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5 A# U* d8 P* `+ e, p9 Uhttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688( [( R- f% ?1 r. _; w& `0 t* t c
5 [0 E( h& x+ l; h. a; g! f+ XJohn Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
: {6 A' T+ d! M8 z/ bYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
/ |) m; `0 {' U* s- S) uFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
9 b) b4 t" Y% n1 E1 b
% h L4 q5 X1 k' @. g, b$ KLI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of1 P2 \& O: B7 U
Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
8 L, p% i! D1 K1 s; ]7 U' d
6 u% g5 L5 k: ^2 ]0 S4 {3 I1 zSupported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .. T1 w# n/ y3 e/ n4 g6 E P
Received 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018; M6 m, s' u+ V5 y9 q" b
Published online 26 January 2018
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4 v- u3 w* b P% D @! t5 ^Abstract
/ |5 y8 s+ y' u# x& E2 HJohn Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing# e+ [1 `8 k$ j* L
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
3 G" F% j) Y4 H8 g. ~/ ZTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been; ?: l$ |5 J; p0 ?/ g
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not
# |2 a8 m$ s6 m# D2 \8 Y1 vonly having translated a great deal of Western scientific( a" d3 _ x- h( l
works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly0 ^3 w+ r% M: P3 F1 I3 l: ?( u/ U
to the standardization of the scientific terminology2 A# }, L$ u) Z
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s
( A8 b- E$ P6 E- V+ s- J/ escientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
: _4 ~' Q8 Y# z* r6 r3 E* j/ u% C0 Qand then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the8 c1 w! R; k4 e1 M
standardization of the scientific terminology translation% K* f, b; f6 [3 n) v
in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien7 m- D8 _7 v" l. W: b: w- l- N7 N
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
& h8 R* k! ~2 a8 Y: ]of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring4 b }# {# U5 z% i8 x) q/ d, l
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way' S3 A7 c5 k ?5 J6 _7 z
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and; V* U: U2 O `% y% h! O5 i
that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a' J1 t8 o7 x3 r' |: J0 J& U" ^
great degree, had standardized the translation of scientific
( L) s" r2 ?, s* ?. D+ h- wterminology.
- P$ X6 ?$ Q3 P0 V; q {0 k/ b' gKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;
: Y6 b: h/ ^$ l8 S9 ~, DStandardization of terminology translation
& g0 S; L1 I. I7 f4 e2 XYang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
" N' `" s$ u" ?% [5 } B/ F/ jStandardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern) t" X7 e' O+ A# W; X! b
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available
* [8 E, l+ p" Z( v8 P6 M9 Ifrom: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213) `4 N( E6 Y5 l% u8 q
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/102136 ^9 a3 n1 @7 c! Y1 G1 S
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INTRODUCTION$ {0 P. U/ q: c1 a% H& v
John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and
4 t: a4 G# x5 {( ^( ya great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).* r2 e+ ]7 a. q7 I& F; k
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to
9 P: i, m$ n, n5 VHong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
+ Y. a2 _7 N* B2 N' h4 YSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed
7 D7 e( X/ O' ]1 s. w& _/ Mby The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
/ M6 v; w5 W' T% m9 Nan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
2 m2 H1 h% p2 M0 Z4 s9 ^5 khis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-
" |. | e- W6 n/ G- A1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific( X* P+ t. i; \" a6 D! u
works and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,% I9 E% u$ {. Z' @
Fryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.
3 V! F# L9 S/ MNamely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
$ G4 B8 A& Z2 S) Pto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant
, R* t: z2 m, M1 l5 T- L5 Xwould transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,
5 C/ H' u2 H6 _0 @; `7 B' erevise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means," t$ C- M; x% V& P+ g2 S, L
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
0 t. H2 O* H/ k( ^+ i/ U3 Qbooks that made him the most productive one among the
+ e, _6 r$ s8 S6 y! ^$ w& }* X) fforeign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,
( ~# m9 ?; C& Utranslating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
1 ]) @ m/ W7 [noble work which could help accelerate the process of
3 a$ }* H1 E4 z. Wpeople’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83)., Y v# c9 U$ T0 Y" B
In addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer2 V; } c& H" B5 Y
also paid much attention to the dissemination of Western
+ C7 y! m8 `5 g7 M+ s- kscience and the standardization of translated scientific( \2 e$ m- Z: N
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific. K6 l5 N* N2 C3 j* x# t
magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the9 C- r$ b1 W! Y' l
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another) p8 i0 t$ n9 F" O0 Z$ n
contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series
* q6 E0 S3 B8 X: E3 aof chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in
6 \# Z8 }/ [1 I$ X7 BModern China.' U" V$ a8 V! r* M* d# Y
An American scholar Dagenais (2010) published
8 `. U# n9 m+ f. U/ T1 Q/ Y4 SThe John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of
( X- K& t9 A9 @9 N2 D3 ztravel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing/ ?- n4 l6 y. e9 o2 k
a lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In# J: f# Q- S4 K5 W( U ]% d3 L
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
- W) k1 f6 |; D6 z0 \! c0 O: iTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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