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0 p: m! t7 d f" I. vhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688
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* ^2 c' s) |+ p( W* }John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China2 |% o% { u$ A* l
YANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
]4 {1 G$ w7 J e. ?, g# c- fFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.& }; T* _3 x6 G" n7 I
+ J& G" t7 ^: S9 [& h; PLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of5 u% Q. E$ d, w8 w
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .6 ~/ Q+ B. X4 e8 n
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018
8 P$ c, B9 t* PPublished online 26 January 2018
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0 ]' h, _- B2 R0 f' MAbstract( a9 P* Y8 m" \3 F/ i8 w. N
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing
! H5 J0 D/ V7 F9 _' sDynasty who came to China and was employed by The
+ u* F; D8 l; V8 STranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been
- P8 G2 m! a) C' |# d$ M% vengaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not* p" F; v: f# L- D) x0 Z
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific U* b( r0 d+ k' {; t
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly
! U( U/ M% X3 }: Bto the standardization of the scientific terminology0 d2 H. p$ }: x6 `
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
$ T: H0 c. u ^0 \$ }scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
, X3 k+ Q. B, Q; Uand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the
4 k* g* Q2 M4 p8 C& Cstandardization of the scientific terminology translation
; J! p3 H# R4 B+ R* W9 F- ain Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien
' L3 F% h/ a8 K8 y4 e5 she established had helped greatly with the popularization( n0 ]- x$ Y( y' x# M& o" ^
of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring/ F9 A4 W) x, W& F
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way+ W/ @2 |4 |! s4 \2 I+ t! H* n- }
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
, F) q. Z* H3 v$ C }/ g8 {" \that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
" I/ T: E, W) q7 f8 F% e- ngreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
5 r: B. k- r4 H8 l% g+ w, {# L( B; Q" Y% aterminology., c1 l- I3 E( @8 i/ _
Key words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;- e9 T$ l0 n1 e* l
Standardization of terminology translation
* J/ G# { l" g/ e- ]' xYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
8 ]3 g4 u. W' q' UStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern
) b; T; i9 _- R9 O( V ?China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available% ~' Z( _/ s6 |$ n3 E1 Y" N0 _
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213' ~; x% z/ O" m. ~* t2 [' y. r4 i
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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( m/ x: n. _3 {9 r) |/ iINTRODUCTION
. V. T# \4 P- r9 I5 ]$ V; m4 VJohn Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and4 C8 v: ]/ M3 M; G
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).
5 r+ |, c9 f( Q9 S' g) sDriven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
( ~/ E' ^6 r. G- h& F0 Q" fHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
9 f1 R. ^4 C: _, G( x" \St. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
; A) I% |! ^/ R; `- lby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
9 a5 g% x' F# a$ H8 Q7 Ian editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
( i6 r' i& K1 u- g; P2 Q2 M- Dhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
* L# ?! r4 ^+ g% I: b- g3 D' m3 t1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
* B3 } d. A- N1 y6 i4 G3 k- Sworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,% @3 x- n7 }2 j3 y
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
. x5 t1 N# q& _: QNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
# Q% W. g% z6 {8 zto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
4 l& e8 @+ K* r( c) W+ |would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
9 J9 \# v, J1 S6 @revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,
/ v' R% g, U9 H9 R/ JFryer translated more than one hundred of Western+ ]2 K8 h* O9 n
books that made him the most productive one among the
9 y2 ]3 }) m0 c3 A/ _0 l2 H0 M- Aforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
" {. r0 ]; j8 j6 m% H( E3 Q7 J1 Ztranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a0 a5 G. X, _; ?; ^3 K0 G
noble work which could help accelerate the process of
% t1 [6 {& X. }people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
+ F1 @: n1 t1 `5 C! A' R- Q5 E: rIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer- S7 p3 _. G- I7 k
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
6 M( q% y- q" D3 rscience and the standardization of translated scientific% C% K9 ~" ^5 t M! E
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
" c0 f) e: J. A, G- y* nmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the! D b, C- M9 ^ Y! M% V8 t [
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another5 r* j: |7 M; b; Y' t: o. V
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
; s; _6 _0 C# [$ _+ G2 `3 s7 Iof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
Z4 c0 H' v$ O) {Modern China.
( u }0 X1 d- J: L" EAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published$ w3 `, t1 }: v. F: [! x
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of! ?( `# @, h( `9 r9 k, ?0 s' @
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing! A+ K5 l) {" n) P
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In6 r8 k2 R+ f1 g
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
0 U$ B* F: v" ZTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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