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. o' c) y+ a5 V% K! Khttp://cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/10213/10688- s6 U* m# m: Q! ^: N
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John Fryer’s Contribution to Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern China
1 v8 ]' b% r3 ^0 a, C! l0 DYANG Lifang: MA Student, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
1 S2 i4 P& c; k" zFinance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.
. E! A$ V9 W- u w8 o1 p* D0 M) o6 k- p6 E8 O9 [
LI Changbao, Ph.D., Professor, School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of
7 n) |5 d7 S" ]& C* ?Finance & Economics, Hangzhou, China.! A: y! ]/ G6 G
5 q+ F( ~! T/ `2 {% Q% _Supported by National Social Sciences Foundation Project (16BYY011) .
. H/ Z6 H6 y: k1 MReceived 5 October 2017; accepted 8 January 2018: g& s- c+ A: p1 Q( N
Published online 26 January 2018
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Abstract* Z9 `8 v( a. b, [4 Q
John Fryer was a British missionary in the late Qing+ y P1 ?0 O/ s, U2 u# Z6 ?# G
Dynasty who came to China and was employed by The
* t# I0 V+ _% T2 b' n- b" ^. WTranslation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal. He has been' N0 ?8 R& ^' _
engaged in the translation work for over 28 years, not& l; Y3 l% f4 w, ?
only having translated a great deal of Western scientific
- |4 P( N9 m" W. r t2 ?works into Chinese, but also having contributed greatly! K8 {5 E# D. } Q, L- M, k
to the standardization of the scientific terminology5 c) s2 ^2 `. e+ n% n+ A
translation. This paper first attempts to probe into Fryer’s" M6 y [, z# R7 [% v( k* K
scientific translation practice and his translation ideas,
: y: ~- Z9 j, V6 R; W2 \and then points out that Fryer’s major contributions to the3 w; [( Q6 B! V. Y5 g
standardization of the scientific terminology translation
( m. @, H" A8 k' m" g$ _in Modern China are that the magazine Ko-chih-hui-pien* l, g0 h' O) N& D
he established had helped greatly with the popularization
; m$ }9 h/ |# t! p) _of modern scientific knowledge, that the book Mirroring8 @, u" G" u, E' W! ^
the Origins of Chemistry he translated had paved the way# @/ V3 O" R9 m& w) p+ _0 h0 S! u8 _
for the term translation of modern chemical elements, and
" o+ l2 q* |4 o2 g4 Y* k7 ^that various lists of bilingual technical terms he made, to a
) g, W" z' T" p. n- F1 m+ k* G& r) G3 Igreat degree, had standardized the translation of scientific5 b* @+ {7 a7 p( p! Y7 }' f
terminology.
' `" O$ f- x! K2 v% BKey words: John Fryer; Scientific translation;9 X* |6 ^* n* E* h: v: ?
Standardization of terminology translation5 I3 \! ^9 c( M. z2 Y/ D# Y
Yang, L. F., & Li, C. B. (2018). John Fryer’s Contribution to
6 y5 @2 S1 _1 c! C* i0 K7 Z, _Standardization of Translated Scientific Terminology in Modern6 {6 X+ p3 X$ A# i) w9 X. Z
China. Studies in Literature and Language, 16 (1), 7-13. Available9 A5 E0 G# g0 m: {* k% t! U1 A
from: http://www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/102137 r2 d7 V7 P( C/ Q
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/10213
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INTRODUCTION
: ^, F9 e" E( E% Z" [3 _John Fryer (1839-1928) was an English missionary and: l. R- Q5 V. h$ j y6 r7 S
a great translator in the late Qing dynasty (1840-1912).4 n* G$ X1 b: L h5 i5 K! P. q" W5 G
Driven by his intense interest in China, Fryer came to( e9 R1 H* U5 Z, ?$ m5 ^" C5 e
Hong Kong in the year of 1861 to serve as the dean of
) I: t% `& V+ X& FSt. Paul’s College. And in 1868, Fryer was employed% I5 H6 j1 V" x. z5 o
by The Translation Department of Kiangnan Arsenal as
5 V3 h5 S v; Jan editor and chief translator. During the 28 years on
' C% Y0 N1 Y, t5 a' jhis job, with the help of his colleague Xu Shou (1818-: C- A8 q% a- d3 Y# u$ x4 m
1884), Fryer translated a great deal of Western scientific
$ [0 d. K9 a5 ]0 Mworks and illustrated his translation ideas. As a foreigner,
, I7 K3 \/ m6 J) g$ x% gFryer adopted the Buddhist technique of oral instruction.3 F# D# y# x6 @$ S1 K, r& Q/ q
Namely, sitting with his Chinese assistant, Fryer dictated
+ p) h* q- I5 f Jto him sentence by sentence, while the Chinese assistant& Y& U+ a3 k0 L( R9 _, p: ~
would transcribe what Fryer said into literary Chinese,0 h8 V& O. B1 ?4 l9 Q8 N4 E3 ]
revise the manuscript and correct errors. By this means,- L* `) v5 a9 }% U* g! i4 a0 F# s/ Q
Fryer translated more than one hundred of Western
+ t1 B) p- ^+ T% B( w( D! F- [- Ybooks that made him the most productive one among the' [4 a8 ~: U! k2 n$ y& h/ z+ B9 R
foreign translators of that time (Wang, 1998). For Fryer,) b7 {& k6 E/ {: ]; A( J* B, _
translating Western scientific books into Chinese was a
, P7 T) ], y" e. U( l7 z! ?; Fnoble work which could help accelerate the process of% d2 N2 v9 j8 c
people’s enlightenment of science (Chen, 2000, p.83).
# O+ L/ k4 s9 g7 w6 l+ e, YIn addition to his achievements in translation, Fryer
$ j" o# P8 [% balso paid much attention to the dissemination of Western+ e; T: c2 w# C3 c6 C* T
science and the standardization of translated scientific4 X8 K9 n- O! r6 T) b
terms in Modern China. He set up the first scientific
9 K5 {, N1 e7 W9 s% y5 R% T/ nmagazine Ko-chih-hui-pien (1875), and donated for the% s! z3 @0 |1 M! b
establishment of Shanghai Deaf-mutes School. Another
0 w7 U% C9 U( U" Q% ^contribution made by Fryer was that he translated a series& l" T H5 O5 D
of chemistry books which filled the blanks of chemistry in8 I; i0 ^) s- k2 k, X+ q
Modern China.
, D- H5 F/ c: R3 \- y6 X! FAn American scholar Dagenais (2010) published- x) [ t3 K. |+ F# u! _$ Y" K
The John Fryer Papers, which collected a great deal of7 r, t! I' G; e4 o3 T" R, N* Q
travel notes, letters and essays written by Fryer, providing
/ G; G1 N, u) E( B+ Za lot of valuable information for the latter studies. In' F0 H7 x7 _* [0 I6 o
John Fryer: The Introduction of Western Science and
o7 R$ _$ }& F. G( gTechnology into Nineteenth-Century China, another |
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