000 0.00391 0.06943 U- W% z$ ^) L# g* J2 `
IBM_704 +V 1955 2e+06 0.0352 0.0536
# t. U8 n% y( f5 t |Librascope_LGP-30 V 1956 50000 0.0159 0.000701' ` [9 p, g6 A& c! |8 S4 ]
IBM_7090 +>T 1959 3e+06 0.141 0.3263 o" K! k9 l( k+ Y! e! n
IBM_1620 -T 1960 200000 0.0122 0.001037 _4 n2 d& b. [2 D) F' q5 ]
DEC_PDP-1 T 1960 150000 0.0176 0.124% l( s: a2 G1 U, o" i5 n
Atlas T 1961 5e+06 0.0234 1.4
+ r( @1 s# }0 C. d0 |! i nBurroughs_5000 ->T 1962 1e+06 0.0254 0.0989+ p7 T$ u0 w5 k5 @
IBM_7040 -T 1963 560000 0.07 0.0636 p) m/ l8 g$ p
Honeywell_1800 T 1963 1400000 0.093 0.15
5 {2 \& \% q6 r" S( KDEC_PDP-6 T 1964 300000 0.0703 0.169$ I: I6 M$ y1 N7 r+ h
CDC_6600 T 1964 5e+06 4 8.768 J0 ~9 L$ j- b8 H3 T( u. }
IBM_1130 +{C 1965 50000 0.0156 0.15
7 A1 \! t8 \+ X7 v; q, B" ~% pIBM_360/75 -C 1966 5e+06 8 2.54
1 R! Y$ R! o1 l. X4 {3 n/ }IBM_360/65 C 1967 3e+06 4 1.24
! S% ~; f6 r1 |. ^, I- VDEC_PDP-10 +I 1968 500000 0.562 0.6550 f7 |& a& w2 x. a/ ~
CDC_7600 +T 1969 1e+07 8 25.7 t- g3 T3 _; u: ?2 w
DG_Nova ->I 1969 7600 0.008 0.1175
% Q; Z# v. Y3 Y: S, s6 T" |& [- [GE-635 T 1970 2e+06 0.5 0.649
- `; x7 M/ ^. GSDS_920 -T 1971 100000 0.25 0.105
4 b& w% P; B4 F! F! w5 aIBM_360/195 C 1972 8e+06 0.5 17.3
1 C& N1 I$ X' I8 j) w# fHoneywell_700 I 1972 12000 0.031 0.0751 X% W- Q# k" e+ p/ ^; P- G% |
Prime_Computer_100 I 1973 8500 0.031 0.362 c4 L; l- ]! v& N# l
IBM-370/168 I 1974 2e+06 1 8.88
- U9 P' M+ X: _. pMITS_Altair P 1974 500 0.00024 0.01
( M- Q- C/ P% n6 P# [. W- MDG_Eclipse +I 1975 50000 0.25 0.47
9 R& B" W3 J$ c W% S+ kDEC-KL-10 -I 1975 500000 4.5 2.3: G0 v$ e- ?2 v! o
DEC_PDP-11/70 I 1976 150000 0.125 0.4
: b* v% E# d0 O# X; a0 iCray-1 I 1976 1e+07 32 150
) J: g4 m j. D1 K" u5 i! l5 v) ~Apple_II +P 1977 1300 0.0039 0.02
3 Y" I! @# H% I1 N Y6 dDEC_VAX_11/780 -<P 1977 200000 8 1.0/ ^+ J7 s& R" l& t1 }0 x; {) H, ~6 P
TRS-80 P 1977 2000 0.015 0.04
8 | r3 [ |. V$ U& sCommodore_PET I 1977 1500 0.008 0.06
" ^: H' y& C9 N9 y4 D( C# ^2 lCDC_IPL I 1978 500000 1 7.56 x+ N8 m5 x6 Z* S
Nanodata_VMX200 I 1979 300000 2 2.1) I5 l! ^. d4 _* ?! X: A+ V
TRS-80_M3 P 1980 1200 0.015 0.04- M) Y. {% n4 T% |' U
Sun-1 P 1980 30000 1 0.4843 s3 [% W4 [/ d4 v7 P
CDC_Cyber-205 I 1981 9e+06 16 73.2
$ @$ h+ G f0 wVic_20 P 1981 279 0.005 0.04
$ r. i8 F/ E5 y/ P5 ~IBM_PC +<P 1982 3500 0.0635 0.238
8 J+ o) V% t' o* ]! aSun-2 +<P 1982 20000 2 0.741
- [! Z7 U; F! F( U6 rCommodore_64 +P 1982 500 0.0825 0.23 w: X# m! v" m( [7 W5 G
TRS-80_M4 P 1983 1000 0.0635 0.2; s3 l C% Q+ c9 D9 I: E4 }2 r
Vax_11/750 -<P 1983 50000 4 0.799
! D& b( G, {% n' M( e: L" sMacintosh-128K +<P 1984 2500 0.125 0.52% X% @/ P% B0 N u0 ]
Vax_11/785 P 1984 200000 0.0156 2.260 G3 e4 r" t! Z" }$ O: G
Cray-2/4 M 1985 1e+07 1.95e+03 824( t: C3 P3 L, C) D7 T" |! `
L.Edge_XT-7.16 P 1985 1995 0.25 0.26% |) J* r. A m
Atari_800XL P 1985 850 0.64 0.165
" t4 z6 I4 B* z8 Z" ?+ k3 BSun-3 -<P 1986 10000 4 2.052 k m6 M- q" S7 y m
DEC_VAX_8650 P 1986 125000 16 7.71) j3 c9 S! F3 g2 S& M+ @
MIT_XT-8 P 1986 500 0.25 0.534) X' B5 v8 w/ A9 s' V
Mac_II +P 1987 3000 2 2.5
/ U* K% Y( m# DSun-4 R 1987 10000 16 1.87
* y3 r7 E, T6 t& {# Z# mMac-IIx P 1988 9295 4 3.9
+ ^5 a: w+ j5 H" @0 oCompuAdd_386-16 P 1988 2095 1 2.8
) c6 k( L% q0 p$ B; ?6 ^% qPC_Brand_386-25 P 1988 2450 1 4.31 R e+ a$ a Y' F5 `6 r' c
Wang_VS_10000 P 1989 510000 16 103
, ^( D$ v8 ^8 E2 A0 cMacintosh_SE30 P 1989 6495 5 3.9# Q! q# x% [7 ]6 K% U' w' b/ w
Solbourne_5/500 P 1989 50000 2 25.5
` x K, ?8 k5 ?! qStardent_3000 P 1990 89000 32 27.3
+ M* r& t" g* e9 f) f& f) |6 a( ADell_320LX P 1990 2900 1 12.5
/ g, t; }; |; iMac_IIfx -P 1990 9869 4 10.06 f1 v) k+ w1 B% W0 J
Amiga_3000 P 1990 3300 2 12.5
4 E& Z7 B4 {' O: d7 l: p: F) `3 zGateway-486DX2/66 +P 1991 3900 8 30.9
$ z6 Q7 P' k g# ]& a) v2 a( Z- [ACT_468/33 P 1991 3400 4 21.8. O) Z& j9 D: \6 U
Mac-Quadra-900 P 1991 3299 8 22.0! p# S2 ?0 V" ~& H. ~
AST_Bravo P 1992 1400 2 12.9
) h, i9 z0 E5 ^; eIBM_PS/2_55-041 P 1992 2000 4 10.6# ^7 @. d3 \& ]# v' q1 Z
NEC_Powermate P 1992 4800 4 21.8
! b' z) D& i' _5 W9 d ]; H0 H* S, E1 DIBM_Valuepoint P 1993 3600 4 26.1
7 _' U& T. f+ A: ^Acer_Power P 1993 3500 4 44.5
8 T7 r; n6 G4 f- g' ~9 Z, `1 I; i9 YDECpc_LPv P 1993 2900 4 16.6
9 d2 }, W# z' j3 v8 B" \* o, q% XIBM_433/DX/Si P 1994 1800 4 26.1
5 N7 c" b, I8 F. [4 z B4 H6 OGateway_2000_486 P 1994 1000 2 16.2
/ j" e* R) G% d1 ~. s( xPowerMac_7100/66 R 1994 2899 8 100
5 l C$ W2 }# X9 YPowerMac_8500/120 R 1995 3999 16 180
: i2 U/ V, F1 @% i! x% j% EPowerMac_9500/132 R 1995 5299 16 2002 g& m0 f3 _7 h3 u
Intel_Xpress/60 R 1995 2000 8 70
" T" r2 v+ T. _- NGateway_P5-75 P 1996 2000 16 92
: G1 }: q {7 L( ?% zPower_Tower_180e *R 1996 3295 16 300. ?% p8 }; R- \" F# Q' q
PowerMac_7600/132 R 1996 2999 16 160- W- {+ D! C( H' K2 d w4 x
Gateway_G6-200 *P 1997 2949 64 3500 s6 S- s: r) ]+ s- @) V+ Q
Power_Center_210 R 1997 2500 32 375
# ?: N. F9 n0 UMac_G3/266 R 1997 2000 32 500
* \$ l6 f5 L' d. G8 b+ E& hiMac_G3/233 *R 1998 1300 32 450
; u% U+ \7 R/ FAcerPower8000/450B P 1998 2250 128 4756 Z! K. S C" p/ g4 K* f
Mac_G3/333 R 1998 2300 64 650
1 B( [) O" _, A4 GPentium_II/455 *P 1999 2000 64 750
5 A' j5 b$ g( ]1 ~) z' S- Z8 ?1 wPentium_III/500 R 1999 2500 128 820
" H* G( \8 o0 I0 EMac_G4/450 *R 1999 2500 128 856
. z" J* p( B) E" WIBM_ASCI_White *M 2000 110e6 4e6 10e6+ D& s5 F5 ]3 i% |
Sony_Playstation_II *R 2000 300 32 6000- b6 [( C* A2 Z/ L
Mac_G4/500_dual *M 2000 3500 256 1500
# ?7 T: a( O i# H* P |- CCerfCube R 2001 500 32 230) d8 F4 x+ ]* U
Mac_G4/867 R 2001 2500 128 1300; H/ ~% Z, m. z/ N6 R5 x
Dell_Workst_340/2G P 2001 3000 256 3320
m% _7 Q$ I4 U) G- M* U) BiMac_G4/700 R 2002 1600 256 11000 Y l9 i% Q+ H$ p
Dell_Workst_340/2.5 P 2002 2500 256 4500
8 [1 X& ]0 u y }Athlon_XP_2.6GHz P 2002 3000 256 4144
2 u( n3 h5 c) t! C; z6 zMac_G4/Dual-1.25GHz M 2003 2000 512 2500
3 v' A+ e( Y( H! WDell_D_8300_P4/3.0 P 2003 2500 2048 4439/ [1 b# S. ^3 Z! J- `8 V/ A1 L2 V
Mac_G5/Dual-2.0 M 2003 3500 1536 7413
2 V# M7 d7 e, [/ \- v) [9 lDell_P4-530_3.0 P 2004 1200 512 5100' b1 ~# h( F$ w
Mac_G5/Dual-2.5 M 2004 3500 2048 10000+ u% ~% {7 [" w& Z; j" l+ N
VAtech_SysX_2.3G M 2004 6e6 4.5e6 20e63 e0 o f4 q: Z: R N3 X& z! M3 I
Athlon64_FX55-2.6 P 2004 2000 1024 6800' o# u0 ` [) |3 T& C$ G: \
Mac_Mini_G4-1.25 P 2005 500 256 1850* ]1 p0 Y! @. e. Y" j" ]
Opteron_252-2.6 M 2005 1500 1024 70009 c: u* ^/ B: `
Mac_G5/Quad-2.5 M 2005 3500 2048 24000
# A# I& _% v1 ~ SiMac-Core_Duo_2.0x2 M 2006 1700 512 150002 D0 \) l% K: a+ G% c
Mac_Pro_Xeon_2.66x4 M 2006 2500 1024 30000
! S; w' g5 W- w" T# z eMac_Mini_Duo_1.83x2 M 2006 800 512 9000/ p7 N" w' L( C% U4 |" l9 Y
Mac_Pro/2_3GHzx8 M 2007 4000 2048 50000, t7 ~, b! W% W' @. c
Sun_Blackbox M 2007 5e5 1e6 5e6# q. u1 T$ {, A( r, x# Y& R9 t# Q
IBM_Blue_Gene/P M 2007 13e5 2e6 14e6
6 R$ D6 c$ t" u& J% F$ QMac_Pro/2.8GHzx8 M 2008 3500 4096 60000
* T; w9 e! B4 }$ h* y( i; iIBM_Roadrunner(LANL) M 2008 133e6 100e6 1e9$ @ o7 v9 ^1 \" C o( I5 ~
Cray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2008 100e6 400e6 1e9- l7 {: w* _; a; s7 a
Mac_Mini_Duo_2x2 M 2009 600 1024 11000* l( h# B: t2 i3 t+ \; K
Acer_Aspire_X1700 M 2009 480 4096 100000 A) n" i; ?1 \7 A5 D/ c" i @
Mac_Nehalem_2.66x8 M 2009 4500 8192 78000
6 I; m H+ J8 Z5 Z+ zCray/XT5_Jaguar(ORNL) M 2010 100e6 400e6 1.75e9
X* w3 z9 S' Y0 z- K& yMac_Westmere_2.93x12 M 2010 7000 16384 121000: N; m# `% w" ?+ e" d) P
Tianhe-1A(China) M 2010 100e6 262e6 2.67e9
& z8 t8 ?# `, M" _. l- fiPad-2 P 2011 500 512 1600
5 u0 K9 ^4 J. V5 y/ @iMac_21_i5_2.5x4 M 2011 1200 4096 400000 E3 f$ t& V( i5 L# `$ K" p! Q
MacBook_Pro_15_2.2x4 M 2011 1200 4096 510003 j% Q L9 E2 X/ X
Fujitsu_K_Computer M 2012 1e9 1e9 10e9. s% @' q) e" t3 M. O
Raspberry_Pi P 2012 25 256 10007 {2 U, D8 S# Z# H- @' ^1 T4 M( |6 L
iPad-2012 M 2012 600 1024 4150
# T+ u- w: \9 E* biPhone-5C M 2013 500 1024 9210
4 c) @- t- x. T! w5 biPhone-5S M 2013 600 1024 18200
7 A$ R! n3 ^' k. cMacBookAir-11(2013) M 2013 1100 4096 58240
, h0 k9 p: c# |8 B8 F& a! P3 p' S1 RMacBookAir-11(2014) M 2014 900 4096 621531 A9 ?2 F& c8 Z( i9 ]3 s
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3 I) `5 E$ a: o/ `3 f* {2 {> Machine Type Date Dollars Mbytes MIPS
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