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本帖最后由 billzhao 于 2018-6-6 10:48 编辑
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http://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/106880 \: ~& G' x+ [! c
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
# ]; f6 |. P. s G* VYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of/ Q) I7 C" _$ k' e( u
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
4 B& h0 c7 W& y/ h" R, ^7 k$ _( J \& j3 X" V; [
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
( l9 _/ J& P% F9 V' u8 C$ kFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China./ B& H# y9 ]3 F1 G! {! M
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) ." v6 r( ^$ V* t* l8 [' F
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 20181 s; |# \6 @' v5 d; j
Published online 26 January 2018
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: i6 {! f# n1 b8 Y( iAbstract$ t1 k: e2 P ^7 a
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing6 u; f* J+ D" I! W/ A0 m V" r
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
0 b: \/ J0 E2 R5 Z6 G% nTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been- A2 ^3 I% \7 k1 t
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not) f3 g1 b5 `/ j6 P
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific4 R6 G" r( e; ?: ?
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly: v! q: r+ q. Z6 i
to the standardization of the scientific terminology6 u# H5 a$ M! \0 F, W
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s, q0 h8 R6 L0 D a5 r
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,2 V( Y: f9 `5 I
and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
5 k% y2 S$ E4 f9 astandardization of the scientific terminology translation9 x( T7 h7 S! t& z, R/ L
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
5 s9 k5 ?9 W9 `7 E Z n( V; u/ y$ ]* vhe established had helped greatly with the popularization
/ j7 p3 ]; ^$ }$ ^of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring
4 k5 k: f& s" w3 r0 qthe Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way+ X& j. B1 M' R: i: X: K; p v8 B
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
- r/ E* U7 ^; Fthat various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
7 [4 {- {2 i1 L5 Dgreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific$ B' D) v: w; W8 k& \4 m& ?
terminology.8 P! d6 U2 l: g* Z$ b$ q% b! e! N, P
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;9 g; H. W8 z& @7 n
Standardization of terminology translation9 z, u7 {3 @+ [9 H$ [3 \
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to& N) o# m) o% ^4 n [. s7 r ?. I
Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern& o- Y+ c% B7 M
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available* L* z/ Q1 {3 \+ v+ L, n7 g
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213
8 [. W* [& F r+ l! u/ s& GDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION: s! [9 h7 F% X. L3 {" R. e5 S
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
* L" j5 a( v( K# \a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).4 I0 L" F6 Y7 y) q( P# A/ \
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to8 N* b5 F/ ~2 n7 r& O) q
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
/ I% _$ M2 D4 l5 k9 C" z/ sSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
/ k' l) H; b% F: Pby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as m; x( b2 e( `/ f6 G0 G
an editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on" f$ [- O8 X! ~* f
his job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-3 `) a* ]- M4 t7 j3 b4 R ~
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
: Q# A' M. X2 M1 w* ^& l+ |works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,+ Q- c( N6 q5 c
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction., |9 Q8 x. |- {& F& u# W
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated" u2 ?/ a4 `$ m d# T! e* n
to him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
_+ j+ H6 S+ ^5 p4 Ywould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
, ], [, ?4 ?5 P* `: d( E; ?revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
K% r/ V' c# T, ZFryer translated more than one hundred of Western
- I0 i& E. q0 s2 Xbooks that made him the most productive one among the2 {1 p2 |. {% P9 O9 O
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
" Q7 `; R7 k# T1 u& [2 vtranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
9 q% e/ ^( R6 g5 Unoble work which could help accelerate the process of- Z4 j6 Y" g; W0 g/ {' o3 ~
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
4 E3 l3 D2 o( R: {: D# e. J0 D% K0 kIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer! j1 {; [: k7 N& f9 T9 W o9 X4 A* N
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
' u1 h- \* Z/ t& @4 Lscience and the standardization of translated scientific) R( w+ ]" i" P7 A& T, E$ q- Q. |
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific: C- S) C4 m- l+ |8 N. p3 t6 A
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the6 V/ \9 _0 Z4 ]# r
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
: W% j+ n1 Q5 ^8 \# u4 kcontribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
, J; |: W3 B6 Z$ P8 f' m/ oof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in; j2 S: r$ q. O& P& v6 b$ B K
Modern China./ t7 q; w, ], f" c
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published( C2 |% K, J+ O' l) `* y- \
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
& w+ |2 A% g* f! U# ^travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing* \0 w& b$ q9 V8 d1 l/ o/ B
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In# w5 q8 x$ F/ p$ Z- q; J# W
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
* b/ b7 H# N; A9 Y6 b0 O9 [Technology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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